scholarly journals Continuity and Innovations in the Middle Sarmatian and Late Sarmatian Cultures (Based on the Materials of Staritsa Burial Mound)

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
Mikhail Krivosheev ◽  
Mariya Balabanova ◽  
Anatoliy Skripkin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Cranial Measurements ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Population Continuity

This article considers the issues of continuity and innovations in the middle and late Sarmatian cultures on the materials of Staritsa burial mound. The burial mound was dug out in the 60s of the 20th century by archaeological expedition under the leadership of V.P. Shilov. To solve this problem the main features of burial complexes and anthropological materials of the 1st – 3rd centuries A.D. were analyzed. The source base of the research includes materials of 30 burial complexes and cranial measurements of 22 skulls. To highlight transition periods the authors used the method of determining sign’s weight during its allocation to the antecedent or subsequent culture, as well as its chronological range. Digital information on anthropological series obtained in the process of measuring skulls was processed by the simple and multivariate statistics methods to identify the population continuity, similarities and differences. As a result of the study, the authors have identified and substantiated partial continuity of the two cultural traditions at the stage of their interaction, which apparently began near the middle of the 2nd century AD, when late Sarmatian culture representatives appeared in the Lower Volga region. The transformation of such middle Sarmatian culture signs as diagonal burials and the appearance of late Sarmatian culture signs such as northern orientation of a buried, cubic incense burners, skulls with traces of artificial deformation may indicate the influence of a new culture on traditions of local people, who continued to dwell in this area and use the burial mound. As for the anthropological material, it shows that in this region the population of the middle and late Sarmatian time partially retains the appearance of its predecessors, the population of the early Sarmatian time. New components, such as long-headed Caucasoid and mixed Caucasoid-Mongoloid, identified on the basis of intragroup analysis, allow to reveal the type of migrants.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Anthropological Types of the Sarmatian Population That Left Staritsa Burial Mound

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Mariya Balabanova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Caucasoid Population

The paper presents the intergroup analysis made by the canonical method aimed at determining variability of anthropological types in chronological groups of the Sarmatian population that left Staritsa burial mound. For this purpose, digital information on 44 male and 30 female series including all three stages of Sarmatian culture from the burial mounds of the Lower Volga region was studied. The results of the analysis reveal smaller massiveness of the Sauromatian and Sarmatian population in comparison with the Bronze Age samples. The main anthropological type, whose carriers were the early Sarmatian groups of Staritsa burial mound, is the type of ancient Eastern Caucasians, and they are not separated from the synchronous population of other burial mounds. Characteristic features of this type include meso-brachycrania, weakened horizontal profiling at the upper facial level and a quite Caucasoid structure of the nose and nasal bones. There is the influx of the long-headed Caucasoid population in the middle Sarmatian epoch, which increases due time, and the late Sarmatian population acquires dolicho-mesocrane features. In the early epoch, the middle– late 2nd century A.D., some cultural and morphological features are blurred, as the material from burial 2 of barrow 8, burial 1 of barrow 54 and burial 1 of barrow 11 shows. In the late Sarmatian time, the inflow of not only long-headed groups, but also individuals with the mixed anthropological Caucasoid-Mongoloid type was possible. Like the early Sarmatian group from Staritsa burial mound, the late Sarmatian group is more similar to the synchronous population from other Lower Volga burials.

scholarly journals Ethnogenetic Relations Between the Population of the Middle Sarmatian Time in the Eastern European Steppes

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Balabanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Discriminate Analysis ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Introduction. The author of the article shows the problem of ethnogenetic relations between the population of the Middle Sarmatian time (1st – the first half of the 2nd c. AD) of the Lower Volga region and the Lower Don. Methods and materials. The author analyzes craniological series of more than 400 skulls for solving this problem. The author uses digital information on the synchronous population (53 male and 47 female craniological series) to identify the ancestor-descendant relationships. The paper shows the comparative analysis carried out with the help of discriminate analysis by the canonical method. The results of the analysis are processed by the multidimensional non-metric scaling and cluster analysis to visualize on the Mahalanobis proximity distance matrix. Analysis. The results of the comparative analysis allow revealing the significant morphological similarity of the Middle Sarmatian territorial groups of the Lower Volga and the Lower Don. This similarity can be primarily explained by the commonality of the Europeoid genetic substrate dating back to the population of the Early Sarmatian time in these regions. In addition to this component, various Eastern components participated in the formation of the anthropological type of the Middle Sarmatian population. In the process of migration and integration these components defined the population’s image of the 1st – the first half of the 2nd centuries BC as the morphological complex. Results. The results of the comparative analysis suggest at least two Eastern components. The first component has mixed Mongoloid-Caucasoid features and its origin is associated with the population of Kazakhstan of the 3rd – 1st centuries BC (presumably with kangyu population) and the Southern Siberia (Pazyryk and Kamenskaya cultures). The second one also has the South Siberian origin (Tagar-tesinsk), but its racial type is defined as a type of long-headed Europeoids.

scholarly journals The Projects of Agricultural Diversity (The Lower Volga Region, the Kalmyk Region and the German Republic in the 20–30-s of the 20th c.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 102-114
Author(s):  
Tat’jana Ivanova ◽  
Aleksandr Klejtman
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Flood Plain ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
German Republic ◽  
Regional Product ◽  
Agricultural Diversity ◽  
Aromatic Herbs

Introduction. The analysis of agricultural diversity projects made on the materials of studies in the Lower Volga region, the Kalmyk Region and the German Republic allows to solve 2 problems. Firstly, it defines the possibilities of expanding the species of industrial crops, medicinal and aromatic herbs. Secondly, it suggests the idea to increase the distribution of certain farmlands (namely of the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain) by means of elaborating the directions of their development. The article contains the results of research works performed during the 20–30s of the 20th century on the territory of current Astrakhan, Volgograd, Saratov regions and the Republic of Kalmykia. The work evaluates the opportunities of using these territories for increasing gross regional product. Methods and materials. The methods of the research: the principles of historicism and objectivity, analysis, synthesis, the historical and genetic method, the systematic approach. The works of N.I. Anisimov, V.P. Danilov, V.A. Ilinykh and others study collectivization, strengthening of agricultural material and technical resources. Since 90s of the 20th century the representatives of non-historical sciences have been studying the conditions of flora in different regions of Russia, the specifics of economic use of unique natural objects. Analysis. The article gives the analysis of projects on cultivating new species of industrial, medicinal, aromatic crops, sericulture. The paper considers the plans of developing the Volga-Akhtuba flood plain as well. Using the previous experience improves modern developments. Results. The authors came to the conclusion on the possibility of cultivating new industrial crops (sunflower, mustard, linen, tobacco, hemp, cotton, soy, castor bean, kenaf, peanut, poppy), medicinal and aromatic herbs and carried out zoning of planting, including with ensuring the complex use of the Volga-Akhtuba flood plain. An increased acreage for sericulture was planned. The population was distrustful to plans for cultivating new cultures. This was due to the lack of knowledge in agronomy and errors in the choice of planting material. The productivity became lower than at pilot farms. The reduction in research financing did not give the chance to overcome these negative factors. Besides, obtaining good results demanded irrigation, which passed in the Lower Volga region in the middle of the 20th century. Now using specified developments can become one of the directions of developing the agriculture of the Lower Volga region as the problems of conducting agriculturalproduction stated above become more surmountable on current material and technical resources. Earlier the crops under consideration were grown up in Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan. Now these states are independent, so it is reasonable to produce a larger range of agricultural products in Russian regions to improve food security.

scholarly journals Comparison of geometric microliths of the Northern Caspian and Lower Don

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 204-208
Author(s):  
Valery Andreevich Smagin
Keyword(s):  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Cultural Affiliation ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Geometric Type ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Stable Series ◽  
Neolithic Monuments

Geometric microliths are inherent in almost all the Mesolithic and Neolithic monuments in the Lower Volga Region. For the sites of the territory they play a key role. With the help of this type of tools, it is possible to determine the cultural affiliation and chronological position of the studied monuments. In this paper we mainly consider the Neolithic sites on the territory of the Lower Volga and Lower Donets, which have geometric microliths in stone implements. Most of these monuments have a fairly stable series of tools of a geometric type, which makes it possible to compare them among themselves and draw parallels. The results of radiocarbon dating for Neolithic monuments of the Lower Volga and Lower Donets are presented. There is a typological comparison of these sites. The paper discusses similarities and differences, as well as possible contacts, or the lack of population on the two territories - the Lower Volga and the Lower Donets. The author comes to the conclusion that based on the analysis of geometric microliths it is not possible to trace a significant connection between the population of the Lower Volga and the Lower Donets. In the development of the flint industries of these regions there are more differences than similarities.

scholarly journals About Anthropological Connections Between the Scythians of the Northern Black Sea Region and the Sauromat-Sarmatian Population of 6th – 3rd Centuries BC

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Mariya Balabanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Lower Volga

Introduction. The article discusses the issue of possible connections of the Sauromat-Early Sarmatian population of the 6th – 3rd centuries BC of the Southern Urals, the Lower Volga region and the Lower Don with the synchronous groups of the Northern Black Sea region according to physical anthropology. This problem is directly related to the origin of the Scythians, which still remains controversial. The review of scientific literature has shown that the problem of anthropological relationships between these two groups of early nomads in Eastern Europe has not yet been considered. Methods and materials. Testing for the existence of models of ethnogenetic relationships was carried out using intergroup comparisons of craniometric data. Mass material on the early nomads of the Sauromat-Early Sarmatian period of the Southern Urals, the Lower Volga region, the Lower Don and the steppe Scythians of the Northern Black Sea region was processed by the canonical method, followed by the consideration of the proximity of Mahalanobis. For this, digital information on 48 male and 30 female craniological series was used. Results. The greatest morphological similarity with the eastern Sauromat-Early Sarmatian populations is possessed by an elite group from the royal kurgans (Aleksandropol and Zheltokamenka), as well as local groups from the Sivash and Nosak regions. In all compared groups, the type of ancient Eastern Caucasians prevails, which combined mesobrachicrania with a weakened horizontal facial profile at the upper level. Thus, the results of the study showed the presence of ethnogenetic relationships in the studied early nomads, which either confirms the hypothesis about the possible influence of the Sauromat-Early Sarmatian component on changes in the intragroup structure of the Northern Black Sea populations, or indicate the presence of a single genetic substrate of South Siberian origin.

Comparative evaluation of breeding lines of sugar sorgo in competitive variety testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Vertikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
The State ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Variety Testing

In a competitive variety trial, promising selection lines of sugar sorghum were studied in the Lower Volga region. Based on a set of signs, the best lines were identified, which are recommended for transfer to the State Variety Testing. Breeding lines, which are distinguished by high values of commercially valuable traits, can be used in planned crosses to create highly productive varieties and hybrids of sugar sorghum.

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