scholarly journals Sleep-Disordered Breathing During Congestive Heart Failure: To Intervene or Not to Intervene?

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Valika ◽  
Maria Rosa Costanzo ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Central Sleep Apnea ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Sleep-disordered breathing is common in heart failure patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Central sleep apnea occurs more commonly in heart failure-reduced ejection fraction, and obstructive sleep apnea occurs more frequently in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Although the two types of sleep-disordered breathing have distinct pathophysiologic mechanisms, both contribute to abnormal cardiovascular consequences. Treatment with continuous positive airway pressure for obstructive sleep apnea in heart failure has been well defined, whereas treatment strategies for central sleep apnea in heart failure continue to evolve. Unilateral transvenous neurostimulation has shown promise for the treatment of central sleep apnea. In this paper, we examine the current state of knowledge of treatment options for sleep-disordered breathing in heart failure.

Cycle length identifies obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bitter ◽  
Burak Özdemir ◽  
Henrik Fox ◽  
Dieter Horstkotte ◽  
Olaf Oldenburg
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Cycle Length ◽  
Central Sleep Apnea ◽  
Reduced Ejection Fraction ◽  
Obstructive Sleep

scholarly journals Profile of sleep disordered breathing in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitesh Gupta ◽  
Sumita Agrawal ◽  
Akhil D. Goel ◽  
Pranav Ish ◽  
Shibdas Chakrabarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Ejection Fraction ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Preserved Ejection Fraction ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents nearly half of HF cases and is increasingly being recognized as a cause of morbidity and mortality. Hypertension (essential or secondary) is an important risk factor of HFpEF, owing to permanent structural changes in heart. A common cause of secondary hypertension is obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). In the present study, we have attempted to seek the frequency and characteristics of sleep disordered breathing (SDB) in HFpEF. Also, we tried to investigate if any correlation exists between the severity of SDB and the severity of diastolic dysfunction. This was a prospective, cross-sectional, case-control study in which 25 case patients with HFpEF and 25 control subjects were included. All the case patients and control subjects went through a detailed clinical, biochemical, echocardiography evaluation and overnight polysomnography. SDB was seen in 64% of the case patients having HFpEF and in 12% of control group with [odds ratio (OR)= 12.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.83-52.74; p<0.001]. A significant correlation of apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) severity was observed with degree of diastolic dysfunction (r = 0.67; p<0.001). Among HFpEF patients with SDB (16/25), 13 had OSA and only 3 had central sleep apnea (CSA). CSA was present in patients with severe diastolic dysfunction. There were no clinical or sleep quality differences among the OSA and the CSA group. To conclude, a higher frequency of SDB is observed in HFpEF patients. AHI severity correlates with degree of diastolic dysfunction. The underlying mechanisms of correlation between SDB and diastolic dysfunction either through uncontrolled hypertension or direct causation warrant further evaluation. 

scholarly journals Sleep-disordered Breathing in Uncontrolled Blood Pressure: Our Experience

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
Milesh Jung Sijapati ◽  
Minalma Pandey ◽  
Nirupama Khadka ◽  
Poojyashree Karki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Central Sleep Apnea ◽  
Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome ◽  
Uncontrolled Blood Pressure ◽  
Antihypertensive Regimen ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Introduction: Sleep-disordered breathing is one of the greatest health problems. It comprises of obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, periodic breathing, and upper airway resistance syndrome. There are several studies reporting association of uncontrolled blood pressurewith individuals having sleep disordered breathing. Data regarding this were sparse in developing countries. Therefore this study was performed to find out the sleep-disordered breathing among uncontrolled hypertensive patients.Materials and Methods: Study was performed from January, 2014 to January, 2017 in sleep center in Kathmandu, Nepal. Patient with uncontrolled BP were included. Uncontrolled BP was defined as blood pressure>130/80mmHg not on intensive antihypertensive regimen and resistant elevated BP was defined as blood pressure >130/80 mmHg despite intensive antihypertensive regimen. These patients were subjected for polysomnography.Results: Three hundred patients were selected out of which 250 patients with uncontrolled blood pressure were included. They were subjected for overnight polysomnography. Among them, 70patients (28%)were found to have mild obstructive sleep apnea, 20 patients had moderate obstructive sleep apnea (8%)&15 had severe obstructive sleep apnea (6%).Conclusions: This study concludes that those individuals having uncontrolled blood pressure has obstructive sleep apnea and these individuals have to undergo polysomnography.Nepalese Medical Journal, vol.1, No. 1, 2018, page: 36-38

Abstract 2405: Acute Increase In Left Ventricular Filling Pressure Leads To Hyperventilation In Heart Failure Patients With Central But Not Obstructive Sleep Apnea Or Without Sleep Disordered Breathing

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf Oldenburg ◽  
Cornelia Piper ◽  
Thomas Bitter ◽  
Christian Prinz ◽  
Christoph Langer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Receptor Sensitivity ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Acute Increase ◽  
Apnea Threshold ◽  
Disordered Breathing

The pathohysiology of Cheyne-Stokes-respiration (CSR) in congestive heart failure (CHF) is not fully understood. Increase in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) may lead to stimulation of pulmonary J-receptors and consecutive hyperventilation. The present study investigates the influence of an acute increase in PCWP in CHF pts without sleep disordered breathing (SDB) compared to pts with central (CSR) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Simultaneous left and right heart catheterizations were performed in 29 CHF pts (NYHA ≥ II, LVEF ≤ 40%). PCWP and arterial pCO 2 were measured under standardized settings at baseline and after left ventricular angio- and/or aortography resulting in an acute increase in intravascular volumes. Type and severity of SDB were determined by cardiorespiratory polygraphy the night before or thereafter. NT-proBNP concentration was measured and central CO 2 - receptor sensitivity determined by testing hypercapnic-hyperoxic-ventilatory response (HCVR) according to Read. CSR was diagnosed in 15 pts (apnea-hypopnoea-index [AHI] 32 ± 19/h; 59 ± 11 years; LVEF 32 ± 6%), OSA in 9 pts (AHI 27 ± 29/h; 64 ± 13 years; LVEF 33 ± 5%); 5 pts had no SDB (AHI 1 ± 2/h; 48 ± 13 years; LVEF 32 ± 7%). HCVR and NT-proBNP concentrations were significantly higher in CSR (5.6 ± 6.5l/min/mmHg and 5237 ± 6268pg/ml) compared to OSA (2.2 ± 0.6l/min/mmHg and 1127 ± 874pg/ml) or pts without SDB (1.6 ± 0.6l/min/mmHg and 197 ± 146pg/ml; p < 0.05). PCWP were elevated at baseline and increased significantly after angiography in all groups (CSR: 20.3 ± 6.6 mmHg to 22.9 ± 7.9 mmHg; OSA 22.8 ± 10 to 25.4 ± 11 mmHg; noSDB: 14.2 ± 10 to 17.4 ± 9mmHg; all p < 0.05). Arterial pCO 2 at baseline tended to be lower in pts with CSR. Only in CSR, not in OSA or pts without SDB increase in PCWP was accompanied by a further decrease in pCO 2 (CSR: 36.1 ± 5mmHg to 33.3 ± 5mmHg, p = 0.05; OSA: 38.7 ± 4mmHg to 40.1 ± 6mmHg, p = ns; noSDB: 39.6 ± 6mmHg to 39.7 ± 6mmHg, p = ns). In CHF pts with CSR but not in those without SDB or OSA, acute increase in PCWP stimulates ventilation, together with other factors like an increased central CO 2 - receptor sensitivity this may lead to hyperventilation and a consecutive decrease in pCO 2 below the apnea threshold. Moreover, the present data may explain why CSR in some pts reflects CHF severity.

scholarly journals Long-term Impact of Adenotonsillectomy on the Quality of Life of Children with Sleep-disordered breathing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Alves Sousa Caixeta ◽  
Jessica Caixeta Silva Sampaio ◽  
Vanessa Vaz Costa ◽  
Isadora Milhomem Bruno da Silveira ◽  
Carolina Ribeiro Fernandes de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Disordered Breathing

Abstract Introduction Adenotonsillectomy is the first-line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea secondary to adenotonsillar hypertrophy in children. The physical benefits of this surgery are well known as well as its impact on the quality of life (QoL), mainly according to short-term evaluations. However, the long-term effects of this surgery are still unclear. Objective To evaluate the long-term impact of adenotonsillectomy on the QoL of children with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB). Method This was a prospective non-controlled study. Children between 3 and 13 years of age with symptoms of SDB for whom adenotonsillectomy had been indicated were included. Children with comorbities were excluded. Quality of life was evaluated using the obstructive sleep apnea questionnaire (OSA-18), which was completed prior to, 10 days, 6 months, 12 months and, at least, 18 months after the procedure. For statistical analysis, p-values lower than 0.05 were defined as statistically significant. Results A total of 31 patients were enrolled in the study. The average age was 5.2 years, and 16 patients were male. The OSA-18 scores improved after the procedure in all domains, and this result was maintained until the last evaluation, done 22 ± 3 months after the procedure. Improvement in each domain was not superior to achieved in other domains. No correlation was found between tonsil or adenoid size and OSA-18 scores. Conclusion This is the largest prospective study that evaluated the long-term effects of the surgery on the QoL of children with SDB using the OSA-18. Our results show adenotonsillectomy has a positive impact in children's QoL.

827 Central Sleep Apnea in a patient with Multiple Sclerosis

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A322-A323
Author(s):  
Rahul Dasgupta ◽  
Sonja Schütz ◽  
Tiffany Braley
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Disordered Breathing ◽  
Central Sleep Apnea ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Demyelinating Lesions ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Introduction Sleep-disordered breathing is common in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), and may contribute to debilitating fatigue and other chronic MS symptoms. The majority of research to date on SDB in MS has focused on the prevalence and consequences of obstructive sleep apnea; however, PwMS may also be at increased risk for central sleep apnea (CSA), and the utility of methods to assess CSA in PwMS warrant further exploration. We present a patient with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis who was found to have severe central sleep apnea on WatchPAT testing. Report of case(s) A 61 year-old female with a past medical history of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis presented with complaints of fragmented sleep. MRI of the brain, cervical spine, and thoracic spine showed numerous demyelinating lesions in the brain, brainstem, cervical, and thoracic spinal cord. Upon presentation, the patient noted snoring, witnessed apneas, and daytime sleepiness. WatchPAT demonstrated severe sleep apnea, with a pAHI of 63.3, and a minimum oxygen saturation of 90%. The majority of the scored events were non-obstructive in nature (73.1% of all scored events), and occurred intermittently in a periodic fashion. Conclusion The differential diagnosis of fatigue in PwMS should include sleep-disordered breathing, including both obstructive and central forms of sleep apnea. Demyelinating lesions in the brainstem (which may contribute to impairment of motor and sensory networks that control airway patency and respiratory drive), and progressive forms of MS, have been linked to both OSA and CSA. The present data illustrate this relationship in a person with progressive MS, and offer support for the WatchPAT as a cost-effective means to evaluate for both OSA and CSA in PwMS, while reducing patient burden. PwMS may be at increased risk for CSA. Careful clinical consideration should be given to ordering appropriate sleep testing to differentiate central from obstructive sleep apnea in PwMS, particularly for patients with demyelinating lesions in the brainstem. Support (if any) 1. Braley TJ, Segal BM, Chervin RD. Obstructive sleep apnea and fatigue in patients with multiple sclerosis. J Clin Sleep Med. 2014 Feb 15;10(2):155–62. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.3442. PMID: 24532998; PMCID: PMC3899317.

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