As part of an ongoing genus-level revision of Xyleborini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae: Scolytinae), we combined a recent molecular phylogenetic analysis of the tribe (Cognato et al., 2011) with extensive analysis of morphological characters (over 44,000 representatives of 281 putative species of Xyleborini examined, including 264 types). For the first time, an operational species concept of Xyleborini is explicitly addressed. The following new genera are proposed: Debus Hulcr and Cognato, gen. n.Fortiborus Hulcr and Cognato, gen. n.Planiculus Hulcr and Cognato, gen. n.Truncaudum Hulcr and Cognato, gen. n.Wallacellus Hulcr and Cognato, gen. n. Thirty one new combinations and 29 synonymies are given. Cyclorhipidion pelliculosum (Eichhoff), comb. n.Cyclorhipidion sus (Schedl), comb. n.Debus adusticollis (Motschulsky), comb. n.Debus emarginatus (Eichhoff), comb. n.Debus fallax (Eichhoff), comb. n. (=Xyleborus fastigatus Schedl, syn. n.)Debus pseudocylindricus (Eggers) comb. n.Debus pumilus (Eggers), comb. n. (=Xyleborus ipidia Schedl, syn. n., =Xyleborus cylindricus Eggers, syn. n.)Debus spinicornis (Schedl), comb. n.Euwallacea funereus (Lea), comb. n.Fortiborus anisopterae (Browne), comb. n.Fortiborus indigens (Schedl), comb. n.Fortiborus major (Stebbing), comb. n. (=Xyleborus siclus Schedl syn. n.)Fortiborus pilifer (Eggers), comb. n.(= Xyleborus pseudopilifer Schedl, syn. n.)Fortiborus sulcinoides (Schedl), comb. n.Microperus diversicolor (Eggers), comb. n. (Coptodryas atava (Schedl), syn. n., =Microperus myristicae (Schedl) syn. n.)Microperus intermedius (Eggers), comb. n. (=Coptodryas nitella (Browne), syn. n.)Microperus parvus (Lea), comb. n. (=Coptodryas libra (Eggers), syn. n., =Coptodryas pubipennis (Schedl), syn. n.)Microperus pometianus (Schedl), comb. n.Planiculus aries (Schedl), comb. n.Planiculus bicolor (Blandford), comb. n. (=Euwallacea filiformis (Schedl), syn. n., =Euwallacea laevis (Eggers), syn. n., =Euwallacea tumidus (Schedl), syn. n., =Xyleborus glabratulus Browne, syn. n.)Planiculus immersus (Schedl), comb. n. (=Xyleborus hashimotoi Browne, syn. n.)Planiculus limatus (Schedl), comb. n. (=Euwallacea subemarginatus (Eggers), syn. n., Euwallacea subparallelus (Eggers), syn. n.)Truncaudum agnatum (Eggers), comb. n. (=Cyclorhipidion delicatum (Schedl), syn. n., =Cyclorhipidion subagnatum Wood, syn. n., =Xyleborus gratiosus Schedl, syn. n.)Truncaudum impexum (Schedl), comb. n. (=Xyleborus dentatulus Browne, syn. n., =Xyleborus circumspinosus Schedl, syn. n., =Xyleborus falcarius Schedl, syn. n., =Xyleborus subdentatulus Browne, syn. n., =Xyleborus vernaculus Schedl, syn. n., =Xyleborus putputensis Browne, syn. n.)Truncaudum longior (Eggers), comb. n. (=Xyleborus canarivorus Browne, syn. n., =Xyleborus protii Browne, syn. n., =Xyleborus viaticus Schedl, syn. n.)Wallacellus piceus (Motschulsky), comb. n.Wallacellus similis (Ferrari), comb. n.Wallacellus striatulus (Browne), comb. n.The following species are given new status:Cyclorhipidion perlaetum (Schedl), resurrected replacement nameXyleborus judenkoi (Schedl), resurrected name. We confirm the generic status of Cyclorhipidion californicum (Wood), comb. n.