scholarly journals Toxin Accumulation in Avena Species after Different Spray Inoculation by Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 656-668
Author(s):  
S. Šliková ◽  
E. Gregová ◽  
M. Pastirčák
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Avena Species ◽  
Spray Inoculation ◽  
Toxin Accumulation

scholarly journals Cinnamic-Derived Acids Significantly Affect Fusarium graminearum Growth and In Vitro Synthesis of Type B Trichothecenes

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 929-934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Ponts ◽  
Laetitia Pinson-Gadais ◽  
Anne-Laure Boutigny ◽  
Christian Barreau ◽  
Florence Richard-Forget
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Phenolic Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Type B ◽  
In Planta ◽  
In Vitro Synthesis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Toxin Accumulation

The impact of five phenolic acids (ferulic, coumaric, caffeic, syringic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids) on fungal growth and type B trichothecene production by four strains of Fusarium graminearum was investigated. All five phenolic acids inhibited growth but the degree of inhibition varied between strains. Our results suggested that the more lipophilic phenolic acids are, the higher is the effect they have on growth. Toxin accumulation in phenolic acid-supplemented liquid glucose, yeast extract, and peptone cultures was enhanced in the presence of ferulic and coumaric acids but was reduced in the presence of p-hydroxybenzoic acid. This modulation was shown to correlate with a regulation of TRI5 transcription. In this study, addition of phenolic acids with greater antioxidant properties resulted in a higher toxin accumulation, indicating that the modulation of toxin accumulation may be linked to the antioxidant properties of the phenolic acids. These data suggest that, in planta, different compositions in phenolic acids of kernels from various cultivars may reflect different degrees of sensitivity to “mycotoxinogenesis.”

scholarly journals Effects of Atmospheric CO2 and Temperature on Wheat and Corn Susceptibility to Fusarium graminearum and Deoxynivalenol Contamination

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2582
Author(s):  
William T. Hay ◽  
Susan P. McCormick ◽  
Martha M. Vaughan
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Disease Damage ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Toxin Accumulation

This work details the impact of atmospheric CO2 and temperature conditions on two strains of Fusarium graminearum, their disease damage, pathogen growth, mycotoxin accumulation, and production per unit fungal biomass in wheat and corn. An elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration, 1000 ppm CO2, significantly increased the accumulation of deoxynivalenol in infected plants. Furthermore, growth in cool growing conditions, 20 °C/18 °C, day and night, respectively, resulted in the highest amounts of pathogen biomass and toxin accumulation in both inoculated wheat and corn. Warm temperatures, 25 °C/23 °C, day and night, respectively, suppressed pathogen growth and toxin accumulation, with reductions as great as 99% in corn. In wheat, despite reduced pathogen biomass and toxin accumulation at warm temperatures, the fungal pathogen was more aggressive with greater disease damage and toxin production per unit biomass. Disease outcomes were also pathogen strain specific, with complex interactions between host, strain, and growth conditions. However, we found that atmospheric CO2 and temperature had essentially no significant interactions, except for greatly increased deoxynivalenol accumulation in corn at cool temperatures and elevated CO2. Plants were most susceptible to disease damage at warm and cold temperatures for wheat and corn, respectively. This work helps elucidate the complex interaction between the abiotic stresses and biotic susceptibility of wheat and corn to Fusarium graminearum infection to better understand the potential impact global climate change poses to future food security.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Deoxynivalenol in Spikelets of Barley Inoculated with Macroconidia of Fusarium graminearum

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (6) ◽  
pp. 654-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. Evans ◽  
W. Xie ◽  
R. Dill-Macky ◽  
C. J. Mirocha
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Sampling Interval ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Barley Cultivars ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Toxin Accumulation

This research examined the biosynthesis of deoxynivalenol (DON) and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol (15-ADON) in barley spikelets inoculated with macroconidia of Fusarium graminearum (Group-II). Investigations were conducted to determine if these toxins were present in macroconidia of the pathogen prior to inoculating barley spikelets. Extracts of macroconidia cultured from mung bean agar were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Neither DON or 15-ADON was detected in three isolates' macroconidia when compared with macroconidia-DON-matrix standards adjusted to 100, 200, 300, and 400 ng/g with a detection limit of 100 ng/g. Mean recovery of DON that was added to macroconidia was 89.5%. The same isolates were pathogenic on barley cultivars Robust (moderately susceptible) and Chevron (moderately resistant) and produced DON (0 to 3.69 ng/g) and 15-ADON (detected but not quantified) when grown in rice culture. Greenhouse experiments were performed to determine when DON and 15-ADON were detectable after inoculation and to quantify their amount in inoculated barley spikelets. The three isolates of F. graminearum were separately inoculated to a central spikelet on heads of barley cultivars Robust and Chevron. Both toxins were detected in spikelets 48 h postinoculation (PI). DON increased dramatically after 72 h and did not diminish thereafter. Accumulation of 15-ADON peaked at 72 to 120 h and decreased by 240 h PI. There were no statistical differences between cultivars or among fungal isolates for accumulation of either toxin when averaged over the time intervals. Differences of toxin accumulation at each sampling interval were significant (P < 0.0001) when averaged over isolates and cultivars. Spikelets of six cultivars and lines were sampled at inoculation and 18, 36, 54, 72, and 90 h PI. DON and 15-ADON were detected at 36 h PI, but differences among the cultivars and lines were not significant. Yield of DON in inoculated spikelets of 31 barley cultivars and lines at 72 h PI ranged from 0.14 to 1.26 μg per spikelet, and differences among the cultivars and lines were significant (P < 0.002). The data demonstrate a useful range of variability for toxin accumulation in inoculated spikelets among germ plasm in the Minnesota breeding program. Macroconidia with no detectable DON or 15-ADON could be used for in vitro studies of toxin biosynthesis. Establishing when DON and 15-ADON are synthesized facilitates studying the effects of promising fungicides, biocontrol organisms, and new or novel genetic resistance mechanisms and if or how they may prevent or delay the biosynthesis of toxins.

scholarly journals Deoxynivalenol Biosynthesis-Related Gene Expression During Wheat Kernel Colonization by Fusarium graminearum

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (9) ◽  
pp. 1091-1096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather E. Hallen-Adams ◽  
Nancy Wenner ◽  
Gretchen A. Kuldau ◽  
Frances Trail
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Housekeeping Genes ◽  
Susceptible Cultivar ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Related Gene ◽  
Time Points ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wheat Kernel ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Toxin Accumulation

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a potent mycotoxin and virulence factor produced by Fusarium graminearum. We examined the expression of the core DON biosynthetic gene Tri5 during wheat head infection of susceptible and resistant cultivars and susceptible cultivars treated with strobilurin fungicides (e.g., azoxystrobin). DON was quantified to correlate expression with toxin accumulation. The highest Tri5 expression relative to housekeeping genes occurred at the infection front. As infection progressed, earliest-infected kernels showed diminished relative Tri5 expression but Tri5 expression never ceased during the 21 days observed. Azoxystrobin treatment showed no significant effect on either relative Tri5 expression or DON quantity. The resistant cultivar ‘Alsen’ showed minimal spread of the fungus, with no fungus detected by day 21. DON was not detected in significant quantities in Alsen in the later stages sampled. In Wheaten, DON levels were negligible at 8 days postinoculation (dpi), with detectable DON at later-sampled time points. Tri5 was detected even in fully senesced kernels 21 dpi. Our data demonstrate the presence of Tri5 transcripts in a susceptible cultivar over a much longer time period than has been previously documented. This suggests the ability of the fungus to rapidly resume toxin biosynthesis in dried infected grain should conducive environmental conditions be present, and provides a possible mechanism for high DON levels in asymptomatic grain.

Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with oat in southwestern Ontario, Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Tamburic-Ilincic
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Fusarium Sporotrichioides ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Predominant Species ◽  
Spray Inoculation ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Performance Trial

Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph: Gibberella zeae Schwein. Petch] is the predominant Fusarium species pathogenic to wheat, barley and corn in Ontario and produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in grain. The first objective of this study was to determine the Fusarium spp. and mycotoxin concentrations (DON, HT-2, and T-2) from commercial oat (Avena sativa L.) fields grown in the same area as wheat, corn and barley in Ontario. The second objective was to measure DON level across cultivars grown in the Ontario Performance Trial (OPT) after spray-inoculation with F. graminearum. Fusarium sporotrichioides, F. graminearum and F. poae were the predominant species identified in oat. The highest level of DON in commercial oat fields were 0.3, 0.1, 0.2 and 1.2 ppm in 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The highest concentrations of HT-2, and T-2 in 2006 were 0.5 and 0.2 ppm, respectively, whereas the levels in 2007 were both under 0.2 ppm. The relatively low level of DON in commercial oat fields confirmed that oat is in general less affected with F. graminearum than other cereals. However, this study supports the importance of monitoring Fusarium spp. and concentrations of mycotoxins in oat in Ontario, especially during growing conditions, as experienced in 2008, which favored Fusarium infection and DON accumulation. Differences in percent of Fusarium spp. infected kernels and DON level (ppm) were identified amongst the cultivars in the OPT in naturally infected oat samples and after inoculation, respectively. Key words: Oat, Fusarium spp., mycotoxins

Detoxification of zearalenone produced by Fusarium graminearum by purified tannase from Citrobacter freundii

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-008
Author(s):  
Nsayef Muslim Sahira ◽  
◽  
N. Mahammed Alaa ◽  
M.S. AL_Kadmy Israa ◽  
Nsayef Muslim Sraa
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum ◽  
Citrobacter Freundii

Colletotrichum graminicolum (Ces) Wilson on Avena species

1950 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Gustav Moseman
Keyword(s):  
Avena Species

Механизмы устойчивости к фунгицидам фитопатогенного гриба Fusarium graminearum

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Г. Д. Соколова ◽  
А. П. Глинушкин
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum

Einfluss der Vorfrucht auf das Fusarium-Spektrum und die Mykotoxinkontamination in Körnern von Winterweizen

2011 ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Ruben Gödecke ◽  
Andreas von Tiedemann
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Graminearum

In dreijährigen Fruchtfolgeversuchen an zwei Standorten nördlich von Göttingen wurde der Einfluss der Vorfrüchte Mais, Zuckerrübe und Weizen auf den Ährenbefall, die Mykotoxinbelastung und die Zusammensetzung der Fusariumpopulation an Ähren in der Folgefrucht Winterweizen untersucht. In den Versuchsjahren 2007, 2008 und 2009 traten witterungsbedingt unterschiedliche Bedingungen für Fusarium-Ähreninfektionen in Weizen auf. Beim Vergleich der gewichteten Faktoreffekte zeigte sich die dominierende Bedeutung der Witterung auf den Mykotoxingehalt in den Körnern. Die Deoxynivalenolgehalte auf beiden Standorten unterschieden sich signifikant, die relativen Standorteffekte waren unabhängig von den Versuchsjahren. Im Gegensatz dazu variierten die Faktoreffekte der drei Vorfruchtvarianten Mais, Winterweizen und Zuckerrübe zwischen den Befallsjahren. In einem durchschnittlichen Befallsjahr wie 2009 war eine Differenzierung zwischen allen drei Vorfruchtvarianten möglich. In einem Starkbefallsjahr wie 2007 unterschieden sich die Getreideproben aus den Vorfruchtvarianten Zuckerrübe und Winterweizen hinsichtlich ihres Mykotoxingehaltes jedoch nicht signifikant, eine Differenzierung war nur zu den Proben der Vorfruchtvariante Mais möglich. Die Zusammensetzung der Pilzpopulation an den Ähren zeigte, dass Fusarium graminearum unabhängig von der Vorfrucht und dem Jahreseffekt als Leitpathogen auftrat. Aus den vorliegenden Untersuchungen kann gefolgert werden, dass die relative Vorfruchtwirkung von Zuckerrübe und Weizen auf den Mykotoxingehalt in der Folgefrucht Winterweizen von der saisonalen Jahreswitterung und dem daraus resultierenden Befallsdruck mit Ährenfusarium abhängig ist. Die Ursachen, die in Risikojahren zu unerwartet erhöhten Mykotoxingrenzwerten auch nach Zuckerrüben führen können, müssen im Einzelnen noch aufgeklärt werden.

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