scholarly journals Ethnogenetic Relations Between the Population of the Middle Sarmatian Time in the Eastern European Steppes

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariya Balabanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Discriminate Analysis ◽  
Southern Siberia ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

Introduction. The author of the article shows the problem of ethnogenetic relations between the population of the Middle Sarmatian time (1st – the first half of the 2nd c. AD) of the Lower Volga region and the Lower Don. Methods and materials. The author analyzes craniological series of more than 400 skulls for solving this problem. The author uses digital information on the synchronous population (53 male and 47 female craniological series) to identify the ancestor-descendant relationships. The paper shows the comparative analysis carried out with the help of discriminate analysis by the canonical method. The results of the analysis are processed by the multidimensional non-metric scaling and cluster analysis to visualize on the Mahalanobis proximity distance matrix. Analysis. The results of the comparative analysis allow revealing the significant morphological similarity of the Middle Sarmatian territorial groups of the Lower Volga and the Lower Don. This similarity can be primarily explained by the commonality of the Europeoid genetic substrate dating back to the population of the Early Sarmatian time in these regions. In addition to this component, various Eastern components participated in the formation of the anthropological type of the Middle Sarmatian population. In the process of migration and integration these components defined the population’s image of the 1st – the first half of the 2nd centuries BC as the morphological complex. Results. The results of the comparative analysis suggest at least two Eastern components. The first component has mixed Mongoloid-Caucasoid features and its origin is associated with the population of Kazakhstan of the 3rd – 1st centuries BC (presumably with kangyu population) and the Southern Siberia (Pazyryk and Kamenskaya cultures). The second one also has the South Siberian origin (Tagar-tesinsk), but its racial type is defined as a type of long-headed Europeoids.

scholarly journals Cultural and Morphological Differentiation of the Population of the Middle Bronze Age in the Lower Volga Region and Adjacent Territories

2020 ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Mariya Balabanova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Bronze Age ◽  
Morphological Differentiation ◽  
Distance Matrix ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Middle Bronze Age ◽  
Cultural Component

Introduction. The author of the article considers the cultural and morphological differentiation of the population of the Middle Bronze Age in the Lower Volga region and adjacent territories. Methods and materials. The researcher has analyzed 18 male craniological series, which were compiled from published and new materials. The authors contribution is more than 230 skulls. The comparative analysis has been carried out by the canonical method to solve the problem. The Mahalanobis proximity distance matrix has been processed by cluster analysis to visualize the results as a dendrogram. Analysis. The results of the comparative analysis reveal a significant morphological similarity of the population of the Lower Volga region catacomb circle cultures who did not practice the deformation custom, except for a burial ground series of the Volga-Don variant. First of all this similarity can be explained by the commonality of the genetic substrate. A series of skulls with traces of artificial deformation has a certain similarity, the distribution of intergroup variability can be associated not only with the modeling effect of the deforming structure on the craniological patterns, but also the genetic relationship of this group of populations. Results. The series of the Volga-Don variant is more similar to the Poltavka culture series in the Lower Volga region, which confirms the hypothesis made by some scientists about the evolutionary nature of the development of cultural elements from the earlier Poltavka to the later Volga-Don ones. This group has some similarities with the late Ymna population of the Lower Volga region. As for the population of the PostCatacomb time (Krivolukskaya and Lola cultures), they differ from the rest of the population by a longer and narrower skull, which is apparently related to the foreign cultural component that took part in the origin of these populations.

scholarly journals Wagons in Sarmatian Burials of the Lower Volga and Lower Don Kurgans. Part 1

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-199
Author(s):  
Boris Raev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern European ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Socialist Republic ◽  
Soviet Socialist Republic ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Wooden Frame ◽  
Altai Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
The One ◽  
Burial Rite

The article deals with two burial sites from the Sarmatian kurgans located in the Lower Volga region. Three wheels and two axles of the wagon covering the grave in a wooden frame were discovered in the burial close to the Merkel village excavated in 1929 in the upper reaches of the Karamysh River, on the territory of the Volga German Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. Some details have shown that few parts of the wagon were placed in the grave in unfinished form. The diary records of the escavations author Paul Rau, which were found in archives, contained important information. The second burial was explored in the early 1970s in the Astrakhan region. Two wheels were preserved in the grave closing the access to the inner chamber. An analysis of the construction of the graves and wagons parts enables to speak about two types of grave structures in which wagons were placed – simple graves, and graves with inner chambers. The simple graves are contained not only of wheels but also of body parts and other parts of wagon as well. While graves with inner chambers includes only wheels, closing the inner chamber. Parts of old wagons, their unfinished parts, optionally defective ones, have been used in the burial ceremony. The search for analogs refers to the burials of Central Asia and Altai region, which possesses the evidences of two-axle wagons genesis. The one-axle wagons which appeared in the Eastern European steppes at later time are connected originally to the same region. The second part of this article will focus on the origin of the burial rite itself, as well as the spreading time of the tradition, its ways, and mechanism - from the eastern to the western regions of the Eurasian steppes.

scholarly journals Continuity and Innovations in the Middle Sarmatian and Late Sarmatian Cultures (Based on the Materials of Staritsa Burial Mound)

2019 ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
Mikhail Krivosheev ◽  
Mariya Balabanova ◽  
Anatoliy Skripkin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Multivariate Statistics ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Cranial Measurements ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Population Continuity

This article considers the issues of continuity and innovations in the middle and late Sarmatian cultures on the materials of Staritsa burial mound. The burial mound was dug out in the 60s of the 20th century by archaeological expedition under the leadership of V.P. Shilov. To solve this problem the main features of burial complexes and anthropological materials of the 1st – 3rd centuries A.D. were analyzed. The source base of the research includes materials of 30 burial complexes and cranial measurements of 22 skulls. To highlight transition periods the authors used the method of determining sign’s weight during its allocation to the antecedent or subsequent culture, as well as its chronological range. Digital information on anthropological series obtained in the process of measuring skulls was processed by the simple and multivariate statistics methods to identify the population continuity, similarities and differences. As a result of the study, the authors have identified and substantiated partial continuity of the two cultural traditions at the stage of their interaction, which apparently began near the middle of the 2nd century AD, when late Sarmatian culture representatives appeared in the Lower Volga region. The transformation of such middle Sarmatian culture signs as diagonal burials and the appearance of late Sarmatian culture signs such as northern orientation of a buried, cubic incense burners, skulls with traces of artificial deformation may indicate the influence of a new culture on traditions of local people, who continued to dwell in this area and use the burial mound. As for the anthropological material, it shows that in this region the population of the middle and late Sarmatian time partially retains the appearance of its predecessors, the population of the early Sarmatian time. New components, such as long-headed Caucasoid and mixed Caucasoid-Mongoloid, identified on the basis of intragroup analysis, allow to reveal the type of migrants.

scholarly journals About Anthropological Connections Between the Scythians of the Northern Black Sea Region and the Sauromat-Sarmatian Population of 6th – 3rd Centuries BC

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-55
Author(s):  
Mariya Balabanova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Southern Urals ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Materials Testing ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
The Southern Urals ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Black Sea Region ◽  
Elite Group ◽  
Lower Volga

Introduction. The article discusses the issue of possible connections of the Sauromat-Early Sarmatian population of the 6th – 3rd centuries BC of the Southern Urals, the Lower Volga region and the Lower Don with the synchronous groups of the Northern Black Sea region according to physical anthropology. This problem is directly related to the origin of the Scythians, which still remains controversial. The review of scientific literature has shown that the problem of anthropological relationships between these two groups of early nomads in Eastern Europe has not yet been considered. Methods and materials. Testing for the existence of models of ethnogenetic relationships was carried out using intergroup comparisons of craniometric data. Mass material on the early nomads of the Sauromat-Early Sarmatian period of the Southern Urals, the Lower Volga region, the Lower Don and the steppe Scythians of the Northern Black Sea region was processed by the canonical method, followed by the consideration of the proximity of Mahalanobis. For this, digital information on 48 male and 30 female craniological series was used. Results. The greatest morphological similarity with the eastern Sauromat-Early Sarmatian populations is possessed by an elite group from the royal kurgans (Aleksandropol and Zheltokamenka), as well as local groups from the Sivash and Nosak regions. In all compared groups, the type of ancient Eastern Caucasians prevails, which combined mesobrachicrania with a weakened horizontal facial profile at the upper level. Thus, the results of the study showed the presence of ethnogenetic relationships in the studied early nomads, which either confirms the hypothesis about the possible influence of the Sauromat-Early Sarmatian component on changes in the intragroup structure of the Northern Black Sea populations, or indicate the presence of a single genetic substrate of South Siberian origin.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of Anthropological Types of the Sarmatian Population That Left Staritsa Burial Mound

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Mariya Balabanova
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Burial Mounds ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The Bronze Age ◽  
Caucasoid Population

The paper presents the intergroup analysis made by the canonical method aimed at determining variability of anthropological types in chronological groups of the Sarmatian population that left Staritsa burial mound. For this purpose, digital information on 44 male and 30 female series including all three stages of Sarmatian culture from the burial mounds of the Lower Volga region was studied. The results of the analysis reveal smaller massiveness of the Sauromatian and Sarmatian population in comparison with the Bronze Age samples. The main anthropological type, whose carriers were the early Sarmatian groups of Staritsa burial mound, is the type of ancient Eastern Caucasians, and they are not separated from the synchronous population of other burial mounds. Characteristic features of this type include meso-brachycrania, weakened horizontal profiling at the upper facial level and a quite Caucasoid structure of the nose and nasal bones. There is the influx of the long-headed Caucasoid population in the middle Sarmatian epoch, which increases due time, and the late Sarmatian population acquires dolicho-mesocrane features. In the early epoch, the middle– late 2nd century A.D., some cultural and morphological features are blurred, as the material from burial 2 of barrow 8, burial 1 of barrow 54 and burial 1 of barrow 11 shows. In the late Sarmatian time, the inflow of not only long-headed groups, but also individuals with the mixed anthropological Caucasoid-Mongoloid type was possible. Like the early Sarmatian group from Staritsa burial mound, the late Sarmatian group is more similar to the synchronous population from other Lower Volga burials.

Comparative evaluation of breeding lines of sugar sorgo in competitive variety testing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Vertikova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
The State ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Lower Volga Region ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
Variety Trial ◽  
Lower Volga ◽  
Variety Testing

In a competitive variety trial, promising selection lines of sugar sorghum were studied in the Lower Volga region. Based on a set of signs, the best lines were identified, which are recommended for transfer to the State Variety Testing. Breeding lines, which are distinguished by high values of commercially valuable traits, can be used in planned crosses to create highly productive varieties and hybrids of sugar sorghum.

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