scholarly journals An Analysis of Variation Sources in Written Corrective Feedback Studies: What is the Next Step?

2020 ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Marisela Bonilla López
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Great Variability ◽  
Compelling Evidence ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Feedback Error ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Analysis Of Variation

While there is a significant amount of compelling evidence to support written corrective feedback (error correction), it is also acknowledged that research findings may not be applicable or conclusive enough given the great variability among studies. Nevertheless, no systematic attempt has been made to review and synthesize the extensive amount of literature to identify the sources that lead to such variation. This study aims to identify such variables. Results indicate that in a research base of 76 relevant publications, variations can be explained based on 11 main sources. Pursuant to these findings, this study sketches the main variance-related problems and outlines design recommendations to further expand L2 research and practice of error correction in Second Language Acquisition.  

scholarly journals The Differential Effect of Two Types of Direct Written Corrective Feedback on Noticing and Uptake: Reformulation vs. Error Correction

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Santos ◽  
Sonia López Serrano ◽  
Rosa M. Manchón
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Learning Potential ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Instructed Sla ◽  
Writing Task

Framed in a cognitively-oriented strand of research on corrective feedback (CF) in SLA, the controlled three- stage (composition/comparison-noticing/revision) study reported in this paper investigated the effects of two forms of direct CF (error correction and reformulation) on noticing and uptake, as evidenced in the written output produced by a group of 8 secondary school EFL learners. Noticing was operationalized as the amount of corrections noticed in the comparison stage of the writing task, whereas uptake was operationally defined as the type and amount of accurate revisions incorporated in the participants’ revised versions of their original texts. Results support previous research findings on the positive effects of written CF on noticing and uptake, with a clear advantage of error correction over reformulation as far as uptake was concerned. Data also point to the existence of individual differences in the way EFL learners process and make use of CF in their writing. These findings are discussed from the perspective of the light they shed on the learning potential of CF in instructed SLA, and suggestions for future research are put forward.

scholarly journals Toward a Motivation-Regulated Learner Engagement WCF Model of L2 Writing Performance

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 215824402110231
Author(s):  
Jui-Jung Tsao ◽  
Wen-Ta Tseng ◽  
Tsung-Yuan Hsiao ◽  
Chaochang Wang ◽  
Andy Xuesong Gao
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Learner Engagement ◽  
Writing Performance ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Writing Scores

Research has shown that the effectiveness of written corrective feedback (WCF) on writing performance depends on learners’ engagement with WCF and its associated motivational state. However, little research has examined the inner causal relationships between motivation, learner engagement with WCF, and writing performance. The current study fills the void in the existing literature by taking a structural equation modeling approach as the methodological framework. Two independent Chinese undergraduate samples partook in the pilot and formal phases of the study. The results showed that cultivation of an ideal self-image significantly promoted both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations and enhanced learners’ engagement with WCF, but ought-to self-image was found to have no such effects. Furthermore, both intrinsic motivation and learner engagement with WCF could directly influence writing scores, with the latter being more explanatory than the former. The implications of the research findings are provided and discussed.

Scaffolding student engagement with written corrective feedback: Transforming feedback sessions into learning affordances

2021 ◽  
pp. 136216882110409
Author(s):  
Chi-Duc Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Student Engagement ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Attentional Focus ◽  
Assessment Practice ◽  
Writing Conference ◽  
Teacher Student ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Future Learning

This study proposed a three-step writing conference in which foreign/second language (L2) students, under the guidance of their writing instructor, first fastened their attentional focus on a form-related error, analysed a collection of standard L2 samples to deduce the underlying knowledge, and then planned for their error correction as well as future learning of this knowledge. The ultimate goal of this formative assessment practice was to scaffold student engagement with written corrective feedback (WCF). Using a between-group experiment design, the present study compared the effects on the success rate of error correction and L2 uptake of the above writing conference ( n = 14) against those brought about by a typical Teacher–Student ( n = 12) and a typical Student–Student one ( n = 12). Research participants were 38 intermediate learners of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) recruited from three intact classes at a language-learning center in Vietnam. The suggested writing conference was indeed found to yield better error correction and L2 uptake than the other counterparts. A closer look at the students’ mental engagement with WCF revealed that such engagement was moderately correlated with their L2 uptake. These findings altogether suggest that student engagement with WCF should not be taken for granted or, in other words, this engagement should be contingently supported by the writing instructor in order to foster learning from WCF.

The relative effects of metalinguistic explanation and direct written corrective feedback on children’s grammatical accuracy in new writing

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Gorman ◽  
Rod Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Present Perfect ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Grammatical Accuracy ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Metalinguistic Knowledge ◽  
Group 1

Abstract There has been little research investigating the effects of form-focused instruction (FFI) on the second language acquisition of children. This article reports a quasi-experimental study of integrated form-focused instruction for 33 children aged 9–12 years. They completed four dictogloss tasks designed to elicit the use of the Present Perfect Tense and received instruction consisting of either explicit metalinguistic explanation (group 1), direct written correction (group 2) or no form-focused instruction (the comparison group) between performing the tasks. Accuracy in the production of the target structure across the four tasks was variable and showed no improvement from the first to the last. Nor were there any statistically significant differences in accuracy among the three groups. The results support some earlier studies of young children (e.g. Fazio, 2001) that have failed to show that FFI benefits young children. This may be because children fail to make use of their metalinguistic knowledge of grammatical features when undertaking meaning-focused writing tasks.

The Effects of Written Corrective Feedback on Chinese EFL Learners’ Acquisition of English Collocations

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Lin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Second Language Acquisition ◽  
Language Acquisition ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Facilitative Role

AbstractThe role of written corrective feedback (CF) in the process of acquiring a second language (L2) has been an issue of considerable controversies over past decades. This study thus endeavors to extend current work on written CF by investigating and comparing the effect on collocation learning of one traditional type of feedback—direct corrective feedback (DCF)—with an innovative type of error correction, feedback provided within context—situated feedback (SF). The effects of the two types of written feedback were measured by examining the accurate use of target collocations in a translation test and a multiple choice test completed by 73 intermediate EFL students in China. Three groups were formed: a DCF group, an SF group, and a control group. The study found that both treatment groups outperformed the control group in the posttests and delayed posttests and that there were significant advantages of the SF group in comparison to the DCF group in both posttests. The results suggested that the provision of written CF was helpful for collocation learning and that situational context could promote the facilitative role of written CF in language acquisition. These findings are discussed from the perspectives of both second language acquisition (SLA) theory and language pedagogy and implications for future research efforts are put forward.

scholarly journals Teachers’ Corrective Feedback Strategies in Assessing Essay Writing

2018 ◽  
pp. 208-212
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Error Correction ◽  
English Language ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Esl Teachers ◽  
Essay Writing ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Feedback Strategies ◽  
English Language Teachers

Feedback has been an important topic of discussion in language learning. Although research on written corrective feedback is available, there is little research on the specific strategies employed by teachers in order to provide feedback on their students’ essay writing. This paper reports part of a larger research. One of the objectives of this study was to explore corrective feedback strategies employed by the English as a second language (ESL) teachers and English language expert raters when assessing their students’ written essays. This study used qualitative case study which involved 12 participants. Data were collected through interviewing nine English language teachers and three English language expert raters to obtain their pedagogic practices in providing written corrective feedback. The strategies identified are based on Ellis’s typology of strategies for providing written corrective feedback. The findings showed that the preferred written corrective feedback strategy used by the teachers and raters was Metalinguistic Corrective Feedback with Direct Corrective Feedback and Focused Corrective Feedback used by only a few of them. This study has pedagogical implications in that it explains the ESL teachers/expert raters’ pedagogical attitude and practices towards error correction and their preferred written corrective feedback strategies in dealing with error correction.

The role of task repetition with direct written corrective feedback in L2 writing complexity, accuracy and fluency

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sima Khezrlou
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Task Performance ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
L2 Writing ◽  
Task Repetition ◽  
Linguistic Form ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Initial Task ◽  
Writing Complexity

Abstract This study explored whether the effects of task repetition in drawing learners’ attention to linguistic form could be reinforced through the provision of two types of unfocused direct written corrective feedback. Fifty-seven learners formed three conditions: (1) task repetition with no feedback (TR, control), (2) task repetition with error correction (TR+EC), and (3) task repetition with reformulation (TR+R). All groups repeated an identical writing narrative task but only the experimental groups received feedback after their initial task performance. All participants were then asked to complete a new task of the same type followed by a new task of a different type. Performance was gauged by multiple measures of complexity, accuracy and fluency. Results revealed the persistent superiority of the TR+EC condition on all measures of accuracy while the TR+R condition led to immediate written complexity improvement regarding subordination. Furthermore, both the TR+R and TR conditions resulted in delayed fluency gains.

Introduction to Written Corrective Feedback for L2 Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
L2 Development ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Three Stages

In this chapter, written CF is defined, and then how written CF can contribute to each of the three stages of L2 development is presented. By comparing corrective feedback in a written context to an oral context, the conclusion is made that written context is a better platform for L2 development. After presenting the underpinning theoretical frameworks, including information processing theories and socio-cultural theories, this chapter provides the research findings up to date to prove the effectiveness of written CF provided in both of the approaches. Last but not the least, this chapter highlights the questions remained in this field, which justifies the necessity and importance of further written CF research.

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