First Aid for the Choking Child, 1988

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-742
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
The Public ◽  
Infancy And Childhood ◽  
Standards And Guidelines

Aspiration of a foreign body is a common hazard in infancy and childhood. In the last 6 years, there has been a great effort to educate the public concerning the prevention of choking due to accidental aspiration of foods or small objects by children. Concomitantly, there has been a campaign to teach the first aid measures essential for evaluation and treatment of choking. HISTORIC OVERVIEW Much of the existing data regarding treatment of the choking child is anecdotal. In 1981, the Committee on Accident and Poison Prevention of the American Academy of Pediatrics1 reviewed the available literature. The committee recommended that a foreign body in the upper airway be considered an immediate threat to life and that such a foreign body required urgent removal. In addition, the committee recognized the effectiveness of natural coughing and recommended that, if a choking child could breath and was able to speak and/or cough, all maneuvers were unnecessary and potentially dangerous. If the choking child could not breathe, cough, or make a sound, a series of back blows and chest thrusts was recommended. The committee recommendations resulted in a spirited controversy concerning the most effective management of the choking child.2-6 At the July 1985 National Conference on Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care, the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and the American Red Cross convened a panel on Management of Foreign Body Airway Obstruction to review and revise the past recommendations.

Revised First Aid for the Choking Child

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-178
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Airway Obstruction ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Amencan Academy ◽  
Adults And Children ◽  
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction

Aspiration of a foreign body is a common hazard in infancy and childhood. In the last 5 years, there has been a great effort to educate the public on the prevention of choking due to accidental inhalation of foods or small objects by children. Concomitantly, there has been a campaign to teach the first aid measures essential for evaluation and treatment of choking. LITERATURE REVIEW Much of the existing data on treating the choking child has been anecdotal. In 1981, the Committee on Accident and Poison Prevention of the Amencan Academy of Pediatrics reviewed the available literature; the Committee recommended that a foreign body in the upper airway be considered an immediate threat to life and that such a foreign body required urgent removal.1 In addition, the Committee recognized the effectiveness of natural coughing and recommended that, if a choking child could breathe and was able to speak and/or cough, all maneuvers were unneccessary and potentially dangerous. If the choking child could not breathe, cough, or make a sound, a series of back blows and chest thrusts was recommended. The Committee recommendations resulted in a spirited controversy concerning the most effective management of the choking child.2-6 At the July 1985 National Conference on Standards and Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiac Care, the American Heart Association, American College of Cardiology, and the American Red Cross convened a panel on Management of Foreign Body Airway Obstruction to review and revise the past recommendations. The panel recommended use of the abdominal thrust—the Heimlich maneuver—as the exclusive method of treating foreign body airway obstruction for adults and children older than 1 year.

scholarly journals 2020 American Heart Association and American Red Cross Focused Update for First Aid

Circulation ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (17) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey L. Pellegrino ◽  
Nathan P. Charlton ◽  
Jestin N. Carlson ◽  
Gustavo E. Flores ◽  
Craig A. Goolsby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Heart Association ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
American Red Cross

scholarly journals 2019 American Heart Association and American Red Cross Focused Update for First Aid: Presyncope: An Update to the American Heart Association and American Red Cross Guidelines for First Aid

Circulation ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 140 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan P. Charlton ◽  
Jeffrey L. Pellegrino ◽  
Amy Kule ◽  
Tammy M. Slater ◽  
Jonathan L. Epstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Heart Association ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
First Aid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Body ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
Liaison Committee

This 2019 focused update to the American Heart Association and American Red Cross first aid guidelines follows the completion of a systematic review of treatments for presyncope of vasovagal or orthostatic origin. This review was commissioned by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation and resulted in the development of an international summary statement of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation First Aid Task Force Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations. This focused update highlights the evidence supporting specific interventions for presyncope of orthostatic or vasovagal origin and recommends the use of physical counterpressure maneuvers. These maneuvers include the contraction of muscles of the body such as the legs, arms, abdomen, or neck, with the goal of elevating blood pressure and alleviating symptoms. Although lower-body counterpressure maneuvers are favored over upper-body counterpressure maneuvers, multiple methods can be beneficial, depending on the situation.

scholarly journals Part 17: First Aid: 2010 American Heart Association and American Red Cross Guidelines for First Aid

Circulation ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 122 (18_suppl_3) ◽  
pp. S934-S946 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Markenson ◽  
J. D. Ferguson ◽  
L. Chameides ◽  
P. Cassan ◽  
K.-L. Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
American Heart Association ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
American Red Cross

Automated External Defibrillators: How HF/E Helps Win the Race against Time

2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Tony Strawhun ◽  
Susan Murray
Keyword(s):  
Heart Association ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Human Factors Engineering ◽  
American Red Cross ◽  
Automated External Defibrillators ◽  
The Public ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation ◽  
Life Saving

FEATURE AT A GLANCE: In emergency situations, time is critical. Because it takes time for an ambulance to arrive, many not-for-profits such as the American Red Cross and American Heart Association, along with many local emergency medical service unions, encourage the public to learn how to perform cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and use an automated external defibrillator (AED). Although AED technology can be life saving, there are several trade-offs in design features and innovations, which can be critical when designing or selecting the appropriate AED for a specific setting. This article focuses on the human factors engineering used by designers and manufacturers during the design and development of several modern AEDs, including a discussion of the trade-offs involved.

First Aid for the Choking Child

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Permanent Disability ◽  
Foreign Objects ◽  
Local Agencies

There are more than 300 annual deaths of children in the United States due to choking.1 Prompt, effective first aid provided by a bystander may and often does prevent morbidity or death. Pediatricians should review the risk of choking with parents during routine health care visits and encourage families to obtain formal training from local agencies such as the American Red Cross and American Heart Association. Toys, food, or other foreign objects find their way into youngsters' airways. Any child who has choked on a foreign body and is coughing, crying, or speaking is best left to his/her own reflexes to relieve the obstruction. If the child or infant is unable to make sounds or if complete obstruction develops, without evidence of respiratory air movement, immediate first aid is required to avoid permanent disability or death. CURRENT TECHNIQUES Abdominal Thrust Technique Most experts agree that the abdominal thrust maneuver (Fig 1), as originally described by Henry Heimlich, MD, is the most effective method of relieving airway obstruction in children more than 1 year of age.2-8 This method utilizes the following concepts: (1) four fifths of normal respiration occurs using the diaphragm; (2) abdominal pressure compresses the diaphragm upward, thereby raising intrathoracic pressure; (3) rapid increase in intrathoracic pressure may expel the obstructing object; and (4) as a patient becomes hypoxic, muscle tone diminishes. Thus, repeated abdominal thrusts that may be ineffective initially become effective minutes later. Controversy exists concerning first aid management for a choking child less than 12 months of age: abdominal thrust technique versus back-blow and chest thrust technique.

Teaching First Aid, CPR, and AED Using Blended Learning in Academic Settings

2018 ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Jerono P. Rotich ◽  
Gloria Elliott
Keyword(s):  
Blended Learning ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Red Cross ◽  
College Age ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Academic Settings ◽  
The Difference

Due to the increase of accidents, incidences, and unexpected emergencies, knowledge of first aid, CPR, and AED skills is critical. It can make the difference between life and death and between complete recovery and permanent disability. Although numerous agencies such as the American Red Cross, American Safety and Health and Institute (ASHI), American Heart Association (AHA), and other organizations have trained millions of individuals in first aid, CPR, and AED, there is still a need to train more people especially the college age population. This chapter examines the need and impact of teaching first aid, CPR, and AED through blended learning in a college or university setting. Benefits of blended and online courses as well as strategies for setting up and teaching a blended learning course are provided.

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