Ultraclean hybrid poplar lignins via liquid–liquid fractionation using ethanol–water solutions

While lack of access to consistent safe drinking water is estimated to affect nearly 2 billion people worldwide, many of the efforts to solve this crisis have proven to be unsustainable. This paper discusses some of the reasons for these challenges and suggests interdisciplinary practices that could be integrated from the very beginning of a water intervention to achieve long-term success. Of key importance for sustainable water implementation is an enabling environment that incorporates aspects such as funding, potential for market development, and supportive governance. While this enabling environment is acknowledged, the focus of this work is on the integration of three key areas: (i) social and cultural assessment of behavior and preferences; (ii) market-based implementation approaches that draw on this knowledge; and (iii) technology development for these markets.

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Depression of freezing temperature of water and water solutions in porous materials

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19892644 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 54 (10) ◽

pp. 2644-2647 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Petr Schneider ◽

Jiří Rathouský

Keyword(s):

Water Vapor ◽

Porous Materials ◽

Inorganic Salt ◽

Freezing Point ◽

Freezing Temperature ◽

Inorganic Salts ◽

Freezing Point Depression ◽

Salt Solutions ◽

Water Solutions

In porous materials filled with water or water solutions of inorganic salts, water freezes at lower temperatures than under normal conditions; the reason is the decrease of water vapor tension above the convex meniscus of liquid in pores. The freezing point depression is not very significant in pores with radii from 0.05 μm to 10 μm (about 0.01-2.5 K). Only in smaller pores, especially when filled with inorganic salt solutions, this depression is important.

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Sorption of Water Soluble Organic Dyes on Magnetic Poly(oxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene)

Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications ◽

10.1135/cccc19951448 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 60 (9) ◽

pp. 1448-1456 ◽

Cited By ~ 36

Author(s):

Ivo Šafařík ◽

Miroslava Šafaříková ◽

Vlasta Buřičová

Keyword(s):

Organic Compounds ◽

Azo Dye ◽

Organic Dyes ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Magnetic Composite ◽

Water Solutions ◽

Magnetite Particles

Magnetic composite based on poly(oxy-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene) (PODMP) was prepared by melting the polymer with ε-caprolactam in a presence of fine magnetite particles. Magnetic PODMP was used for sorption of water soluble organic compounds (dyes belonging to triphenylmethane, heteropolycyclic and azo dye groups) from water solutions. There were considerable differences in the binding of the dyes tested. In general, heteropolycyclic dyes exhibited the lowest sorption.

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