scholarly journals REVIEW ON WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND KEY THREATS IN RWANDA, EAST AFRICA

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Mukanyandwi ◽  
Lamek Nahayo ◽  
Egide Hakorimana ◽  
Aboubakar Gasirabo ◽  
Shinebayar Otgon
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Management Measures ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources ◽  
Over Time

Water is important for human health, industry, agriculture and ensuring the integrity and sustainability of the ecosystem. The water resources are the top affected by climate variability and population growth. The current population of Rwanda is about 12 million heading to about 25 million in 2050 under the changing climate, where since 1970 temperature rose by 1.4°C and is predicted that in 2050 to be about 2.5°C with severe effects on water resources in Rwanda. Thereby, this study reviewed the status and causes of water quality problems and suggested appropriate options to undertake for sustainable water resources access, employ and management in Rwanda. It was noticed that among others, the key threats to water quality in Rwanda, include not limited to climate change causing rainfall patterns which generated flooding, landslides and periodic droughts, which loaded pollutants into water. In addition, water quality is jeopardized by the rapid population growth, agrochemicals, industrialization, urbanization, soil steepness and land mismanagement. Accordingly, the reviewed water quality indicate that the water quality pollution likelihood is increasing over time. These facts reveal that the water quality soon or late will be highly polluted and calls for further adaptation and management measures.

Glaciohydrology of the Himalaya-Karakoram

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. eabf3668
Author(s):  
Mohd. Farooq Azam ◽  
Jeffrey S. Kargel ◽  
Joseph M. Shea ◽  
Santosh Nepal ◽  
Umesh K. Haritashya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Snow Melt ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Critical Knowledge ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
The Himalaya ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources

Understanding the response of Himalayan-Karakoram (HK) rivers to climate change is crucial for ~1 billion people who partly depend on these water resources. Policymakers tasked with the sustainable water resources management for agriculture, hydropower, drinking, sanitation, and hazards require an assessment of rivers’ current status and potential future changes. This review demonstrates that glacier and snow melt are important components of HK rivers, with greater hydrological importance for the Indus than Ganges and Brahmaputra basins. Total river runoff, glacier melt, and seasonality of flow are projected to increase until the 2050s, with some exceptions and large uncertainties. Critical knowledge gaps severely affect modeled contributions of different runoff components, future runoff volumes and seasonality. Therefore, comprehensive field- and remote sensing-based methods and models are needed.

scholarly journals Rural people's intention to adopt sustainable water management by rainwater harvesting practices: application of TPB and HBM models

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 1847-1861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vahid Aliabadi ◽  
Saeed Gholamrezai ◽  
Pouria Ataei
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Management ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Intention To Adopt ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources Management ◽  
Sustainable Water Resources

Abstract Water is the prerequisite for human adaptation to climate change and is the key link among climatic conditions, humans, and the environment. Human behavior can mitigate the impacts of climate change. The present study aimed to evaluate rural people's readiness for sustainable management of water resources. To achieve this goal, the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Health Belief Model (HBM) were used as the research framework. The research instrument was a closed-end questionnaire developed on the basis of TPB and HBM. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by a panel of experts in sustainable agriculture. Its reliability was also checked in a pilot study by calculating Cronbach's alpha, the average variance extracted (AVE), R2, and composite reliability (CR). The research sample was composed of 480 villagers from Hamadan province, Iran, who were familiar with sustainable water resources management in the context of the rooftop rainwater harvesting project. The results showed that in TPB, the variables of moral norms, attitude, and self-identity could account for 61 percent of the variance in rural people's intention to adopt the practices of sustainable water resources management. Based on HBM, the variables of perceived benefits, perceived susceptibility, and perceived severity could capture 49 percent of this variance. The results revealed that both theories had the potential to predict rural people's intention to engage in the sustainable management of water resources, but TPB proved to provide a more robust prediction than HBM.

scholarly journals Rapid Population Growth in Chinese Floodplains from 1990 to 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqiang Fang ◽  
Shiqiang Du ◽  
Paolo Scussolini ◽  
Jiahong Wen ◽  
Chunyang He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Flood Risk ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Spatiotemporal Pattern ◽  
Rapid Population Growth ◽  
Over Time

Although China suffers from frequent and disastrous floods, the spatiotemporal pattern of its population living in the floodplain (PopF) is still unknown. This strongly limits our understanding of flood risk and the effectiveness of mitigation efforts. Here we present the first quantification of Chinese PopF and its dynamics, based on newly-available population datasets for years 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2015 and on a flood map. We found that the PopF in 2015 was 453.3 million and accounted for 33.0% of the total population, with a population density 3.6 times higher than outside floodplains. From 1990 to 2015, the PopF increased by 1.3% annually, overwhelmingly faster than elsewhere (0.5%). A rising proportion (from 53.2% in 1990 to 55.6% in 2015) of the PopF resided in flood zones deeper than 2 m. Moreover, the PopF is expected to increase rapidly in the coming decades. We also found the effect of flood memory on controlling PopF growth and its decay over time. These findings imply an exacerbating flood risk in China, which is concerning in the light of climate change and rapid socioeconomic development.

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