Petrophysical Analysis of Well Logs for Asmari Reservoir in Abu Ghirab Oil Field, South Eastern Iraq

The present study includes the evaluation of petrophysical properties and lithological examination in two wells of Asmari Formation in Abu Ghirab oil field (AG-32 and AG-36), Missan governorate, southeastern Iraq. The petrophysical assessment was performed utilizing well logs information to characterize Asmari Formation. The well logs available, such as sonic, density, neutron, gamma ray, SP, and resistivity logs, were converted into computerized data using Neuralog programming. Using Interactive petrophysics software, the environmental corrections and reservoir parameters such as porosity, water saturation, hydrocarbon saturation, volume of bulk water, etc. were analyzed and interpreted. Lithological, mineralogical, and matrix recognition studies were performed using porosity combination cross plots. Petrophysical characteristics were determined and plotted as computer processing interpretation (CPI) using Interactive Petrophysics program. Based on petrophysical properties, Asmari Reservoir in Abu Ghirab oil field is classified into three sub formations: Jeribe/ Euphrates and Kirkuk group which is divided into two zones: upper Kirkuk zone, and Middle-Lower Kirkuk zone. Interpretation of well logs of Asmari Formation indicated a commercial Asmari Formation production with medium oil evidence in some ranges of the formation, especially in the upper Kirkuk zone at well X-1. However, well X-2, especially in the lower part of Jeribe/ Euphrates and Middle-Lower Kirkuk zone indicated low to medium oil evidence. Lithology of Asmari Formation demonstrated a range from massive dolomite in Jeribe/ Euphrates zone to limestone in upper Kirkuk zone and limestone and sandstone in middle-lower Kirkuk zone, whereas mineralogy of the reservoir showed calcite and dolomite with few amounts of anhydrite.

Improving Sea Level Anomaly Precision from Satellite Altimetry Using Parameter Correction in the Red Sea

An improved Fourier series model (FSM01) method is used in geophysical and environmental corrections to enhance the final product of the along-track Jason-2 sea level anomaly (SLA) data and extend it near the Red Sea borders. In this study, the ionospheric correction range, wet tropospheric correction range, sea state bias correction range, and dry tropospheric correction range are enhanced and improved using FSM01, which helped to retrieve three more tracks (106, 170, and 234) earlier neglected by the distribution centers and extend the tracks toward the coast. The FSM01 SLA is compared with Jason-2 SLA and Archiving Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic (AVISO) SLA for the available five tracks, in which the FSM01 SLA shows a good agreement and higher correlation with the Jason-2 SLA compared with that of AVISO, in addition to filling the gaps in the times series of all tracks. The newly retrieved tracks are also compared with those retrieved by AVISO, and both data points show similar variability, with FSM01 SLA showing no gaps in the time series. The FSM01 SLA was also extended toward the coast and showed high correlation with the coastal tide measurements.

Improving Sea Level Anomaly Precision from Satellite Altimetry Using Parameters Correction in the Red Sea

An improved FSM method is used in geophysical and environmental corrections to enhance the final product of the along track Jason-2 SLA data and extend it near the Red Sea borders. In this study the ionospheric correction range, wet tropospheric correction range, sea state bias correction range and dry tropospheric correction range are enhanced and improved using FSM01, which helped to retrieve three more tracks (106, 170 and 234), earlier neglected by the distribution centers, and extend the tracks towards the coast. The FSM01 SLA is compared with Jason-2 SLA and AVISO SLA for the available 5 tracks, in which the FSM01 SLA show a good agreement and higher correlation with the Jason-2 SLA compared with that of AVISO, in addition to that it fills the gaps in the times series of all tracks. The new retrieved tracks also compared with those retrieved by AVISO, both data show similar variability, with FSM01 SLA show no gaps in the time series. The FSM01 SLA also extended towards the coast and show high correlation with the coastal tide measurements.

Utilizing a Risk of Crime Measure for Recidivism Research: Moving Environmental Corrections Forward

The current study expands recidivism research by developing a risk of crime (ROC) measure rooted in environmental criminology, reflecting the risk of criminal opportunities, and lending itself to environmental corrections. Data were collected from a city in the Northeast region of the United States. The ROC measure was constructed through risk terrain modeling and reflected a parolee-specific neighborhood ROC. Conjunctive analysis of case configurations was utilized to explore how individual characteristics interacted with the ROC measure. Results indicated a relationship between parolees residing in an elevated ROC neighborhood and the likelihood of recidivism. The results were discussed in relation to how environmental criminology could be further integrated into environmental corrections, accounting for physical and social characteristics of the backcloth.

Petrophysical properties of the Lower Cretaceous formations in the Shaikhan oilfield, northern Iraq

The current study represents an evaluation of the petrophysical properties in the well Shaikhan-8 for the Garagu, Sarmord and Qamchuqa formations in Shaikhan oilfield, Duhok basin, northern Iraq. The petrophysical evaluation is based on well logs data to delineate the reservoir characteristics. The environmental corrections and petrophysical parameters such as porosity, water saturation, and hydrocarbon saturation are computed and interpreted using Interactive Petrophysics (IP) program. Neutron-density crossplot is used to identify lithological properties. The Qamchuqa Formation in the Shaikhan oilfield consists mainly of dolomite with dolomitic limestone, and the average clay volume is about 13%; while Sarmord Formation composed of limestone and dolomitic limestone, the average clay volume in this formation is about 19%; also the Garagu Formation consists mainly of limestone and dolomitic limestone in addition to sandstone and claystone, the volume of clay in the Garagu Formation is about 20%. Pickett plot method is used to calculate formation water resistivity (Rw), saturation exponent (n) and cementation exponent (m) the values are 0.065ohm, 2, and 2.06 respectively. The porosity ratio (Ø) of the Qamchuqa Formation ranges between 7-15%; this indicates that the lower part of the formation has a poor-fair porosity (7%), while the upper part of the formation has a good porosity (15%). The porosity value decrease toward Sarmord Formation especially in the lower part of the formation, it has a poor porosity (5%), whereas this value reaches to 13% in the upper part of the formation, indicates for fair porosity. Garagu Formation has good porosity, reaches 20% in the lower part, but in the upper part of the formation, this value decreases to 3%. Water saturation (Sw) value which is calculated by Archie equation ranges between 14-33%, while saturation in the flushed zone (Sxo) ranges between 52-73%, these indicate for good movable hydrocarbons are present in the studied interval (840-1320m), and from the total 480m the Early Cretaceous formations in well Shaikhan-8 have 178m pay.