Elevated Plasma Aluminum Levels in Normal Infants Receiving Antacids Containing Aluminum

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-151
Author(s):  
V. Marc Tsou ◽  
Rose M. Young ◽  
Michael H. Hart ◽  
Jon A. Vanderhoof
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Plasma Level ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Careful Monitoring ◽  
Aluminum Level ◽  
Aluminum Accumulation ◽  
High Doses

Aluminum toxicity is a documented cause of encephalopathy, anemia, and osteomalacia. Excretion is primarily renal; therefore, patients with renal insufficiency are at risk for aluminum accumulation and toxicity. This has been demonstrated in uremic children treated with aluminum-containing antacids. The purpose of this study was to determine whether plasma aluminum levels were elevated in infants with normal renal function during prolonged aluminum-containing antacid use. Ten study infants (mean age = 5.8 months), who had been receiving antacids for at least 1 week, were compared with 16 control infants (mean age = 9.8 months) not receiving antacids. The study patients consumed 123 ± 16 mg/kg per day (mean ± SEM) of elemental aluminum for an average of 4.7 weeks. Their plasma aluminum level (37.2 ± 7.13 µg/L) was significantly greater than that of the control group (4.13 ± 0.66 µg/L) (P < .005). It is concluded that plasma aluminum levels may become elevated in infants with normal renal function who are consuming high doses of aluminum-containing antacids. The safety of antacids containing aluminum should not be assumed and they should be used judiciously in infants, with careful monitoring of the aluminum dose and plasma level.

scholarly journals Characteristics of neuromuscular block after administration of rocuronium bromide in patients with end-stage renal failure

2011 ◽  
Vol 139 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 765-771
Author(s):  
Nevena Kalezic ◽  
Biljana Krivic ◽  
Vladan Zivaljevic ◽  
Djordje Ugrinovic ◽  
Dijana Jovanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
Neuromuscular Block ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rocuronium Bromide ◽  
Duration Time ◽  
Development Duration

Introduction. Anaesthesia affects kidney function by reducing the renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate. As chronic renal failure (CRF) significantly influences drug metabolism and elimination, we studied the effects of rocuronium bromide (RB) in patients with CRF. Objective. The aim of the study was to examine whether, when using RB in patients with CFR, there are differences regarding the onset time of neuromuscular block (NMB) development, duration time, speed of recovery and cumulative effects of RB. Methods. Prospective study included 60 patients who underwent urologic surgery procedures. The patients were divided into 3 groups: the first group (G1) - 20 patients with CRF and residual dieresis, the second group (G2) - 20 patients with CRF and without dieresis, and third group (G3) - 20 patients with normal renal function (control group). During surgery RB was administrated for muscle paralysis in all patients. Train-of-four (TOF) Guard acceleromyography was used for NMB monitoring. Results. Onset time in three groups was 132.3 s; 139.5 s and 113.2 s (r<0.01). Duration of intubation dose was the same in G1 and G2 (28.9 minutes), while in the third group it was 27.2 minutes (r>0.05). The number of RB repeated doses was 3-8, 3-7 and 4-8 (r>0.05). The duration time until spontaneous recovery was 31.8, 31.6 and 29.8 minutes (r>0.01). The recovery index was 16.8, 16.7 and 10.6 minutes (r<0.001). The duration time from the last dose of RB to extubation was 74.5, 74.8 and 58.9 minutes (r<0.001). Conclusion. In patients with CRF the cumulative effect of the drug was registered, with a prolonged recovery time from NMB in relation to the patients with normal renal function.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics of vancomycin in patients with different renal function levels

Open Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 512-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radica Zivkovic Zaric ◽  
Jasmina Milovanovic ◽  
Nikola Rosic ◽  
Dragan Milovanovic ◽  
Dejana Ruzic Zecevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Failure ◽  
Chronic Kidney Failure ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Parameters ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling ◽  
High Doses

AbstractThere are many determinants of vancomycin clearance, but these have not been analyzed separately in populations with different levels of renal function, which could be why some important factors have been missed. The aim of our study was to compare the pharmacokinetic parameters and factors that may affect vancomycin pharmacokinetics in groups of patients with normal renal function and in those with chronic kidney failure. The study used a population pharmacokinetic modeling approach, based on plasma vancomycin concentrations and other data from 78 patients with chronic kidney failure and 32 patients with normal renal function. The model was developed using NONMEM software and validated by bootstrapping. The final model for patients with impaired kidney function was described by the following equation: CL (L/h) = 0.284 + 0.000596 x DD + 0.00194 x AST, and that for the patients with normal kidney function by: CL (L/h) = 0.0727 + 0.205 x FIB. If our results are confirmed by new studies on two similar populations, these factors could be considered when dosing vancomycin in patients with chronically damaged kidneys, as well as in patients with normal kidneys who frequently require high doses of vancomycin.

scholarly journals Kidney histotexure and serum creatinine level in response to concurrent administration of alcohol and coffee in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-47
Author(s):  
MT Islam ◽  
MK Islam ◽  
MZ Hossain ◽  
MA Wares
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Serum Creatinine ◽  
Serum Creatinine Level ◽  
Creatinine Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pathological Changes ◽  
Concurrent Administration ◽  
Group A ◽  
High Doses

The effect of alcohol and coffee on renal function with pathological changes in kidney was determined in mice. Sixty Albino mice were randomly divided into six equal groups. The mice of group A were maintained as control and remaining five groups were used as treated groups. The mice of control group were supplied with normal mice pellets whereas other groups were supplied with same pellets in addition to 5% coffee (in drinking water), 10% coffee, 10% alcohol, 5% coffee plus 5% alcohol and 10% coffee plus 10% alcohol, for 90 days. The serum creatinine level was significantly (P<0.01) higher in groups supplied with alcohol. There was huge infiltration of reactive cells and mild haemorrhagic spots in kidney of mice that received 10% coffee and 10% alcohol, respectively. It is suggested that long use of high doses of alcohol and coffee impaired kidney function.Bangl. vet. 2015. Vol. 32, No. 2, 42-47

Erythropoietic Aluminum-Toxicity in Mice with Normal Renal Function

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
G Garbossa ◽  
A Gutnisky ◽  
S Roca ◽  
A Ness
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
Aluminum Toxicity

scholarly journals Preproghrelin Leu72Met polymorphism predicts a lower rate of developing renal dysfunction in type 2 diabetic nephropathy

2006 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dae-Yeol Lee ◽  
Sun-Young Kim ◽  
Dae-Sun Jo ◽  
Pyoung Han Hwang ◽  
Kyung Pyo Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Carrier Status ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Objective: Ghrelin is a novel peptide hormone, which exerts somatotropic, orexigenic and adipogenic effects. Recent studies have shown that the preproghrelin Leu72Met polymorphism is associated with serum creatinine (Scr) concentration in type 2 diabetes; 72Met carriers exhibited lower Scr levels as compared with the 72Met non-carriers. We hypothesized that the preproghrelin Leu72Met polymorphism is associated with a lower rate of developing renal dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Design: The preproghrelin Leu72Met polymorphism was investigated using PCR techniques in 138 patients with diabetic nephropathy divided into two groups, one with normal renal function and the other with renal dysfunction. Methods: Determination of the frequency of the preproghrelin Leu72Met polymorphism was the main outcome measure. Results: The frequency of the Leu72Met polymorphism in diabetic nephropathy was significantly lower in patients with renal dysfunction (15.9%, P<0.01) than in patients with normal renal function (42.0%) or in the diabetes control group (40.6%). The Leu72Met polymorphism was also associated with serum total cholesterol levels in diabetic nephropathy patients with renal dysfunction; the 72Met carriers had lower total cholesterol levels than the 72Met non-carriers (P<0.05). Conclusion: These data suggest that 72Met carrier status may be used as a marker predicting a lower chance of developing renal dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy.

Endogenous Nitric Oxide Synthesis Inhibitor Asymmetrical Dimethyl-L-Arginine (ADMA) and Neoplasms in Children

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 5469-5469
Author(s):  
Adrian Doroszko ◽  
Ewa Niedzielska ◽  
Dorota Wojcik ◽  
Elzbieta Wojcik ◽  
Andrzej Szuba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Level ◽  
Solid Tumor ◽  
Clinical Stage ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthesis ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Oncological Treatment ◽  
Endogenous Nitric Oxide

Abstract Background: Neoplasms in children are uncommon diseases however they have broad impact on the society. Despite novel therapeutic strategies for children suffering from leukemia or solid tumor, the mortality rate of the disease is still high. The endogenous nitric oxide synthesis inhibitor asymmetrical dimethyl-L-arginine (ADMA) is considered to be a strong cardirovascular risk factor and may lead to new therapeutic strategies. Our previous findings indicate that elevated plasma level of ADMA is correlated with worse prognosis in adult patients with NHL. There are no data available pointing at metabolites of NO-pathway nor clinical evidence as prognostic factor of oncological treatment in children. Aim: To investigate the relation between elevated plasma level of NO-pathway metabolites and well established markers of clinical stage of the disease. Material and method: 12 children with acute leukemias (ALL, AML), 13 with solid tumor (PNET, osteosarcoma, Wilms’ tumor, RMS) during hemato-oncological treatment were recruited to a pilot study and N=15 healthy children to a control group. Plasma concentrations of ADMA, SDMA, L-Arg was determined. Relationship to clinical stage of the disease, biochemical and blood markers was tested. Results Table 1: Differences in mean plasma concentrations of arginine, ADMA and SDMA in pts with leukemia vs pts with solid tumor vs control group Control:N=15 Mean ±SD Median ±SEM Leukemia;N=12 Mean±SD Median ±SEM Solid tumour; N=13 Mean±SD Median ±SEM P L-Arg 68,58±24,29 60,19±6,27 31,28±8,63 30,82±2,49 49,59±10,81 49,18±3,00 0,0000 ADMA 0,62±0,10 0,61±0,02 1,17±1,10 0,53±0,32 0,98±1,10 0,46±0,31 NS SDMA 0,44±0,18 0,39±0,04 1,18±1,10 0,80±0,32 1,56±1,02 1,09±0,28 0,0024 ARG/ADMA 112,8±46,28 107,4±11,94 67,40±54,31 69,48±15,68 228,82±451,44 117,35±125,21 NS Table 2:Significant correlations in group of pts with solid tumor and in patients with leukemia LEUKEMIA; N=12 R p ADMA & Ca 0,78 0,008 SDMA & Ca 0,75 0,011 SDMA & CRP −0,78 0,021 Arg/ADMA & K −0,72 0,019 Arg/ADMA & Ca −0,64 0,043 Arg& MONOCYTE 0,65 0,043 ADMA & TOT.BILIRUB. −0,92 0,000 ADMA & TOT.PROTEIN 0,75 0,032 SDMA & EOSINOPHILE 0,73 0,025 SDMA & TOT.BILIRUB −0,82 0,007 Arg/ADMA & TOT.BILIRUB. 0,81 0,009 SOLID TUMOR; N=15 R p Arg &RBC 0,70 0,016 Arg & Hb 0,64 0,035 Arg & LYMPHOCYTE 0,81 0,003 Arg & EOSINOPHILE 0,76 0,011 ADMA &MONOCYTE −0,78 0,008 ADMA & TOT.PROTEIN 0,62 0,040 ADMA & Hb 0,64 0,035 Arg/ADMA &MONOCYTE 0,82 0,004 Arg/ADMA & BASOPHILE 0,65 0,043 Conclusions:A lower plasma level of L-Arg was found both in pts with leukemia and solid tumors. Higher plasma concentration of SDMA was found in patients with leukemia and solid tumor compared to the control group. Further studies are necessary to clarify the significance of these findings.

Renal extraction of glucagon in rats with normal and reduced renal function

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (1) ◽  
pp. F67-F71 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bastl ◽  
F. O. Finkelstein ◽  
R. Sherwin ◽  
R. Hendler ◽  
P. Felig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Kidney Weight ◽  
Surgical Ablation ◽  
Renal Handling

To examine the role of the kidney in the mechanism of impaired metabolic clearance of glucagon in renal failure, the renal handling of endogenous pancreatic glucagon was studied in rats with normal renal function and rats with renal insufficiency produced by 70% surgical ablation. Mean +/- SE renal extraction of glucagon in animals with normal renal function was 39 +/- 5%. Urinary losses of glucagon accounted for less than 2% of renal extraction. In contrast, in the animals with renal insufficiency (glomerular filtration rate reduced to one-third of normal), arterial glucagon increased 40% and renal extraction and extraction rate per gram kidney weight of glucagon were negligible, despite filtered loads of 204 +/- 42 pg/min per g kidney wt. These findings indicate a major role of the kidney in the metabolic clearance of glucagon under normal conditions and suggest that during renal insufficiency elevated plasma levels of glucagon occur, at least in part, as a result of a decreased renal turnover of the hormone.

scholarly journals Validation and Clinical Application of a New Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS) Method for Dalbavancin Quantification in Human Plasma

Separations ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
Valeria Avataneo ◽  
Miriam Antonucci ◽  
Elisa Delia De De Vivo ◽  
Antonio Briozzo ◽  
Jessica Cusato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Human Plasma ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Continuous Hemodiafiltration ◽  
Positive Skin ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Long Acting

Dalbavancin (DBV) is an intravenous long-acting second-generation glycolipopeptide antibiotic with high efficacy and excellent tolerability, approved for use in the treatment of Gram-positive skin and skin structure infections (ABSSSI). Nevertheless, little is known about its pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) properties in real life, which is also due to technical challenges in its quantification in human plasma, preventing an effective application of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). In fact, DBV has a high affinity to plasma proteins, possibly resulting in poor recovery after extraction procedure. The aim of this study was to validate a simple, cheap and reliable HPLC-MS method for use in TDM, in accordance with FDA and EMA guidelines. The optimized protein precipitation protocol required 50 μL of plasma, while chromatographic analysis could be performed in 12 min/sample. This method fulfilled the guidelines requirements and then, it was applied for routine DBV TDM in patients receiving off-label high doses (two 1500 + 1500 mg weekly infusions instead of 1000 + 500 mg), with normal renal function or undergoing hemodialysis: continuous hemodiafiltration caused a relevant reduction in DBV exposure, while intermittent dialysis showed comparable DBV concentrations with those of patients with normal renal function. This confirmed the eligibility of the presented method for use in TDM and its usefulness in clinical practice.

Dissociation between Calcium and Phosphate Absorption in Nephrotic Syndrome

1983 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 437-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Farrington ◽  
S. P. Newman ◽  
Z. Varghese ◽  
J. F. Moorhead
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Nephrotic Syndrome ◽  
Normal Renal Function ◽  
Simultaneous Measurement ◽  
Calcium Absorption ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phosphate Absorption ◽  
Normal Controls

1. Intestinal calcium and phosphate absorption have been measured in nine patients with nephrotic syndrome and normal renal function, by a combined radioisotope technique which allows simultaneous measurement of both quantities. The values obtained were compared with those obtained in 20 normal controls. 2. Calcium absorption in the nephrotic group was significantly lower than in the control group (P < 0.01), but phosphate absorption in the nephrotic group did not differ from controls. 3. This dissociation between calcium and phosphate absorption provides further evidence for independent mechanisms governing the two absorption processes.

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