Abuse of Combination Stimulants

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 234-254
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Cerebral Hemorrhage ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Adrenergic Effects

Over-the-counter preparations for weight loss have become very popular in this country during the last several years. Most of these preparations are combination stimulants containing phenylpropanolamine, ephedrine, and caffeine. They are widely advertised, readily available, and have become a major item for adolescent drug abuse. All of these substances have potent and direct adrenergic effects and catecholamine-releasing actions. Hypertension, cerebral hemorrhage, and psychosis have all been associated with use of phenylpropanolamine. Caffeine has been reported to cause ventricular arrhythmias, including ventricular tachycardia. There is a possibility that simultaneous ingestion of all of these drugs could increase the risk of toxicity from each. Propanolol is the treatment of choice for toxicity manifested by moderate symptomatic hypertension plus atrial or ventricular arrhythmias.

scholarly journals Ventricular Tachycardia Induced by Weight Loss Pills

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manan Pareek ◽  
Nils Henrik Hansson ◽  
Erik Lerkevang Grove
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Monomorphic Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Multiple Episodes

A previously healthy 29-year-old man was admitted with palpitations, dizziness, and near-syncope after he had recently started taking weight loss pills purchased on the internet. The pills contained caffeine and ephedrine. An electrocardiogram and telemetry revealed multiple episodes of non-sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia, which was successfully treated with amiodarone. In conclusion, unauthorized weight loss pills can be harmful. In particular, ephedrine-containing drugs carry a risk of ventricular tachycardia and should be discouraged.

scholarly journals Mechanisms and Clinical Management of Ventricular Arrhythmias following Blunt Chest Trauma

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel H. Wolbrom ◽  
Aleef Rahman ◽  
Cory M. Tschabrunn
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Blunt Chest Trauma ◽  
Chest Trauma ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Structural Heart Disease ◽  
Chest Injury ◽  
Chronic Stage ◽  
Chest Wall Injury

Nonpenetrating, blunt chest trauma is a serious medical condition with varied clinical presentations and implications. This can be the result of a dense projectile during competitive and recreational sports but may also include other etiologies such as motor vehicle accidents or traumatic falls. In this setting, the manifestation of ventricular arrhythmias has been observed both acutely and chronically. This is based on two entirely separate mechanisms and etiologies requiring different treatments. Ventricular fibrillation can occur immediately after chest wall injury (commotio cordis) and requires rapid defibrillation. Monomorphic ventricular tachycardia can develop in the chronic stage due to underlying structural heart disease long after blunt chest injury. The associated arrhythmogenic tissue may be complex and provides the necessary substrate to form a reentrant VT circuit. Ventricular tachycardia in the absence of overt structural heart disease appears to be focal in nature with rapid termination during ablation. Regardless of the VT mechanism, patients with recurrent episodes, despite antiarrhythmic medication in the chronic stage following blunt chest injury, are likely to require ablation to achieve VT control. This review article will describe the mechanisms, pathophysiology, and treatment of ventricular arrhythmias that occur in both the acute and chronic stages following blunt chest trauma.

An Analysis for Adulteration and Contamination of Over-the-Counter Weight-Loss Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Hung Boris Wong ◽  
Joanna E. Harnett ◽  
David Clases ◽  
Nial J. Wheate
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Over The Counter

scholarly journals Proper Drug Disposal: Studying a Solution to Household Prescription and Over-the- Counter Drug Abuse

2016 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Kinrys ◽  
Alexandra K Gold ◽  
Andrew A Nierenberg
Keyword(s):  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Over The Counter

Emergency catheter ablation of refractory ventricular tachycardia

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 36-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
LL Stevens ◽  
RM Redd ◽  
TA Buckingham
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Pharmacologic Therapy ◽  
Emergency Therapy

Catheter ablation, in extreme cases, can be used successfully as emergency therapy for VT in the CCU. In the hands of a physician experienced in electrophysiologic procedures, catheter ablation may prove to be an alternative to surgical or pharmacologic therapy in acutely ill patients with refractory ventricular arrhythmias.

P1603Nicorandil suppresses ischemia-induced cardiac interstitial norepinephrine enhancement and ventricular arrhythmia in hypertrophic hearts

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kobara ◽  
N Naseratun ◽  
Y Watanabe ◽  
H Toba ◽  
T Nakata
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmia ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Norepinephrine Release ◽  
Norepinephrine Concentration ◽  
Ischemic Period

Abstract Background Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cause of death in western countries and Japan, and hypertension is a major risk factor of MI. In hypertensive heart, acute myocardial infarction often leads to lethal ventricular arrhythmia. Nicorandil, an ATP sensitive potassium channel (KATP) opener, is usually used in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction. The effects of nicorandil on ischemic myocyte are fully defined. On the other hand, KATP in neuroterminals is known to regulate norepinephrine release, but the effect of nicorandil on ischemic norepinephrine release in cardiac tissue has remained unexplored. Purpose We examined whether nicorandil suppressed norepinephrine release via neuronal KATP and ventricular arrhythmia during acute ischemia in pressure overload-induced hypertrophic hearts. Methods SD Rats were divided into two groups; abdominal aortic constriction (AAC) group and sham-operated (Sham) group. Four weeks after constriction, cardiac geometry and function were examined using echocardiography. Then, myocardial ischemia was induced by the left anterior descending artery occlusion for 100 minutes in the presence or absence of intravenous infusion of nicorandil. Cardiac interstitial norepinephrine concentration in ischemic region was measured using the microdialysis method and concentration of cyclic AMP, a second messenger of norepinephrine, in cardiac tissue was measured by ELISA. Ventricular arrhythmias were monitered by ECG during whole ischemic period. Results Four weeks after constriction, remarkable left ventricular wall thickening was observed in AAC group. Before ischemia, ventricular arrhythmia was not found in both groups. Number of ventricular arrhythmia, including ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation, was increased in early ischemic period (- 40 min) in both groups, and was grater in AAC group. Before ischemia, interstitial norepinephrine concentration in cardiac tissue was higher level in AAC group than in Sham group. Ischemia obviously increased norepinephrine concentration in both groups time dependently and AAC further increased norepinephrine than Sham group. Concentration of cyclic AMP in cardiac tissue was raised in early ischemic period (- 40 min) and then gradually decreased. Nicorandil significantly suppressed the number of ventricular arrhythmias, and abolished the ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation without hemodynamic alterations. Nicorandil also attenuated norepinephrine and cAMP enhancement in acute ischemic period in both groups. Conclusion Ischemia-induced ventricular arrhythmia was more frequent and severe in hypertrophic hearts and interstitial norepinephrine enhancement may play a role in this ischemic arrhythmia. Nicorandil suppressed ischemia-induced interstitial norepinephrine release by neuronal KATP opening, which attenuated ventricular arrhythmias in normal and hypertrophic hearts.

VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA AND FIBRILLATION DETECTION USING DWT AND DECISION TREE CLASSIFIER

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (03) ◽  
pp. 1950008
Author(s):  
MONALISA MOHANTY ◽  
PRADYUT BISWAL ◽  
SUKANTA SABUT
Keyword(s):  
Ventricular Tachycardia ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Discrete Wavelet ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Tree Classifier ◽  
Frequency Features

Ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) are the life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias that require treatment in an emergency. Detection of VT and VF at an early stage is crucial for achieving the success of the defibrillation treatment. Hence an automatic system using computer-aided diagnosis tool is helpful in detecting the ventricular arrhythmias in electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. In this paper, a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) was used to denoise and decompose the ECG signals into different consecutive frequency bands to reduce noise. The methodology was tested using ECG data from standard CU ventricular tachyarrhythmia database (CUDB) and MIT-BIH malignant ventricular ectopy database (VFDB) datasets of PhysioNet databases. A set of time-frequency features consists of temporal, spectral, and statistical were extracted and ranked by the correlation attribute evaluation with ranker search method in order to improve the accuracy of detection. The ranked features were classified for VT and VF conditions using support vector machine (SVM) and decision tree (C4.5) classifier. The proposed DWT based features yielded the average sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 99.32%, and accuracy of 99.23% using a decision tree (C4.5) classifier. These results were better than the SVM classifier having an average accuracy of 92.43%. The obtained results prove that using DWT based time-frequency features with decision tree (C4.5) classifier can be one of the best choices for clinicians for precise detection of ventricular arrhythmias.

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