CHEMICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF HUNGARIAN SANDY SOILS UNDER DIFFERENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Herein, we describe how pesticide leaching is assessed in Europe in order to fulfill EU Directive 91/414. The assessment schemes were developed to protect groundwater from unacceptable effects caused by pesticide use. They presently focus on chromatographic flow processes, which are dominant in sandy soils. Nevertheless, important regions in Europe are characterized by structured soils where transport through macropores is most relevant.Comparison of parallel field studies with isoproturon performed in sandy and silty soils showed that maximum concentration in the structured soil at a soil depth of 1 m may exceed respective concentrations in sandy soils by a factor of 60. Similar results were obtained by lysimeter studies using silty soil cores with maximum concentration of 40 μg/l at the soil bottom. These results demonstrate that preferential flow is more the rule than the exception in well-structured fine-textured soils, and pesticide losses via macropore flow may exceed losses via matrix transport considerably. All present information available for macropore flow suggest the need for greater regional assessments. Other recommendations include analysis of the influence of different soil management practices on the formation of macropores.

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Phosphorus leaching in sandy soils .I. Short-term effects of fertilizer applications and environmental conditions

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9880177 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 177 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

DM Weaver ◽

GSP Ritchie ◽

GC Anderson ◽

DM Deeley

Keyword(s):

Soil Solution ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Management Practices ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Summer Rainfall ◽

Application Rate ◽

Short Term ◽

Coastal Superphosphate ◽

Soil Solutions ◽

Soil Solution P

The consequences of previous as well as current environmental conditions and management practices on the potential for phosphorus (P) to be lost by drainage from sandy soils in the short term (< 1 year) were studied in the laboratory and the field. The potential for P losses by drainage was estimated by measuring soil solution P levels and rapidly released P. Rapidly released P was measured by determining the concentration of dissolved inorganic P contained in filtered (<0.45 pm) soil solutions after incubating soil at saturation for 15 min at ambient temperature. In the laboratory, sandy soils were incubated with ordinary superphosphate, coastal superphosphate (a granulated mixture of equal parts of superphospate, rock phosphate and elemental sulfur) or lime-superphosphate (a lime-reverted superphosphate with 18% kiln dust) and sequentially desorbed with deionized water. The effects of the extent of leaching, fertilizer type, application rate and the time of contact with the soil on soil solution P levels were investigated. The influence of annual pasture death and summer rainfall on rapidly released P in soils that had been pre-treated by leaching were also investigated. Phosphorus concentrations decreased logarithmically in the successive supernatants of the sequentially desorbed soils. More P was desorbed from soils incubated with superphosphate and lime-superphosphate than soil incubated with coastal superphosphate. At each level of pre-leaching, the P concentrations in the soil solution increased with increasing time. The level, to which the P concentration in the soil solution increased at each time, decreased with increased extent of pre-leaching. The addition of P fertilizers increased the concentration of P in the soil solution. The concentrations increased with increasing application rate and were much higher for superphosphate than for coastal superphosphate; however, there was little effect of contact time on soil solution P levels. Rapidly released P levels after leaching increased during a period of no further leaching. Additional moisture or plant material during this period of no further leaching increased the rate and extent to which rapidly released P increased. Monitoring of rapidly released P in the 0-2, 2-5, 5-10 and 10-20 cm layers of field plots, with and without applications of superphosphate, showed that sampling depth, water flow path, fertilizer management, rainfall pattern and background P levels would affect the estimate of short-term P losses. Rapidly released P in the 0-2 cm layer varied markedly with time and was higher (P < 0.05) than that in lower soil layers. Rapidly released P increased after the winter and spring rains diminished and then decreased after the rains commenced again at the end of the summer. A possible annual cycle of P in sandy soils in a mediterranean climate is postulated by considering the laboratory and field data in combination.

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Impact of management practices on soil microbial properties under wheat-cluster bean cropping system

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-3908 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nisha Nisha ◽

Meenu Walia ◽

Navneet Batra ◽

Rajesh Gera ◽

Sneh Goyal

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Cropping System ◽

Management Systems ◽

Microbial Biomass C ◽

Soil Microbial ◽

Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen ◽

Continuous Application ◽

Mineralizable Nitrogen ◽

Microbiological Properties

A study of organic, integrated and inorganic plant nutrient management systems was conducted to determine the effect of management practices on soil microbiological properties after 10 years of continuous application. The rate of C mineralization and potentially mineralizable nitrogen were 6.8 and 41.5 mg/kg soil, respectively. Arginine ammonification and nitrification activities were 0.88 µg NH4+- N/g soil/h and 56.0 µg NO3--N/g/day, respectively. Microbial biomass C, N and P were 320, 40 and 12 mg/kg soil, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase, urease and cellulase activities were highest with application of VC@15t /ha.

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Effect of moisture content on biophysical characteristics of chickpea cultivars

Legume Research - An International Journal ◽

10.18805/lr-368 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Nisha . ◽

Meenu Walia ◽

Navneet Batra ◽

Rajesh Gera ◽

Sneh Goyal

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Nutrient Management ◽

Management Systems ◽

Microbial Biomass C ◽

Plant Nutrient ◽

Potentially Mineralizable Nitrogen ◽

Continuous Application ◽

Mineralizable Nitrogen ◽

Chickpea Cultivars ◽

Microbiological Properties

A study of organic, integrated and inorganic plant nutrient management systems was conducted to determine the effect of management practices on soil microbiological properties after 10 years of continuous application. The rate of C mineralization and potentially mineralizable nitrogen were 6.8 and 41.5 mg/kg soil, respectively. Arginine ammonification and nitrification activities were 0.88 µg NH4+- N/g soil/h and 56.0 µg NO3--N/g/day, respectively. Microbial biomass C, N and P were 320, 40 and 12 mg/kg soil, respectively. Alkaline phosphatase, urease and cellulase activities were highest with application of VC@15t /ha.

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Simulation of phosphate leaching in acid sandy soils

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr9890055 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 27 (1) ◽

pp. 55 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

RG Gerritse

Keyword(s):

Management Practices ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Rate Coefficients ◽

Rate Equations ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Zero Rate ◽

Time Courses ◽

Chemical Distribution ◽

Phosphate Leaching ◽

Soil Distribution

Prediction of changes in amounts of phosphate leaching from soils with changes in management practices requires a detailed knowledge of the adsorption and desorption characteristics of the soils for phosphate. Non-equilibrium soil distribution of inorganic phosphate was determined at various rates of flow from time courses of phosphate in the leachates of small columns of sandy soils sampled from the Swan Coastal Plain in south-west Western Australia. Equilibrium distribution isotherms were estimated by extrapolating to zero rate of flow. Time courses of phosphate concentrations in the leachates were also calculated with a numerical compartmental simulation model. First-order transport rate equations with time-dependent rate coefficients adequately described the experimental time courses of the leachate concentrations. Kinetic parameters were based on a consideration of the physical/chemical distribution of ortho-phosphate only. The error due to this approach was evaluated by measuring the (biochemical) fixation of phosphate in soil organic matter.

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Effects of traditional soil management practices on the nutrient status in Sahelian sandy soils of Niger, West Africa

Geoderma ◽

10.1016/j.geoderma.2014.01.016 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 223-225 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kanako Suzuki ◽

Ryoichi Matsunaga ◽

Keiichi Hayashi ◽

Naruo Matsumoto ◽

Ramadjita Tabo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

West Africa ◽

Management Practices ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Soil Management ◽

Nutrient Status

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Yield and Quality of Carrot Cultivars with Eight Nitrogen Rates and Best Management Practices

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15983-21 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Robert Conway Hochmuth ◽

Marina Burani-Arouca ◽

Charles Edward Barrett

Keyword(s):

Best Management Practices ◽

Management Practices ◽

Sandy Soils ◽

Application Rate ◽

Fresh Market ◽

Marketable Yield ◽

N Application ◽

Winter Climate ◽

Best Management ◽

Application Rates

Carrot (Daucus carota) production has increased in North Florida and South Georgia since 2015. Deep sandy soils, moderate winter climate, availability of irrigation water, and proximity to eastern markets are favorable for carrot production in the region. Nitrogen (N) is required for successful carrot production, and the current recommended N application rate in Florida is 196 kg·ha−1. The objective of this study was to verify the recommended N rate for the sandy soils of North Florida using current industry standard cultivars and practices. Carrot cultivars for the whole carrot fresh market, Choctaw and Maverick, and cultivars for the cut-and-peel market, Triton and Uppercut 25, were direct seeded on 102-cm-wide pressed bed tops on 29 Oct. 2016 and 2 Nov. 2017 in Live Oak, FL. Eight N application rates (56, 112, 168, 224, 280, 336, 392, and 448 kg·ha−1) were tested, and all N applications were placed on the bed top. N rates were split and timed to increase N use efficiency. Regression analyses were used to determine the optimal N rate for carrots in North Florida. A quadratic plateau regression for both seasons combined indicated 206 kg·ha−1 N was the optimal rate for carrots, with marketable yield of 71.3 Mg·ha−1, regardless of cultivar. All four cultivars attained acceptable yield including Uppercut 25, which exhibited significant foliage damage following freezing temperatures. This study resulted in updated information on best management practices for carrot production in Florida, especially nutrient stewardship.

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A comparison of indexing methods to evaluate quality of soils: the role of soil microbiological properties

Soil Research ◽

10.1071/sr11147 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 49 (8) ◽

pp. 733 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Romina Romaniuk ◽

Lidia Giuffré ◽

Alejandro Costantini ◽

Norberto Bartoloni ◽

Paolo Nannipieri

Keyword(s):

Soil Properties ◽

Soil Quality ◽

Management Practices ◽

Microbial Biomass Carbon ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Undisturbed Soil ◽

Physical Chemical ◽

Microbiological Properties

The study evaluates and compares two procedures for selecting soil quality indicators (used for the construction of soil quality indices, SQI) by using diverse chemical, physical, and biological properties, and evaluates the role of soil microbiological properties in the construction of SQI. Different soil environments were selected from an extensive agricultural production site in the rolling pampa, Buenos Aires, Argentina. The plots included an undisturbed soil, a grassland soil, and continuous tilled soils with four different surface horizon depths (25, 23, 19, and 14 cm). Various properties were measured, and a minimum dataset was chosen by principal component analysis (PCA) considering all measured soil properties together (procedure A), or the PCA was performed separately according to classification as physical, chemical, or biological soil properties (procedure B). The measured soil properties involved physical, chemical, and biochemical properties determined by standard protocols used in routine laboratory analysis (simple SQI, SSQI) or more laborious protocols to determine microbial community structure and function by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and catabolic response profile (CRP), respectively (complex SQI, CSQI). The selected properties were linearly normalised and integrated by the weight additive method to calculate SSQI A, SSQI B, CSQI A, and CSQI B indices. Two microbiological SQI (MSQI) were also calculated; MSQI 1 considered only biological properties according to the procedure used for calculating SQI; MSQI 2 was calculated by considering three selected microbiological parameters representing the size (microbial biomass carbon), activity (soil basal respiration), and functional diversity (evenness, determined by CRP) of the microbial communities. All of the constructed indices show the same differences among the study sites. The inclusion of CRP and PLFA data in the indices slightly increased, or did not increase, the index sensitivity. Microbiological indices had the same sensitivity as the indices integrated by physical, chemical, and biological properties. An evaluation of the SQI constructed by both procedures found no difference in sensitivity. However, SQI constructed by procedure B allowed evaluation of the effects of management practices on physical, chemical, and biological soil properties.

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