Economic injury level for the flower thrips Frankliniella cf. gardeniae Moulton (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) in mango

Mango is a tropical fruit with great production and market worldwide. In Colombia, it is an important crop with high export potential. There are many arthropods affecting mango production, such as thrips that feed on leaves, flowers, and small fruits, causing damage such as deformations, scars, and premature fall of fruits. This study aimed to establish the economic injury level (EIL) of Frankliniella cf. gardenia Moulton in mango (Mangifera indica L. var. yulima and var. tommy) in Guamo and San Luis (Tolima, Colombia). The methods employed included a weekly sampling of thrips in mango inflorescences during two productive periods (B-2015 and B-2016) using the structure tapping technique in a deep tray with mesh. Three preliminary thresholds per productive period were established: [B-2015: ≥10 thrips per inflorescence (TpI), ≥30 TpI, and ≥60 TpI. B-2016: ≥5 TpI, ≥10 TpI, and ≥15 TpI]. The variables density, costs, and yield were recorded. The EIL was calculated statistically using linear regressions and the final action threshold was estimated. An EIL of 11 TpI and an action threshold of 7 TpI were estimated for var. tommy in Guamo in the second semester of 2016. There was a risk of losing 220 kg ha-1 for each increase in insect unit in var. tommy. Therefore, thrips in mango behaved as an occasional pest, requiring control in var. tommy in Guamo, when the crop is flowering, and the population exceeds the action threshold of 7 TpI.

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The economic injury level and action threshold in stored-product systems

Stewart Postharvest Review ◽

10.2212/spr.2011.3.3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Economic Injury Level ◽

Product Systems ◽

Action Threshold ◽

Economic Injury

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Managing cabbage seedpod weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in canola (Brassicaceae) – are Lygus (Hemiptera: Miridae) affected?

The Canadian Entomologist ◽

10.4039/tce.2018.57 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 151 (1) ◽

pp. 85-93

Author(s):

H.A. Cárcamo ◽

S.B. Meers ◽

C.E. Herle

Keyword(s):

Insect Pest ◽

Economic Injury Level ◽

Action Threshold ◽

Southern Alberta ◽

Economic Injury ◽

Flower Stage ◽

Significant Yield ◽

Cabbage Seedpod Weevil ◽

The Impact ◽

Early Flower

AbstractCabbage seedpod weevil (Ceutorhynchus obstrictus Marsham; Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and Lygus Hahn (Hemiptera: Miridae) species are part of the late season insect pest complex of canola (Brassica Linnaeus; Brassicacea) in the southern prairies of Canada. From 2010 to 2013, large strips in 73 commercial fields were studied in southern Alberta to validate action thresholds for cabbage seedpod weevil and assess the impact of insecticide spraying at the early flower stage for cabbage seedpod weevils on abundance of Lygus at the pod stage. Only fields planted in April accumulated the damaging populations of cabbage seedpod weevils, such that the application of an insecticide resulted in significant yield protection. The economic injury level for the cabbage seedpod weevil was calculated at 20 cabbage seedpod weevils per 10 sweeps, but an action threshold of 25–40 is recommended because sampling mainly occurs along the edge where cabbage seedpod weevils are initially concentrated. At the pod stage, Lygus were lower in strips sprayed with insecticides at the early flower stage than in those not sprayed, but the differences were not statistically significant. Furthermore, Lygus were generally below economically damaging levels in early seeded fields. Therefore, there is no benefit of spraying early seeded fields to attempt to prevent Lygus outbreaks when cabbage seedpod weevils are below thresholds because Lygus may pose a risk only in fields planted later in the season.

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Economic Injury Level, Action Threshold, and a Yield-loss Model for the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Homoptera: Aphididae), on Green Peas, Pisum sativum

Journal of Economic Entomology ◽

10.1093/jee/79.6.1681 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 79 (6) ◽

pp. 1681-1687 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

G. C. Yencho ◽

L. W. Getzin ◽

Garrell E. Lono

Keyword(s):

Pisum Sativum ◽

Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽

Yield Loss ◽

Pea Aphid ◽

Economic Injury Level ◽

Loss Model ◽

Action Threshold ◽

Economic Injury ◽

Green Peas

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Perception and Use of Economic Thresholds Among Farmers and Agricultural Professionals: A Case Study on Soybean Aphid in Minnesota

Journal of Integrated Pest Management ◽

10.1093/jipm/pmab003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Natalie Hoidal ◽

Robert L Koch

Keyword(s):

Soybean Aphid ◽

Educational Outreach ◽

Economic Injury Level ◽

Economic Thresholds ◽

Foundational Principle ◽

Economic Injury ◽

Fundamental Misunderstanding ◽

The Difference ◽

Commercial Pesticide ◽

Agricultural Professionals

Abstract Economic thresholds (ETs) are a foundational principle of integrated pest management but are not always widely accepted by farmers and agricultural professionals. This article reports on a survey of Minnesota farmer and agricultural professional perceptions of the ET for soybean aphid, Aphis glycines Matsumura (Hempitera: Aphididae). We discuss insights for Extension programs on how to frame the importance of thresholds and teach stakeholders to use them effectively. Key takeaways include farmers and agricultural professionals often worry about combined effects of insect, disease, and physiological pressures, whereas effects of interactions with these other stressors are seldom discussed in educational outreach. Across groups, there is a fundamental misunderstanding about the difference between ETs and economic injury level. Many survey participants reported believing in the ET but lacked the time and capacity to fully implement it. Sales agronomists and farmers were the least likely groups to trust the university-determined soybean aphid ET, whereas commercial pesticide applicators and independent consultants were the most likely groups to trust it. Based on these results, we recommend adapting communication about ETs based on the target audience to address common misconceptions and barriers to ET use that are unique to each group.

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Economic injury level for Tetranychus urticae Koch on parthenocarpic cucumber under protected environment in north-western Indian Himalayas

Phytoparasitica ◽

10.1007/s12600-021-00912-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Dilip Shriram Ghongade ◽

Ajay Kumar Sood

Keyword(s):

Tetranychus Urticae ◽

Economic Injury Level ◽

Economic Injury ◽

Tetranychus Urticae Koch ◽

North Western ◽

Indian Himalayas

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The ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango genome reveals candidate genes for fruit quality

BMC Plant Biology ◽

10.1186/s12870-021-02858-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ian S. E. Bally ◽

◽

Aureliano Bombarely ◽

Alan H. Chambers ◽

Yuval Cohen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candidate Genes ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

De Novo ◽

Mapping Population ◽

Mangifera Indica ◽

Consensus Sequence ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Hybrid Population ◽

High Molecular Weight Dna ◽

Tropical Fruit

Abstract Background Mango, Mangifera indica L., an important tropical fruit crop, is grown for its sweet and aromatic fruits. Past improvement of this species has predominantly relied on chance seedlings derived from over 1000 cultivars in the Indian sub-continent with a large variation for fruit size, yield, biotic and abiotic stress resistance, and fruit quality among other traits. Historically, mango has been an orphan crop with very limited molecular information. Only recently have molecular and genomics-based analyses enabled the creation of linkage maps, transcriptomes, and diversity analysis of large collections. Additionally, the combined analysis of genomic and phenotypic information is poised to improve mango breeding efficiency. Results This study sequenced, de novo assembled, analyzed, and annotated the genome of the monoembryonic mango cultivar ‘Tommy Atkins’. The draft genome sequence was generated using NRGene de-novo Magic on high molecular weight DNA of ‘Tommy Atkins’, supplemented by 10X Genomics long read sequencing to improve the initial assembly. A hybrid population between ‘Tommy Atkins’ x ‘Kensington Pride’ was used to generate phased haplotype chromosomes and a highly resolved phased SNP map. The final ‘Tommy Atkins’ genome assembly was a consensus sequence that included 20 pseudomolecules representing the 20 chromosomes of mango and included ~ 86% of the ~ 439 Mb haploid mango genome. Skim sequencing identified ~ 3.3 M SNPs using the ‘Tommy Atkins’ x ‘Kensington Pride’ mapping population. Repeat masking identified 26,616 genes with a median length of 3348 bp. A whole genome duplication analysis revealed an ancestral 65 MYA polyploidization event shared with Anacardium occidentale. Two regions, one on LG4 and one on LG7 containing 28 candidate genes, were associated with the commercially important fruit size characteristic in the mapping population. Conclusions The availability of the complete ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango genome will aid global initiatives to study mango genetics.

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