Introducing the brief version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-14) based on a large clinical sample

Theoretical background: The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) is a measurement tool that is commonly used to detect dysfunctional beliefs contributing to the emergence and onset of depressive symptoms. Although it has been primarily used for testing clinical populations, and various forms of the scale have been created, only a small body of literature has proved its psychometric adequacy on a clinical sample. Goals: Therefore, the current study aims to construct an updated, reliable and brief version of the DAS. Methods: For this purpose, besides the normal samples of adolescents (n = 195) and adults (n = 270), a heterogeneous clinical sample (n = 1077) was involved in cross-sectional research. Results: The overall results of parallel analysis and exploratory factor analysis suggested a bifactor structure with a general factor and three extracted subfactors (Dependence, Perfectionism and Entitlement), comprising 14 items altogether (χ2 = 157.26, DF = 63, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.970, TLI = 0.957, RMSEA = 0.036, RMSEA CI90 = 0.029–0.044). Convergent validity was tested by correlations with Beck Depression Inventory (r = 0.36, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study was based on the largest clinical sample in the field of psychometric analysis of the DAS so far. The findings suggest that DAS14 as a brief version of the original DAS has good psychometric properties, and it can be widely used as a measurement tool in the assessment of mood disorders.Elméleti háttér: A Diszfunkcionális Attitűd Skála (DAS) egy olyan pszichológiai kérdőíves eljárás, amely azon diszfunkcionális hiedelmek mérésére alkalmas, amelyek hozzájárulnak a depresszív tünetek kialakulásához és fennmaradásához. Annak ellenére, hogy már számos változata létezik és elsődleges használati területét a klinikai populáció jelenti, pszichometriai mutatóit klinikai mintán a kutatások szűk köre vizsgálta. Cél: Jelen tanulmány célja a DAS aktualizálása, rövidítése, megbízhatóságának és validitásának vizsgálata. Módszer: Keresztmetszeti kérdőíves vizsgálatunk keretében egészséges serdülő (n = 195) és felnőtt (n = 270) minta mellett heterogén klinikai mintát (n = 1077) alkalmaztunk. Eredmények: A parallelelemzés és a feltáró faktoranalízis eredményei a bifaktoros struktúrát igazolják. A 14 itemre egy általános és három alfaktor (Dependencia, Perfekcionizmus és Elvárások) illeszthető (χ2 = 157,26, DF = 63, p < 0.001; CFI = 0,970; TLI = 0,957; RMSEA = 0,036, RMSEA 90% CI = 0.029 – 0.044). A skála konvergens validitását a Beck Depresszió Kérdőívvel való korrelációja alátámasztja (r = 0,36;p < 0,001). Konklúzió: A DAS pszichometriai vizsgálatai közül ez idáig alkalmazott legnagyobb klinikai elemszámú vizsgálatát mutatja be a ta nulmány. Az eredmények alapján a DAS rövidített változata, a DAS-14 megfelelő pszicho metriai tulajdonságokkal rendelkezik alkalmazható a hangulatzavarok diagnosz tikájában.

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Reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the 24-item Dysfunctional Attitude Scale

Acta Neuropsychiatrica ◽

10.1111/j.1601-5215.2007.00203.x ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 362-367 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Miyuki Tajima ◽

Tsuyoshi Akiyama ◽

Hatsue Numa ◽

Yoshiya Kawamura ◽

Yoshie Okada ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Sample ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Japanese Version ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Automatic Thoughts ◽

Self Report ◽

Dysfunctional Attitude ◽

Three Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Dysfunctional Attitude Scale

Background:The 24-item Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS-24) is a short version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale, which is a self-report inventory for depressogenic schemata.Objective:The object of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the DAS-24 (DAS-24-J).Methods:Subjects consisted of non-clinical sample 1 (248 university students), non-clinical sample 2 (872 Japanese company employees) and a clinical sample (59 depressed out-patients).Results:Internal consistency was satisfactory in all three samples, Cronbach’s α coefficient being higher than 0.85. Test–retest reliability was satisfactory in non-clinical sample 1. The interclass correlation coefficient was 0.79 and there was no significant difference in the average score of DAS-24-J between the two points. The DAS-24-J showed satisfactory concurrent validity with the Japanese Irrational Belief Test-20 (r= 0.76); Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire – Revised total (r= 0.46), negative (r= 0.53) and positive (r=−0.41); and the Beck Depression Inventory-II (r= 0.44 for non-clinical sample, r= 0.63 for clinical sample). The clinical sample showed a significantly higher DAS-24-J score than non-clinical sample 2. According to a factor analysis combining all three samples, three factors were extracted: factor 1 (11 items) corresponded with ‘achievement’ in the original version, factor 2 (6 items) with ‘self-control’ and factor 3 (5 items) with ‘dependency’.Conclusion:The DAS-24-J is a reliable and valid instrument to measure depressogenic schemata in Japanese.

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Psychometric Properties of the Revised and Abbreviated form of the Turkish Version of the Dysfunctional Attitude Scale

Psychological Reports ◽

10.1177/0033294116628349 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 118 (1) ◽

pp. 180-198 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sedat Batmaz ◽

Kadir Ozdel

Keyword(s):

Psychometric Properties ◽

Factor Structure ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Theoretical Background ◽

Automatic Thoughts ◽

Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽

Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽

Dysfunctional Attitude ◽

Two Factors ◽

Dysfunctional Attitude Scale

Dysfunctional attitudes are considered to be important risk factors in the onset and maintenance of depression. Thus, a psychometrically reliable and valid measure is necessary for understanding depression. The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) is widely used and has good psychometric properties, but there is no consensus about its factor structure. To examine its psychometric properties and factor structure, a total of 885 individuals consisting of patients with depression and healthy controls were evaluated. After the sample was randomly divided into two subsets, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. Then the DAS was abbreviated according to the factor profiles and theoretical background. Analyses indicated two factors, named Perfectionism/Achievement and Need for Approval/Dependency for the revised DAS . Reliability analyses revealed a good internal consistency, and the concurrent validity indicated significant correlations with the Beck Depression Inventory and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire.

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Short Versions of the Questionnaires Related to Dysfunctional Cognitions in a Clinical Sample: Dysfunctional Attitude Scale and Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire

Turkish Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.5080/u23654 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ceren Gokdag ◽

Servet Kacar-Basaran

Keyword(s):

Clinical Sample ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Automatic Thoughts ◽

Dysfunctional Cognitions ◽

Dysfunctional Attitude ◽

Dysfunctional Attitude Scale ◽

Short Versions

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Dysfunctional Attitude Scale-Short Forms

PsycTESTS Dataset ◽

10.1037/t03033-000 ◽

2007 ◽

Author(s):

Christopher G. Beevers ◽

David R. Strong ◽

Björn Meyer ◽

Paul A. Pilkonis ◽

Ivan W. Miller

Keyword(s):

Attitude Scale ◽

Short Forms ◽

Dysfunctional Attitude ◽

Dysfunctional Attitude Scale

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FACTOR STRUCTURE OF THE DYSFUNCTIONAL ATTITUDE SCALE (FORM A) AND THE AUTOMATIC THOUGHTS QUESTIONNAIRE: AN EXPLORATORY STUDY

Psychological Reports ◽

10.2466/pr0.99.5.239-247 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 99 (5) ◽

pp. 239 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ANDREA P. CHIOQUETA

Keyword(s):

Factor Structure ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Automatic Thoughts ◽

Dysfunctional Attitude ◽

Dysfunctional Attitude Scale

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Dysfunctional Attitude and Self-Blame: Effect on Self-Esteem and Self-Conscious Emotions among Adolescents

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0301.032 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Mandeep Kaur ◽

Inderbir Kaur

Keyword(s):

Private Schools ◽

Child And Adolescent ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽

Public And Private ◽

Self Blame ◽

Dysfunctional Attitude ◽

Shame And Guilt ◽

Dysfunctional Attitude Scale

The present studied investigated the effect of dysfunctional attitude and self-blame on self-esteem and self-conscious emotions (shame and guilt) among adolescents. 122 adolescents between 15-19 years were taken in for the study. They were students of 11th and 12th standard of various public and private schools of Patiala. All the participants were given Child and Adolescent Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (CADAS), Attribution Blame Questionnaire (ABQ), Multidimensional Self-Esteem Inventory (MSEI), Test of Self Conscious Affect- Adolescents (TOSCA-A). Results showed that adolescents high on dysfunctional attitude are low on self esteem and high on shame whereas adolescents high on self-blame were also low on self-esteem and high on shame. The study also shows interaction between dysfunctional attitudes and self-blame.

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Dysfunctional attitudes in depressed and non-depressed substance abusers: an exploratory study

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1017/s0924933800001796 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 77-82 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

J Calache ◽

R Martinez ◽

SJ Verhulst ◽

M Bourgeois ◽

F Peyre

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Therapy ◽

Exploratory Study ◽

Substance Abusers ◽

Age Of Onset ◽

Cognitive Styles ◽

Attitude Scale ◽

Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽

Dysfunctional Attitude ◽

Dysfunctional Attitude Scale ◽

Maladaptive Thinking

SummaryThe authors examined whether substance abusers have more maladaptive thinking patterns than controls. The Dysfunctional Attitude Scale (DAS) was administered to 38 substance abusers and 30 healthy age-matched controls. Nineteen substance abusers (50%) were depressed and 19 were non-depressed. Both depressed and non-depressed substance abusers had significantly higher DAS scores than controls. Depressed substance abusers had higher scores than non-depressed substance abusers. There was no correlation between age, sex, age of onset or the nature of the substance used and DAS scores in either group of patients. There was a trend for an elevation of DAS scores with chronicity of dependence among depressed substance abusers. The results support the hypothesis of the presence of maladaptive thinking patterns among substance abusers, and suggest a need for further exploration of their cognitive styles and of the use of cognitive therapy in the treatment of addiction.

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