scholarly journals The Impact of Socio-Economic Factors on Human Capital Investments A comparative study of the MENA Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Faleh Al Rashidi ◽  
Dr. Randa Diab-Bahman ◽  
Dr. Abrar Al-Enzi
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

scholarly journals The Impact of Ownership Structure on Wage Intensity in Japanese Corporations

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 278-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toru Yoshikawa ◽  
Phillip H. Phan ◽  
Parthiban David
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
Opposite Effect ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Japanese Corporations

The authors studied the effect of ownership structure on human capital investments as indicated by wage intensity, defined as the ratio of expenditure on employee wages to sales, in a sample of 996 Japanese manufacturing firms during their economic recession of 1998-2002. They found that domestic shareholders, with interests beyond financial considerations, enhance wage intensity, especially when performance is low, and thereby safeguard human capital investments. Foreign shareholders with sole interest in financial returns have an opposite effect; they reduce wage intensity when firm performance is low.

scholarly journals An International Perspective on Pakistani Human Capital Investments in the Last Quarter Century

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jere R. Behrman ◽  
Ryan Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Investment Policies ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this paper is to place Pakistani human capital investments in the past quarter century in an international perspective. As background, a simple analytical perspective is presented first. Then empirical experience from various developing countries is summarised. This relates to some dimensions of the determinants and the impact of human capital investments and related policies. Next, various dimensions of Pakistani human capital investments in schooling and health are compared with the international experience of the past quarter century, controlling for per capita income and initial literacy rates and subject to caveates about such comparisons. These comparisons suggest that, in the aggregate, Pakistan has had relatively low investments in schooling and relatively high investments in health. Consideration of the composition of these investments suggests that, in a comparative sense, Pakistani investments have been skewed towards higher rather than basic education, towards physician-intensive curative rather than basic preventative health care, towards males relative to females, and towards middleand upper-income groups that tend to benefit more from post-primary schooling and from physician-related health services. The concluding section speculates on the implications of this perspective for Pakistani human capital investment policies.

scholarly journals Determinants of Expenditure on Health in Pakistan

1995 ◽  
Vol 34 (4III) ◽  
pp. 959-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rehana Siddiqui ◽  
Usman Afridi ◽  
Rashida Haq
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

An important component of human capital formation is improvements in the health status of the population.1 Improvements in the health status of a nation can lead to longer life expectancy, shift the labour supply curve outward, increase labour productivity, and increase the productivity of investment in other forms of human capital, particularly education. Since health and the capacity to improve health are related to socio-economic conditions, it is important to analyse the impact of changes in these variables on the provision of health services. Due to the presence of externalities, market failures, and inability of a significant proportion of the population to pay, government intervention is required in the health sector. In this study, we shall analyse the changes in the provision of public health resources in Pakistan, in response to the changes in socio-economic factors. Most empirical studies in this area have been cross-country studies. Fulop and Reinke (1983) emphasise that socio-economic factors affect the health status directly and indirectly. The indirect effect is through the changes in health resources in response to the changes in socio-economic factors. Kleiman’s (1986) cross-country analysis shows that per capita national income, the ratio of government consumption expenditure to private consumption expenditure, and the measure of income inequality are important determinants of public expenditure on health. The study also shows that public and private expenditure on health are good if not a perfect substitute for each other.

Human Capital in the Economic System of Modern Society: the Mechanism of Formation, Investment and Development Prospects in Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 105-109
Author(s):  
S. Zhukov ◽  
V. Zelic ◽  
S. Soima
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Economic State ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
Development Prospects

As a result of the conducted research the problems of development of human capital and basic pre-conditions of providing of his competitiveness are certain. Analyzed the loud speaker of charges on development of education and health protection of summary budget of Ukraine and measures on the improvement of economic situation in Ukraine and providing of development of human capital are offered. The basic types of investments are certain in a human capital on levels and subjects of investing. The mechanism of forming of human capital is presented. The mechanism of forming of human capital is presented. It is grounded, that for strategic development of human capital of Ukraine and achievement of equilibrium and balanced of economy in the conditions of globalization modernization of public policy is needed in area of education, namely, creation of the system of education, oriented to forming and development of skills and jurisdictions of man, necessary for innovative activity. Keywords human capital, investments in a human capital, competitiveness, economic state of affairs, payment for work.

scholarly journals Occupational Choice and Investments in Human Capital in Informal Economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucila Berniell
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Capital Investments ◽  
Educational Decisions ◽  
Managerial Skills ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
Informal Economies ◽  
Human Capital Investments ◽  
Cross Country

AbstractInformality is pervasive in many developing countries and it can affect occupational and educational decisions. Cross-country data shows that the rate of entrepreneurship as well as the gap between the skill premium for entrepreneurs and for workers increase with the size of the informal economy. Also, in countries with larger informal sectors the fraction of high-skilled individuals that choose to be entrepreneurs is larger. To explain these facts, I develop a model economy with human capital investments, occupational choice and an informal sector, in which the investment in human capital improves the efficiency of labor as well as managerial skills, and the technology to produce goods exhibits capital-skill complementarity. Model predictions can account for cross-country evidence and also shed light on the mechanisms at work when the level of informality in the economy increases. In particular, a higher level of informality discourages human capital investments for workers while it incentivizes these investments for the case of some managers, mostly informal but talented.

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