On an extension of the Hardy-Hilbert theorem

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Weijian ◽  
G. Mingzhe ◽  
G. Xuemei

A weighted Hardy-Hilbert’s inequality with the parameter λ of form \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage{bbm} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} $$\sum\limits_{m = 1}^\infty {\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {\frac{{a_m b_n }}{{(m + n)^\lambda }}} < B^* (\lambda )\left( {\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {n^{1 - \lambda } a_{a_n }^p } } \right)^{{1 \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {1 p}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} p}} \left( {\sum\limits_{n = 1}^\infty {n^{1 - \lambda } b_n^q } } \right)^q }$$ \end{document} is established by introducing two parameters s and λ, where \documentclass{aastex} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{bm} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{pifont} \usepackage{stmaryrd} \usepackage{textcomp} \usepackage{upgreek} \usepackage{portland,xspace} \usepackage{amsmath,amsxtra} \usepackage{bbm} \pagestyle{empty} \DeclareMathSizes{10}{9}{7}{6} \begin{document} $$\tfrac{1}{p} + \tfrac{1}{q} = 1,p \geqq q > 1,1 - \tfrac{q}{p} < \lambda \leqq 2,B^* (\lambda ) = B(\lambda - (1 - \tfrac{{2 - \lambda }}{p}),1 - \tfrac{{2 - \lambda }}{p})$$ \end{document} is the beta function. B *(λ) is proved to be best possible. A stronger form of this inequality is obtained by means of the Euler-Maclaurin summation formula.

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bicheng Yang ◽  
Shanhe Wu ◽  
Jianquan Liao

In this paper, by introducing parameters and weight functions, with the help of the Euler–Maclaurin summation formula, we establish the extension of Hardy–Hilbert’s inequality and its equivalent forms. The equivalent statements of the best possible constant factor related to several parameters are provided. The operator expressions and some particular cases are also discussed.


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Andrés Unigarro M. ◽  
Álvaro Jaramillo R. ◽  
Claudia Patricia Flórez R.

The study was conducted at the "Estación Central Naranjal Ce-nicafé" (National Coffee Research Center, Chinchina, Caldas, Colombia) on Coffea arábica L. variety Castillo® to find the leaf angle distribution function that best described the tilt of the angles present in the canopy. Leaf angles were recorded for 1,559 leaves located in the upper, middle and lower profiles of the canopy. The observed leaf angle distribution was compared with the Beta, ellipsoidal and four de Wit distribution functions. The fit between comparisons was determined by the Pearson X2 test and its significance, the regression coefficient statistically equal to one and the RMSE. Likewise, the leaf angle distribution recorded in the field per profile and their combination was described based on three angle classes (1stclass: 0°-30°; 2nd class: 30°-60°; and 3rd class: 60°-90°) according to the Goudriaan criterion. Generally, the leaf angle distribution present in the canopy of Castillo® coffee variety is adequately described by the Beta function with two parameters and the ellipsoidal function based on the adjustment provided by the statistical tests.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Chandola ◽  
Rupakshi Mishra Pandey ◽  
Ritu Agarwal ◽  
Sunil Dutt Purohit

AbstractRecently, various forms of extended beta function have been proposed and presented by many researchers. The principal goal of this paper is to present another expansion of beta function using Appell series and Lauricella function and examine various properties like integral representation and summation formula. Statistical distribution for the above extension of beta function has been defined, and the mean, variance, moment generating function and cumulative distribution function have been obtained. Using the newly defined extension of beta function, we build up the extension of hypergeometric and confluent hypergeometric functions and discuss their integral representations and differentiation formulas. Further, we define a new extension of Riemann–Liouville fractional operator using Appell series and Lauricella function and derive its various properties using the new extension of beta function.


Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bicheng Yang ◽  
Shanhe Wu ◽  
Aizhen Wang

By means of the weight functions, the idea of introduced parameters, and the Euler-Maclaurin summation formula, a reverse half-discrete Hardy-Hilbert’s inequality and the reverse equivalent forms are given. The equivalent statements of the best possible constant factor involving several parameters are considered. As applications, two results related to the case of the non-homogeneous kernel and some particular cases are obtained.


Author(s):  
D. D. Somashekara ◽  
K. Narasimha Murthy ◽  
S. L. Shalini

We have obtained a new summation formula for bilateral basic hypergeometric series by the method of parameter augmentation and demonstrated its various uses leading to some development of etafunctions, -gamma, and -beta function identities.


Author(s):  
Ai-zhen Wang ◽  
Bi-cheng Yang ◽  
Qiang Chen

Abstract By using the weight functions, the idea of introduced parameters and the Euler–Maclaurin summation formula, a reverse half-discrete Hilbert’s inequality with the homogeneous kernel and the reverse equivalent forms are given (for ${p<0}$ p < 0 , ${0< q<1}$ 0 < q < 1 ). The equivalent statements of the best possible constant factor related to a few parameters are considered. As applications, two corollaries about the case of the non-homogeneous kernel and some particular cases are obtained.


1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 170-180
Author(s):  
D. L. Crawford

Early in the 1950's Strömgren (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) introduced medium to narrow-band interference filter photometry at the McDonald Observatory. He used six interference filters to obtain two parameters of astrophysical interest. These parameters he calledlandc, for line and continuum hydrogen absorption. The first measured empirically the absorption line strength of Hβby means of a filter of half width 35Å centered on Hβand compared to the mean of two filters situated in the continuum near Hβ. The second index measured empirically the Balmer discontinuity by means of a filter situated below the Balmer discontinuity and two above it. He showed that these two indices could accurately predict the spectral type and luminosity of both B stars and A and F stars. He later derived (6) an indexmfrom the same filters. This index was a measure of the relative line blanketing near 4100Å compared to two filters above 4500Å. These three indices confirmed earlier work by many people, including Lindblad and Becker. References to this earlier work and to the systems discussed today can be found in Strömgren's article inBasic Astronomical Data(7).


Author(s):  
H.A. Cohen ◽  
W. Chiu

The goal of imaging the finest detail possible in biological specimens leads to contradictory requirements for the choice of an electron dose. The dose should be as low as possible to minimize object damage, yet as high as possible to optimize image statistics. For specimens that are protected by low temperatures or for which the low resolution associated with negative stain is acceptable, the first condition may be partially relaxed, allowing the use of (for example) 6 to 10 e/Å2. However, this medium dose is marginal for obtaining the contrast transfer function (CTF) of the microscope, which is necessary to allow phase corrections to the image. We have explored two parameters that affect the CTF under medium dose conditions.Figure 1 displays the CTF for carbon (C, row 1) and triafol plus carbon (T+C, row 2). For any column, the images to which the CTF correspond were from a carbon covered hole (C) and the adjacent triafol plus carbon support film (T+C), both recorded on the same micrograph; therefore the imaging parameters of defocus, illumination angle, and electron statistics were identical.


Author(s):  
T. L. Hayes

Biomedical applications of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) have increased in number quite rapidly over the last several years. Studies have been made of cells, whole mount tissue, sectioned tissue, particles, human chromosomes, microorganisms, dental enamel and skeletal material. Many of the advantages of using this instrument for such investigations come from its ability to produce images that are high in information content. Information about the chemical make-up of the specimen, its electrical properties and its three dimensional architecture all may be represented in such images. Since the biological system is distinctive in its chemistry and often spatially scaled to the resolving power of the SEM, these images are particularly useful in biomedical research.In any form of microscopy there are two parameters that together determine the usefulness of the image. One parameter is the size of the volume being studied or resolving power of the instrument and the other is the amount of information about this volume that is displayed in the image. Both parameters are important in describing the performance of a microscope. The light microscope image, for example, is rich in information content (chemical, spatial, living specimen, etc.) but is very limited in resolving power.


Author(s):  
David P. Bazett-Jones ◽  
Mark L. Brown

A multisubunit RNA polymerase enzyme is ultimately responsible for transcription initiation and elongation of RNA, but recognition of the proper start site by the enzyme is regulated by general, temporal and gene-specific trans-factors interacting at promoter and enhancer DNA sequences. To understand the molecular mechanisms which precisely regulate the transcription initiation event, it is crucial to elucidate the structure of the transcription factor/DNA complexes involved. Electron spectroscopic imaging (ESI) provides the opportunity to visualize individual DNA molecules. Enhancement of DNA contrast with ESI is accomplished by imaging with electrons that have interacted with inner shell electrons of phosphorus in the DNA backbone. Phosphorus detection at this intermediately high level of resolution (≈lnm) permits selective imaging of the DNA, to determine whether the protein factors compact, bend or wrap the DNA. Simultaneously, mass analysis and phosphorus content can be measured quantitatively, using adjacent DNA or tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) as mass and phosphorus standards. These two parameters provide stoichiometric information relating the ratios of protein:DNA content.


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