scholarly journals Petrophysical properties of the Lower Cretaceous formations in the Shaikhan oilfield, northern Iraq

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wria Jihad Jabbar ◽  
Srood Farooq Naqshabandi ◽  
Falah Khalaf Al-Juboury
Keyword(s):  
Water Saturation ◽  
Neutron Density ◽  
Petrophysical Properties ◽  
Dolomitic Limestone ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Porosity Ratio ◽  
Environmental Corrections ◽  
Saturation Exponent ◽  
Formation Water Resistivity ◽  
Water Resistivity

The current study represents an evaluation of the petrophysical properties in the well Shaikhan-8 for the Garagu, Sarmord and Qamchuqa formations in Shaikhan oilfield, Duhok basin, northern Iraq. The petrophysical evaluation is based on well logs data to delineate the reservoir characteristics. The environmental corrections and petrophysical parameters such as porosity, water saturation, and hydrocarbon saturation are computed and interpreted using Interactive Petrophysics (IP) program. Neutron-density crossplot is used to identify lithological properties. The Qamchuqa Formation in the Shaikhan oilfield consists mainly of dolomite with dolomitic limestone, and the average clay volume is about 13%; while Sarmord Formation composed of limestone and dolomitic limestone, the average clay volume in this formation is about 19%; also the Garagu Formation consists mainly of limestone and dolomitic limestone in addition to sandstone and claystone, the volume of clay in the Garagu Formation is about 20%. Pickett plot method is used to calculate formation water resistivity (Rw), saturation exponent (n) and cementation exponent (m) the values are 0.065ohm, 2, and 2.06 respectively. The porosity ratio (Ø) of the Qamchuqa Formation ranges between 7-15%; this indicates that the lower part of the formation has a poor-fair porosity (7%), while the upper part of the formation has a good porosity (15%). The porosity value decrease toward Sarmord Formation especially in the lower part of the formation, it has a poor porosity (5%), whereas this value reaches to 13% in the upper part of the formation, indicates for fair porosity. Garagu Formation has good porosity, reaches 20% in the lower part, but in the upper part of the formation, this value decreases to 3%. Water saturation (Sw) value which is calculated by Archie equation ranges between 14-33%, while saturation in the flushed zone (Sxo) ranges between 52-73%, these indicate for good movable hydrocarbons are present in the studied interval (840-1320m), and from the total 480m the Early Cretaceous formations in well Shaikhan-8 have 178m pay. 

scholarly journals Petrophysical Properties and Well Log Interpretations of Tertiary Reservoir in Khabaz Oil Field / Northern Iraq

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 18-34
Author(s):  
Yousif Najeeb Abdul-majeed ◽  
Ahmad Abdullah Ramadhan ◽  
Ahmed Jubiar Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Water Saturation ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Neutron Density ◽  
Petrophysical Properties ◽  
Secondary Porosity ◽  
Northern Iraq ◽  
Sonic Log ◽  
Oil Concentration

The aim of this study is interpretation well logs to determine Petrophysical properties of tertiary reservoir in Khabaz oil field using IP software (V.3.5). The study consisted of seven wells which distributed in Khabaz oilfield. Tertiary reservoir composed from mainly several reservoir units. These units are : Jeribe, Unit (A), Unit (A'), Unit (B), Unit (BE), Unit (E),the Unit (B) considers best reservoir unit because it has good Petrophysical properties (low water saturation and high porous media ) with high existence of hydrocarbon in this unit. Several well logging tools such as Neutron, Density, and Sonic log were used to identify total porosity, secondary porosity, and effective porosity in tertiary reservoir. For Lithological identification for tertiary reservoir units using (NPHI-RHOB) cross plot composed of dolomitic-limestone and mineralogical identification using (M/N) cross plot consist of calcite and dolomite. Shale content was estimated less than (8%) for all wells in Khabaz field. CPI results were applied for all wells in Khabaz field which be clarified movable oil concentration in specific units are: Unit (B), Unit (A') , small interval of Jeribe formation , and upper part of Unit (EB).

scholarly journals Petrophysical Properties and Digenetic Evolution of Shuaiba Formation in Nasiriyah Oil Field, Southern Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 4810-4818
Author(s):  
Marwah H. Khudhair
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Neutron Density ◽  
Petrophysical Properties ◽  
Secondary Porosity ◽  
Primary Porosity ◽  
Gamma Ray Log

     Shuaiba Formation is a carbonate succession deposited within Aptian Sequences. This research deals with the petrophysical and reservoir characterizations characteristics of the interval of interest in five wells of the Nasiriyah oil field. The petrophysical properties were determined by using different types of well logs, such as electric logs (LLS, LLD, MFSL), porosity logs (neutron, density, sonic), as well as gamma ray log. The studied sequence was mostly affected by dolomitization, which changed the lithology of the formation to dolostone and enhanced the secondary porosity that replaced the primary porosity. Depending on gamma ray log response and the shale volume, the formation is classified into three zones. These zones are A, B, and C, each can be split into three rock intervals in respect to the bulk porosity measurements. The resulted porosity intervals are: (I) High to medium effective porosity, (II) High to medium inactive porosity, and (III) Low or non-porosity intervals. In relevance to porosity, resistivity, and water saturation points of view, there are two main reservoir horizon intervals within Shuaiba Formation. Both horizons appear in the middle part of the formation, being located within the wells Ns-1, 2, and 3. These intervals are attributed to high to medium effective porosity, low shale content, and high values of the deep resistivity logs. The second horizon appears clearly in Ns-2 well only.

scholarly journals Petrophysical Analysis of Well Logs for Asmari Reservoir in Abu Ghirab Oil Field, South Eastern Iraq

2020 ◽  
pp. 2979-2990
Author(s):  
Buraq Adnan Al-Baldawi
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Bulk Water ◽  
Computer Processing ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
Asmari Formation ◽  
Petrophysical Properties ◽  
Resistivity Logs ◽  
Environmental Corrections

The present study includes the evaluation of petrophysical properties and lithological examination in two wells of Asmari Formation in Abu Ghirab oil field (AG-32 and AG-36), Missan governorate, southeastern Iraq. The petrophysical assessment was performed utilizing well logs information to characterize Asmari Formation. The well logs available, such as sonic, density, neutron, gamma ray, SP, and resistivity logs, were converted into computerized data using Neuralog programming. Using Interactive petrophysics software, the environmental corrections and reservoir parameters such as porosity, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, volume of bulk water, etc. were analyzed and interpreted. Lithological, mineralogical, and matrix recognition studies were performed using porosity combination cross plots. Petrophysical characteristics were determined and plotted as computer processing interpretation (CPI) using Interactive Petrophysics program. Based on petrophysical properties, Asmari Reservoir in Abu Ghirab oil field is classified into three sub formations: Jeribe/ Euphrates and Kirkuk group which is divided into two zones: upper Kirkuk zone, and Middle-Lower Kirkuk zone. Interpretation of well logs of Asmari Formation indicated a commercial Asmari Formation production with medium oil evidence in some ranges of the formation, especially in the upper Kirkuk zone at well X-1. However, well X-2, especially in the lower part of Jeribe/ Euphrates and Middle-Lower Kirkuk zone indicated low to medium oil evidence. Lithology of Asmari Formation demonstrated a range from massive dolomite in Jeribe/ Euphrates zone to limestone in upper Kirkuk zone and limestone and sandstone in middle-lower Kirkuk zone, whereas mineralogy of the reservoir showed calcite and dolomite with few amounts of anhydrite.

scholarly journals Petrophysical Properties of Khasib Formation in East Baghdad Oil Field Southern Area

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Layth Abdulmalik Jameel ◽  
Fadhil S. Kadhim ◽  
Hussein Al-Sudani
Keyword(s):  
Water Saturation ◽  
High Water ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Neutron Density ◽  
Well Log ◽  
Petrophysical Properties ◽  
Shale Volume ◽  
Southern Area ◽  
Volume Porosity ◽  
Well Log Analysis

Petrophysical properties evaluation from well log analysis has always been crucial for the identification and assessment of hydrocarbon bearing zones. East Baghdad field is located 10 km east of Baghdad city, where the southern area includes the two southern portions of the field, Khasib formation is the main reservoir of East Baghdad oil field. In this paper, well log data of nine wells have been environmentally corrected, where the corrected data used to determine lithology, shale volume, porosity, and water saturation. Lithology identified by two methods; neutron-density and M-N matrix plots, while the shale volume estimated by single shale indicator and dual shale indicator, The porosity is calculated from the three common porosity logs; density log, neutron log, and sonic log, the water saturation is calculated by Indonesian model and Archie equation, and the results of the two methods were compared with the available core data to check the validity of the calculation. The results show that the main lithology in the reservoir is limestone, shale volume ranged between 0.152 to 0.249, porosity between 0.147 to 0.220, and water saturation from 0.627 to 0.966, the high-water saturation indicate that the water quantity is the determining factor of the reservoir units.

scholarly journals EVALUATION THE CALCULATION OF WATERSATURATION WITH SIMANDOUX AND INDONESIA METHOD IN THE P LAYER R FIELD

PETRO ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Puri Wijayanti ◽  
Ratnayu Sitaresmi ◽  
Guntur Herlambang Wijanarko
Keyword(s):  
Water Saturation ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Log Analysis ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Porosity Formation ◽  
Shale Volume ◽  
A Value ◽  
Average Water ◽  
Formation Water Resistivity ◽  
Water Resistivity

Logging Interpretation aims to determine petrophysical parameters such as volume shale, porosity, formation water resistivity used to calculate water saturation values. In this study the wells analyzed were four exploration wells. Log analysis carried out in this well is in the form of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The average shale volume in KML-1, KML-2, KML-3 and KML-4 wells is respectively 0.172, 0.132, 0.167 and 0.115. The average effective porosity of KML-1, KML-2, KML-3 and KML-4  wells is 0.236, 0.268, 0.219 and 0.225 respectively. The values of a, m and n follow the lithology of the well, namely limestone (carbonate) with a value of 1, 2 and 2. The value of Rw is obtained from the Pickett Plot Method that is equal to 1.52 Ωm on KML-1, 1.52 Ωm on KML-2, 1 , 52 Ωm on KML-3 and 0.5 Ωm on KML-4. The average water saturation with the Simandoux Method in KML-1, KML-2, KML-3 and KML-4 wells is 0.336, 0.434, 0.670 and 0.397. While the average water saturation value with the Indonesian Method in KML-1, KML-2, KML-3 and KML-4 wells is 0.439, 0.488, 0.723 and 0.440 respectively. From the comparison with S<sub>w</sub> Core, the Simandoux method is better used in calculating water saturation because the result is closer to the value of Sw Core.

scholarly journals A non-Archie water saturation method for conventional reservoirs based on generalization of Passey TOC model for unconventional reservoirs

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 3295-3308
Author(s):  
Moustafa Oraby
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Unconventional Reservoirs ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Open Hole ◽  
Formation Water Resistivity ◽  
Water Resistivity

Abstract The determination of the formation water saturation, Sw, is a continuous process throughout the life of the fields. Multiple water saturation models are developed to increase the accuracy of calculating this critical parameter for both open-hole and cased-hole wells. All current open-hole water saturation models require prior knowledge of some field parameters namely; formation water resistivity, Rw, clay volume, Vc and rock electrical properties (m, n). It is normally assumed that those reservoir parameters as either constant for the entire reservoir section or change by zones. This is obviously an impractical assumption especially for the (m) and (n) parameters. Also, when a reservoir is under water injection for enhanced oil recovery, the water salinity may change throughout the reservoir, based on the distribution of the reservoir permeability and the salinity of the injected water, resulting in a variable Rw. This case represents a real challenge to the existing water saturation models. In this paper, a methodology to determine water saturation without the need for prior knowledge of the formation water resistivity or the rock electrical properties is developed. This approach is a generalization of the Passey total organic carbon, TOC, model which is developed to determine the organic richness of the unconventional reservoirs. The scientific basis of the method, the modification required to be applied in conventional reservoirs, the proof of concept using forward modeled cases and actual field applications in sandstone and carbonate reservoirs are performed to examine the theoretical and the practical applications of the methodology. Excellent results are obtained and discussed.

CALIBRATED FORMATION WATER RESISTIVITY SENSOR

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Chen ◽  
◽  
Mahmut Sarili ◽  
Cong Wang ◽  
Koichi Naito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formation Water ◽  
Formation Water Resistivity ◽  
Water Resistivity

Determining Formation Water Resistivity From Chemical Analysis

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 373-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.J. Moore ◽  
S.E. Szasz ◽  
B.F. Whitney
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Formation Water ◽  
Formation Water Resistivity ◽  
Water Resistivity

scholarly journals Geological modeling of a hydrocarbon reservoir in the northeastern Llanos Orientales basin of Colombia

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Juliana Rojas Cárdenas ◽  
Indira Molina
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Petrophysical Properties ◽  
Hydrocarbon Reservoir ◽  
A Value ◽  
Structural Surface ◽  
Geologic Model ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Original Oil In Place ◽  
Operating Company

An hydrocarbon reservoir was characterized via a detailed geologic model, which allowed estimation of the original oil in place. The study characterizes a hydrocarbon reservoir of two fields of unit C7 of the Carbonera Formation within the Llanos Orientales basin of Colombia. This was done using well logs, the structural surface of the regional datum of the area, segments of the Yuca fault and a local fault of the reservoir, the  permeability equation, and J functions of the reservoir provided by the operating company. With this  information, a two-fault model and a grid with 3D cells was created. Each cell was assigned with a value of facies and petrophysical properties: porosity, permeability, and water saturation, to obtain a 3D model of  facies and petrophysical properties. Subsequently, we used the constructed models and oil-water contacts to  calculate the original oil in place for each field. Field 1 has a volume of six million barrels of oil and field 2 has  9 million barrels. 

scholarly journals An Integrated Microfacies and Well Logs-Based Reservoir Characterization of Yamama Formation, Southern Iraq

2021 ◽  
pp. 3570-3586
Author(s):  
Mohanad M. Al-Ghuribawi ◽  
Rasha F. Faisal
Keyword(s):  
Reservoir Characterization ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Effective Porosity ◽  
Well Logs ◽  
Petrophysical Properties ◽  
Reservoir Properties ◽  
Thin Sections ◽  
Porosity And Permeability ◽  
South Of Iraq ◽  
Southern Iraq

     The Yamama Formation includes important carbonates reservoir that belongs to the Lower Cretaceous sequence in Southern Iraq. This study covers two oil fields (Sindbad and Siba) that are distributed Southeastern Basrah Governorate, South of Iraq. Yamama reservoir units were determined based on the study of cores, well logs, and petrographic examination of thin sections that required a detailed integration of geological data and petrophysical properties. These parameters were integrated in order to divide the Yamama Formation into six reservoir units (YA0, YA1, YA2, YB1, YB2 and YC), located between five cap rock units. The best facies association and petrophysical properties were found in the shoal environment, where the most common porosity types were the primary (interparticle) and secondary (moldic and vugs) . The main diagenetic process that occurred in YA0, YA2, and YB1 is cementation, which led to the filling of pore spaces by cement and subsequently decreased the reservoir quality (porosity and permeability). Based on the results of the final digital  computer interpretation and processing (CPI) performed by using the Techlog software, the units YA1 and YB2 have the best reservoir properties. The unit YB2 is characterized by a good effective porosity average, low water saturation, good permeability, and large thickness that distinguish it from other reservoir units.

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