scholarly journals Settlement Strategies of Caucasian Expatriate Communities in Volgograd Region: Final Third of the XXth Century – Early XXIst Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-147
Author(s):  
Sergey Sushchiy
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
Settlement Strategies ◽  
Natural Dynamics ◽  
Demographic Growth ◽  
The Early 21St Century

The purpose of this article is to study the geographic and demographic dynamics and the main settlement strategies of the leading Caucasian expatriate communities of Volgograd region. The study has found that the accelerated demographic growth of Caucasian communities of the region in the last third of the 20th century and in the early 21st century was primarily determined not by its natural dynamics, but by the arrival of migrants. The educational and labor migration of people born in the Caucasus into the region in the 1950s – 1960s formed small ethnic groups consisting mainly of men and their significant part concentrated in cities. The main reasons for the accelerated growth of regional expatriate communities of the peoples of the Southern Caucasus at the end of the Soviet period became social, economic problems and the growth of interethnic tension in the republics of Transcaucasia. The same factors contributed to a rapid demographic growth of these communities in the 1990s. The central driver of the quantitative growth of the number of North Caucasian expatriate communities in the 1970s – 1980s was the development of livestock husbandry in arid rural areas of the region. This economic niche significantly changed the settlement parameters, social and demographic characteristics of the North Caucasian communities. With a rapid increase of the number of communities, their level of urbanization significantly reduced, but at the same time the gender imbalance changed. The early 21st century for the majority of the Caucasian expatriate communities in the region became a time of quantitative stabilization and optimization of the already existing settlement areas.

scholarly journals POS Materials as an Instrument for Forming Visions of Kharkiv in the Second Half of the 20th – the Early 21st Century

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Present Stage ◽  
Railway Station ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
National University ◽  
Architectural Structures ◽  
The City ◽  
The Early 21St Century

The article is devoted to the analysis of POS materials as a tool for shaping the visions of Kharkiv in the second half of the 20th – the early 21st century. The primary sources are Soviet and modern envelopes, stamps and coins dedicated to Kharkiv. It was found that in the Soviet times, several key images of the city were shown by means of the visual culture: industrial and theatrical images of Kharkiv together with Kharkiv as a university city. Such architectural structures and monuments as the main building of O. M. Horkiy Kharkiv State University, T. G. Shevchenko monument, the South Railway Station and the Railway Station, etc. tended to appear on the soviet envelopes, stamps and coins. At the present stage the images of the city are being transformed in some ways on the envelopes, stamps and coins, in contrast to the Soviet visions which remained unchanged for decades. Above all, Kharkiv is losing its image of a large industrial city due to the economic crisis which has caused a significant decline in the capacity of the plants in the city. Today, the dominating images on the envelopes, stamps and coins give us an idea of Kharkiv as one of the largest educational and tourist centers in Eastern Ukraine. Especially, one of the main business cards of Kharkiv on coins, envelopes and stamps are Assumption, Annunciation, Intercession Cathedrals, Derzhprom (the House of State Industry), the fountain «Mirror Stream». An analysis that was aimed to measure the dynamic of the appearance of the envelopes, stamps and coins dedicated to Kharkiv self-presentation showed that the increase in the image numbers is associated with the anniversary celebrations. During the Soviet period, in particular, 1954, which was the year of the 300th anniversary of Kharkiv, became such a date. At the present stage, the sharp increase in the appearance of coins, stamps and envelopes happened in 2004 as it was the celebration of the 200th anniversary of Kharkiv National University and the 350th anniversary of Kharkiv.

The Swahili Civilization in Eastern Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elgidius B. Ichumbaki ◽  
Edward Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Forthcoming Article ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The North ◽  
The Early 21St Century

This is an advance summary of a forthcoming article in the Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Anthropology. Please check back later for the full article. Urbanization and globalization, happening in Africa in the early 21st century, have deep foundations in the continent’s history. In Sub-Saharan Africa, for example, theories on the origin of urbanization developed through the 20th century from a more external origin emphasis, with little recognition of a greater part played by local people. The producers of these cultures engaged in activities shaped by environment, and socio-cultural, political, and economic connections. For instance, in eastern Africa, Iron Age people became united by language and religion, and exploited the coast and sea during the Medieval period to trade with inland Africa, southern Asia, and Europe, producing what has become popularly known as the Swahili Civilization. This civilization along the coast of eastern Africa is marked by material culture of iron working, production of cloth, pottery, beads, and glass, as well as monumental constructions that range from mosques and tombs to palaces. A maritime trade assisted by seasonally reversing monsoon winds exported gold, slaves, animal skins, ivory, and mangroves from eastern Africa, and imported beads, porcelain, and silks. The evidence that marks the Swahili Civilization is spread over an area that extends about three thousand kilometres from Mogadishu (Somalia) in the north to Chibuene (Mozambique) in the South. The Swahili Civilization also includes the islands of Unguja (Zanzibar), Pemba, Mafia, Comoros, and northern Madagascar. The Swahili coast includes UNESCO World Heritage Sites of Lamu Old Town, Zanzibar Stone Town, Ruins of Kilwa Kisiwani and Songo Mnara, and Ilha de Mozambique Island. The civilization continues in the early 21st century with oral traditions and maritime technology that are a testimony to coastal Swahili culture continuing through eastern Africa’s social and economic challenges.

North Africa from 600 to 1800

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen Fromherz
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
African Society ◽  
North African ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The North ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Sunni Islam ◽  
The Early 21St Century

North Africa was shaped fundamentally by the coming of Islam and the subsequent migration of large numbers of Arab peoples. Although the Romans and the Phoenicians made important contributions, especially on the coasts and in fertile valleys, they did not alter the religious, linguistic character of North African society as deeply as did the Muslim conquests. Even though Sunni Islam has generally become the clear, dominant religion, many instances of resistance to orthodoxy have occurred in the North African frontier. Also, the Berber peoples, never happy to be under the yoke of central urban authority, were frequently organized under various religious ideologies. In the early 21st century Arabs and Berbers often see themselves as part of the same community and culture, especially because they have united for common cause against European rule and interference.

Outlining a grammaticalization path for the Spanish formula en plan (de): A contribution to crosslinguistic pragmatics

Linguistics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1543-1579
Author(s):  
Paula Rodríguez-Abruñeiras
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Contrastive Analysis ◽  
Discourse Marker ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Diachronic Study ◽  
Diachronic Development ◽  
The Early 21St Century

AbstractThis article discusses the diachronic development of the Spanish multifunctional formula en plan (with its variant en plan de, literally ‘in plan (of)’ but usually equivalent to English like). The article has two main aims: firstly, to describe the changes that the formula has undergone since its earliest occurrences as a marker in the nineteenth century up to the early 21st century. The diachronic study evinces a process of grammaticalization in three steps: from noun to clause adverbial and then to discourse marker. Secondly, to conduct a contrastive analysis between en plan (de) and the English markers like and kind of/kinda so as to shed new light on the potential existence of a universal pathway of grammaticalization in the emergence of discourse markers.

Survival of cervical cancer patients in Germany in the early 21st century: A period analysis by age, histology, and stage

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 915-921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhui Chen ◽  
Lina Jansen ◽  
Adam Gondos ◽  
Katharina Emrich ◽  
Bernd Holleczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Period Analysis ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
The Early 21St Century
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