Thermodynamic Effects of 3 Different Diode Lasers on an Implant-Bone Interface: An Ex-Vivo Study With Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Alberto Valente ◽  
Antonio Calascibetta ◽  
Giuseppe Patianna ◽  
Thomas Mang ◽  
Michael Hatton ◽  
...  

The aim of this study is to assess the increase of temperature following laser irradiation with 810 nm, 980 nm, and 1064 nm diode laser wavelengths, of an implant under conditions that more closely replicate those of the human body. A 4 × 14 mm machined surface implant was placed in a porcine rib to replicate the conductivity of heat given by the bone. A peri-implant vertical defect was made that was 2 mm wide and 2 mm deep to simulate bone resorption. Two thermocouples were positioned crestally and apically on the implant surface. The tip of the laser was kept 3 mm away from the surface and continuously moved in an up-and-down and side-to-side fashion, inside the defect for 60 seconds. Initial temperatures and the time needed to reach an increase of 10°C were recorded. The experiment was repeated at room temperature and in a 37°C water bath with the following settings: 0.6 W, 0.8 W, 1 W continuous and repeated in pulsed. A critical increase of temperature of more than 10°C is reached with all lasers at 0.8 W and 1 W in continuous mode at room temperature. Only the 1064 nm diode laser reached the critical increase at 0.8 W in pulsed mode. No critical increase of temperature was registered with other settings and when the bone block was placed in a 37°C water bath. The results of this study suggest that use of these diode lasers does not cause a harmful increase in temperature when used under conditions similar to those of the human body.

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Fornaini ◽  
Elisabetta Merigo ◽  
Michele Sozzi ◽  
Stefano Selleri ◽  
Paolo Vescovi ◽  
...  

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 795-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Fornaini ◽  
Elisabetta Merigo ◽  
Jean-Paul Rocca ◽  
Giuseppe Lagori ◽  
Hélène Raybaud ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT Introduction Dental diode lasers were started to be used at the end of the 1990s and were shown to possess several important characteristics, such as small size and low cost, as well as the advantage of optic fibers delivering system. Although only two wavelengths (810 and 980 nm) had been the most used dental diode lasers, a wavelength emitting in the blue portion of the spectrum has recently been proposed. Aim The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the effectiveness of five different fiber-delivered laser wavelengths (450, 532, 808, 1064, and 1340 nm) in the oral soft tissue ablation. Materials and methods Specimens were surgically collected from the dorsal surface of four bovine tongues and, while deep thermal increase was measured by two thermocouples at 0.5 and 2 mm depth, surface temperature was recorded by an infrared thermometer. Subsequently, specimens were fixed in 10% buffered formalin solution, cut into slices, and embedded in paraffin blocks, and a pathologist made a morphological analysis by optic microscope assigning a score based on the quality of the cut and tissue damage. Results The analysis showed the best quality of the cut and the lowest temperature increase on the specimens obtained with the shortest laser wavelength (450 nm). Conclusion Even considering this as preliminary study, the use of 450 nm blue diode laser in oral surgery may be suggested to the clinician in their daily practice. Clinical significance This study opens a new perspective in oral surgery. Blue diode laser has demonstrated a good quality of the cut with a low energy causing a minimal thermal damage to the tissue, promising a better comfort to patients. How to cite this article Fornaini C, Merigo E, Rocca J-P, Lagori G, Raybaud H, Selleri S, Cucinotta A. 450 nm Blue Laser and Oral Surgery: Preliminary ex vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(10):795-800.


Author(s):  
Jacek Matys ◽  
Ute Botzenhart ◽  
Tomasz Gedrange ◽  
Marzena Dominiak

AbstractMany inserted implants are affected by peri-implantitis. The aim of our study was to evaluate increases in implant temperature, depending on the diameter and chemical composition of implants. In particular we measured the time it takes for the temperature of an implant to rise by 10°C and evaluated laser power settings required to prevent thermal injury when an implant surface is decontaminated during the treatment of peri-implantitis. The study analysed six implants placed in porcine ribs and divided into two groups according to their diameter and chemical composition (grade IV and grade V titanium). The implants were irradiated with Diode and Er:YAG lasers using different laser parameters. The temperature was measured with a K-type thermocouple. The temperature on the implant surface rose as the laser power increased and the implant diameter decreased. The time required to increase the temperature of an implant by 10°C was less than it was for titanium grade IV. The temperature gradient was below 10°C for all implants treated using a laser power up to 1 W. It is important to choose the correct laser parameters, depending on the chemical composition and diameter of the implant, so that decontamination of the implant surface is thorough, effective and safe.


2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 347-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola Alberto Valente ◽  
Thomas Mang ◽  
Michael Hatton ◽  
Lynn Mikulski ◽  
Sebastiano Andreana
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Motohiro Otsuki ◽  
Masahiro Wada ◽  
Masaya Yamaguchi ◽  
Shigetada Kawabata ◽  
Yoshinobu Maeda ◽  
...  

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franck Marie P. Leclère ◽  
Guy Magalon ◽  
Cécile Philandrianos ◽  
Frank Unglaub ◽  
Pascal Servell ◽  
...  

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Karbownik ◽  
R. Sarzała

AbstractRoom-temperature (RT) continuous-wave (CW) operation of the 405-nm ridge-waveguide (RW) InGaN/GaN quantum-well diode lasers equipped with the n-type GaN substrate and two contacts on both sides of the structure has been investigated with the aid of the comprehensive self-consistent simulation model. As expected, the mounting configuration (p-side up or down) has been found to have a crucial impact on the diode laser performance. For the RT CW threshold operation of the otherwise identical diode laser, the p-side up RW laser exhibits as high as nearly 68°C maximal active-region temperature increase whereas an analogous increase for the p-side down laser was equal to only 24°C. Our simulation reveals that the lowest room-temperature lasing threshold may be expected for relatively narrow and deep ridges. For the structure under consideration, the lowest threshold current density of 5.75 kA/cm2 has been determined for the 2.2-μm ridge width and the 400-nm etching depth. Then, the active-region temperature increase was as low as only 24 K over RT. For wider 5-μm ridge, this increase is twice higher. An impact of etching depth is more essential for narrower ridges. Quite high values (between 120 and 140 K) of the characteristic parameter T0 convince very good thermal properties of the above laser.


Author(s):  
Georgios E. Romanos ◽  
Upasna Malhotra ◽  
Rocco W. Tedesco ◽  
Wei Hou ◽  
Rafael Delgado-Ruiz

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