Fabrication of Semiconductor Nano-particles in the Protein Cage of Apoferritin

2005 ◽  
Vol 873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenji Iwahori ◽  
Keiko Yoshizawa ◽  
Masahiro Muraoka ◽  
Ichiro Yamashita
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Internal Cavity ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Synthesis System ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Protein Cage ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Chemical Reaction System

AbstractWe specially designed a slow chemical reaction system to synthesize the zinc selenide nanoparticles (ZnSe NPs), in the cavity of the cage-shaped protein, apoferritin. The newly designed chemical synthesis system for ZnSe NPs makes the chemical reaction of compound semiconductor element ions dramatically slow, resulting in that ZnSe NPs can be synthesized in the internal cavity of the apoferritin. The ZnSe NPs synthesized by the optimized reaction parameters are efficiently produced in the aqueous solution. The UVVis spectrum analysis of synthesized ZnSe-ferritin suggests that the formation of ZnSe nuclei in the apoferritin cavity takes about 6 hours by using our slow chemical reaction system. The synthesized ZnSe NPs were characterized by high resolution TEM, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometory (EDS) and it was revealed that the synthesized NPs are a collection of cubic ZnSe crystals.

Buffer capacity in multiple chemical reaction systems involving solid phases

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (8) ◽  
pp. 1036-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilie Fishtik ◽  
Igor Povar
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Stoichiometric Coefficient ◽  
Reaction Systems ◽  
Chemical Reaction Systems ◽  
Chemical Reaction System ◽  
Multiple Chemical

The buffer capacity of a chemical species in a multiple chemical reaction system is discussed in terms of a special class of stoichiometrically unique reactions referred to as response reactions (RERs). More specifically, it is shown that the buffer capacity may be partitioned into a sum of contributions associated with RERs. This finding provides a deeper understanding of the factors that determine the buffer capacity. In particular, the main contributions to the buffer capacity come from the RERs involving the most abundant species. Concomitantly, the RERs approach provides a simple stoichiometric algorithm for the derivation and analysis of the buffer capacity that may be easily implemented into a computer software.Key words: buffer capacity, response reaction, heterogeneous system, stoichiometric coefficient.

scholarly journals Thermal runaway of commercial 18650 Li-ion batteries with LFP and NCA cathodes – impact of state of charge and overcharge

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (70) ◽  
pp. 57171-57186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey W. Golubkov ◽  
Sebastian Scheikl ◽  
René Planteu ◽  
Gernot Voitic ◽  
Helmar Wiltsche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Thermal Runaway ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Li Ion Batteries ◽  
Chemical Reaction System ◽  
Li Ion

Destructive thermal ramp experiments with commercial Li-ion batteries at different state of charge were made. Produced gases were quantified and a causing chemical reaction system is proposed.

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