Clay swelling inhibition mechanism of α,ω-diaminoalkanes in Portland Brownstone

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 1646-1652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Wangler ◽  
George W. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Potential Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Interlayer Cations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Swelling ◽  
Ethylenediamine Complex ◽  
Swelling Strain

Many clay-bearing sedimentary stones such as Portland Brownstone will swell when exposed to water, and this can generate damaging stresses as differential strains evolve during a wetting cycle. Current swelling inhibitors, consisting of α,ω-diaminoalkanes, can reduce swelling in Portland Brownstone up to 50%. In this study, through x-ray diffraction and swelling strain experiments, we demonstrate that the α,ω-diaminoalkanes inhibit swelling by substituting for interlayer cations and partially hydrophobicizing the interlayer, then rehydrating on subsequent wetting cycles. We also introduce the copper (II) ethylenediamine complex as a potential treatment for swelling inhibition.

Controlling Swelling of Portland Brownstone

2007 ◽  
Vol 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy Wangler ◽  
George W. Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Potential Treatment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Interlayer Cations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ethylenediamine Complex ◽  
Swelling Strain

AbstractMany clay-bearing sedimentary stones such as Portland Brownstone will swell when exposed to water, and this can generate damaging stresses as differential strains evolve during a wetting cycle. Current swelling inhibitors, consisting of α,ω-diaminoalkanes, can reduce swelling in Portland Brownstone up to 50%. In this study, through X-ray diffraction and swelling strain experiments, we demonstrate that the α,ω-diaminoalkanes inhibit swelling by substituting for interlayer cations and partially hydrophobicizing the interlayer, then rehydrating on subsequent wetting cycles. We also introduce the copper (II) ethylenediamine complex as a potential treatment for swelling inhibition.

Effect of clay–water interactions on clay swelling by X-ray diffraction

2007 ◽  
Vol 580 (1) ◽  
pp. 768-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.L.G. Amorim ◽  
R.T. Lopes ◽  
R.C. Barroso ◽  
J.C. Queiroz ◽  
D.B. Alves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Clay Swelling

The effect of amino-alcohol-based corrosion inhibitors on concrete durability

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (9) ◽  
pp. 771-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congtao Sun ◽  
Mingshi Chen ◽  
Haibing Zheng ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Yantao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Alcohol ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Chloride Ions ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
Concrete Durability ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Reinforcing Bar ◽  
Two Agents

Laboratory investigation was carried out to assess the effect of amino-alcohol-based corrosion inhibitors on concrete durability, and the inhibition mechanism in concrete was analyzed. Both admixed type and surface-applied type corrosion inhibitors were studied by chloride penetration test, saturation test, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the anti-penetrability, compactness, and hydration of concrete were improved after the two types of corrosion inhibitors were applied. The use of corrosion inhibitors mitigated the penetration of chloride ions and water into concrete, which effectively delayed corrosion of the reinforcing bar. The surface-applied corrosion inhibitor showed better efficiency in the concrete specimens compared to the admixed type. Moreover, there was a better synergy between the two agents and the best performance when the two agents were applied to the concrete simultaneously.

Influence of sour oil on calcareous deposit nucleation

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Hoseinieh ◽  
Taghi Shahrabi ◽  
Morteza Farrokhi Rad ◽  
Bahram Ramezanzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Steel Electrode ◽  
Content Type ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sour Crude ◽  
Corrosion Mechanisms ◽  
Scale Deposition

Purpose The aim of this paper is to investigate the influence of sour crude oil contaminant on the calcareous scale deposition under cathodic protection of carbon steel in artificial seawater. Design/methodology/approach Electrochemical and surface characterizations are carried out using chronoamperometry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy techniques. Findings Results showed that sour oil limited the deposit nucleation regarding its volume concentrations. The inhibition mechanism was examined to be simultaneous acts of pH reduction and mackinawite formation beside minor physical adsorption of oil molecules on steel electrode. Originality/value There is no paper concerning the proposed subject, and the idea of this work is fully novel which is of great significance because of the consequences of disastrous oil spill phenomena on the integrity of exposed offshore facilities in terms of optimum protection against probable corrosion mechanisms.

scholarly journals Inhibition Mechanism of Urease by Au(III) Compounds Unveiled by X-ray Diffraction Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luca Mazzei ◽  
Margot N. Wenzel ◽  
Michele Cianci ◽  
Marta Palombo ◽  
Angela Casini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Inhibition Mechanism ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Hydration and dehydration characteristics of synthetic water-swelling fluoromicas: comparisons between silicates and germanates

Clay Minerals ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Kitajima ◽  
N. Daimon ◽  
R. Kondo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Solid Solutions ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Isomorphic Substitution ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Interlayer Cations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Swelling ◽  
Hydration And Dehydration ◽  
Synthetic Water

AbstractSolid solutions of fluoromicas WMg2Li(Si4−x GexO10)F2 (W = K, Na, Li. 0 ≦ x ≦ 4), which were closely related to taeniolite, were synthesized and the effect of the isomorphic substitution Ge for Si and also the interlayer cations Li, Na and K respectively upon hydration and dehydration were studied by X-ray diffraction, infrared and thermal analysis. The Na- and Li-series exhibit swelling with water, whereas the K-series does not. The increase of tetrahedral germanium substitution reduces hydration and also lowers the dehydration temperature of hydrates in both the Na- and Li-series. The reasons for such tendencies are discussed. Repulsion between interlayer cations and tetrahedral cations seems to play the dominant role. K in opposition to the smaller interlayer cations Li and Na respectively fits in the interlayer sites of the mica structure and lowers repulsion. By increasing the substitution Ge for Si interionic distances become greater and repulsion also decreases.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Distribution of Interlayer Cations and Iron as a Plausible Explanation of the Non-Exfoliation of Commercial Vermiculites Post Alcohol Treatment and Microwave Irradiation

Minerals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Celia Marcos ◽  
Zulema del Río ◽  
Alaa Adawy
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Alcohol Treatment ◽  
Thermal Gravimetric ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Microscopy ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Interlayer Cations ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Phases

Two commercial vermiculites from China and Libby were treated with different alcohols (methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol) at room temperature for up to one month and afterwards irradiated with microwaves. The exfoliated and non-exfoliated particles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission microscopy, thermal gravimetric analyses and infrared spectroscopy to explain the inconsistencies in relation to potassium distribution and the exfoliation observed in previous investigations. The percentages of the exfoliated and non-exfoliated particles of the investigated vermiculites greatly varied, with no indication of a relationship between the resultant exfoliation and alcohol treatment. The crystallinity and structural order of the phases composing the particles are independent of the success of their exfoliation. The existence of a mosaic structure, the intra-particle mosaic-like intergrowth of the different mineral phases, in the treated and pristine commercial vermiculites could be attributed to the heterogeneous distribution on the nanoscale of interlayer cations as potassium and iron.

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Ribosome Structural Organization

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
James A. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Complete Sequences

The understanding of ribosome structure has advanced considerably in the last several years. Biochemists have characterized the constituent proteins and rRNA's of ribosomes. Complete sequences have been determined for some ribosomal proteins and specific antibodies have been prepared against all E. coli small subunit proteins. In addition, a number of naturally occuring systems of three dimensional ribosome crystals which are suitable for structural studies have been observed in eukaryotes. Although the crystals are, in general, too small for X-ray diffraction, their size is ideal for electron microscopy.

Electron Microscopy of Human Gallstones

1971 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
C. Wolpers ◽  
R. Blaschke
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bile Pigment ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Triclinic Crystal System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Main Components

Scanning microscopy was used to study the surface of human gallstones and the surface of fractures. The specimens were obtained by operation, washed with water, dried at room temperature and shadowcasted with carbon and aluminum. Most of the specimens belong to patients from a series of X-ray follow-up study, examined during the last twenty years. So it was possible to evaluate approximately the age of these gallstones and to get information on the intensity of growing and solving.Cholesterol, a group of bile pigment substances and different salts of calcium, are the main components of human gallstones. By X-ray diffraction technique, infra-red spectroscopy and by chemical analysis it was demonstrated that all three components can be found in any gallstone. In the presence of water cholesterol crystallizes in pane-like plates of the triclinic crystal system.

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