Selection of Monitoring points for the Number and Infectivity of the Main Vectors of West Nile Virus in the Volgograd Region

Relevance. Since 1999, the incidence of West Nile fever has been recorded in the Volgograd region. The main vectors of West Nile virus in Russia are Cx mosquitoes. pipiens L. and Cx. modestus Fic. An objective assessment of the entomological situation and infection rate of these species within the framework of epidemiological surveillance of West Nile fever is possible only in biotopes with sufficiently high numbers of mosquitoes; therefore, the choice of sampling points is an urgent task. Purpose of the study. Analysis of the West Nile virus main vectors - mosquitoes Cx. pipiens L. and Cx. modestus Fic. average number, occurrence and infection rate at the various open biotopes of the Volgograd region to justify the choice of optimal points for entomological monitoring. Materials and methods. The catching and accounting of the mosquitoes’ number was carried out in 2015–2019 from May to August in the third decade of each month in a floodplain forest, at a personal plot, a summer cottage and on bank of water body. To catch mosquitoes, automatic traps Mosquito Magnet Executive and LovKom-1 were used. The accounting unit was the number of mosquitoes collected in both traps per trap-night. The average number, the index of occurrence and infection rate were determined by generally accepted methods. Detection of West Nile virus RNA in samples of mosquito pool suspensions was performed by RT-PCR using the AmpliSense WNV-FL reagent kit. The results were statistically processed using Microsoft Excel 2016 (Microsoft Corporation, USA). Results. In the 2015-2019 period, 17468 mosquitoes of the genus Culex: 8258 species – Cx. pipiens L., 9210 species – Cx. modestus Fic. were collected in over than 80 trap nights at the selected stationary points of the Volgograd region. Average number of Cx. pipiens L. was: in the floodplain forest – 4.6 individuals per 1 trap-night; at the personal plot – 183.9; at the summer cottage – 30.2; on the bank of water body – 194.3. Average number of Cx. modestus Fic. was: in the floodplain forest – 5.2 individuals per 1 trapnight; at the personal plot – 8.3; at the summer cottage – 2.5;on the bank of water body – 444.6. Occurrence index Cx. pipiens L. was highon the bank of water body and at the personal plot (47.1% and 44.5%, respectively), much lower – at the summer cottage (7.3%) and in the floodplain forest (1.1%). Level of WNV infection among Cx. pipiens L.on a personal plot was 5.4%, on a summer cottage – 3.6%,on the bank of water body – 2.2%. No infected samples were found among Cx. pipiens L. collected from the floodplain forest. WNV RNA in samples from mosquitoes Cx. modestus Fic. found only in individuals caughton the bank of water body. Their infection rate was 1.2%. Discussion. Ecological plasticity of Cx. pipiens L. mosquitoes allows them to live in settlements and near water bodies. Mosquitoes of the species Cx. modestus Fic. do not fly away from ponds, breeding places. Conclusion. High numbers and occurrence of the Cx. pipiens L. mosquitoes were observed at a personal plot within the city andon the bank of water body, Cx. modestus Fic. –on the bank of water body. WNV RNA positive samples were detected from mosquitoes collected at the personal plot, the summer cottage andon the bank of water body. To monitor the number and infection rate among Cx. pipiens L., points of registration and sampling should be placed in open stationson personal plots in settlements, banks of water bodies and summer cottages. We recommend to carry entomological monitoring for Cx. modestus Fic. out onlyon the banks of water bodies along the water's edge in reed thickets. The placement of the main WNV vectors number and infection rate monitoring points in the floodplain forest is not advisable.

Specific Features of Linguistic Coding of Elements of a Godonym Space

The article analyses linguistic constituency of the godonym space of three cities in the Volgograd region – Volgograd, Kamyshin and Petrov Val. The godonym space is a set of geographic names officially assigned to linear topo objects located within settlements. Having taken into account the definitions of the term "linguistic code" in linguistics, the authors offer their interpretation of the phenomenon under study. The research revealed the most important features of the linguistic code: consistency, structural unity, relevant-to-users information, as well as conventionality and symbolism, which convey positive assessments. The linguistic codes that understate intracity linear topo objects nominations are distinguished and specified as memorial, locative, topographic, anthropogenic, symbolic, naturalistic, relatively-abstract, orderly types. Both the general features of motivations in the code actualization for naming linear topographic objects, and the specific set of odonyms that nominates locations in the godonym space of every of the three cities have been established. It was noted that, being the largest, Volgograd godonym space demonstrates variety of linguistic codes, whereas Kamyshin and Petrov Val codes are specified by memorial, local, topographis, anthropogenic and symbolic types. The article offers for observation the historically defined set of geographical names of linear topographic objects in the three cities of the Volgograd region, which reflects multiple ethnic contacts of it, and renaming of road names due to the local authorities "interference" in the godonym space.

Geoinformation Methodology of Agricultural Land Evaluation for Agricultural Economic Growth

The formation of an economically developed management system for the country's agro-industrial complex cannot be considered only from the point of view of a separate science. Land resources are the source of profit, which is involved in almost all sectors of society. Land preservation and improvement is required to ensure an economic security and competitiveness of each region of the Russian Federation). The dynamics of changes in the areas of Svetloyarsky district of the Volgograd region in the context of municipalities is analyzed. The actual deviation of the area of Privolzhsky rural settlement amounts to 2,3 % of the statistical data. The boundaries and areas of the used plots of arable land in the Raigorod settlement do not coincide with the data of the state cadastral registration, the discrepancy of only one land plot is 422,44 hectares. By implementing GIS-technologies, the data were obtained for 2355 arable land plots, whereof the irrigated land area amounts to 52138 hectares, instead of the potentially possible 19455 hectares, that exceeds the settlement's capabilities by 2,7 times according to the statistical data.

Comparative assessment of amateur fishing influence on water bioresources of Lake Tsatsa in Volgograd region

The paper presents the results of research conducted in 2020 on the impact of amateur fishing on the aquatic bioresources of Lake Tsatsa, which is part of the Sarpin Lakes located in the Volgograd region. On the basis of field studies (direct accounting), the number of amateur fishermen who visited the lake, as well as the qualitative and quantitative composition of their catches, was established. According to the data obtained, the total catch of fish by amateur fishermen, as well as the average catch per fisherman, was estimated. The size and weight composition of amateur fishing catches was determined based on the analysis of 2912 fish species. During the observation period 9 fish species were marked as part of amateur fishermen’s catches. The assessment of compliance of aquatic biological resources catch by amateur fishermen with the norms of the current Fishing Regulations was carried out. An assessment of the scale of amateur fishing impact on the aquatic bioresources of Lake Tsatsa is given, according to the analysis of the collected data. The catch of amateur fishermen in 2020 in Lake Tsatsa is amounted to 8.8232 tons, which can account for up to 15% (about 65-70 tons) of the total stock of commercial fish species in the lake. The forecast values of the production volume for industrial fisheries, for which the total allowable catch (TAC) is established and the species for which the recommended catch is determined, are 5.9 and 18.6 tons, respectively. Out of the forecast volumes amateur fishermen additionally catch fish species for which the total allowable catch (TAC) is established (carp, bream, pike) in the amount of 2.858 tons, and species for which the recommended catch value is determined as 5.643 tons.

Actual issues of staffing of primary health care by district paediatrician on the example of the region of the Russian Federation

Introduction. Eliminating the personnel shortage in medical institutions that provide primary health care (PHC) to children is one of the priority tasks of the state policy in healthcare. The purpose of the work was to assess the impact of changes in the system of training medical personnel and measures to provide primary care medical personnel, implemented in the Volgograd region, on the availability of PHC for children in 2016-2018. Material and methods. According to the data of Central Research Institute of Healthcare Organization and Informatization and Volgograd Regional Medical Information and Analytical Centre analyzed the indices of provision, staffing of district paediatricians, coefficients of concurrency and the level of availability of PHC to the children’s population. Results and discussion. The number of district paediatricians in medical institutions of the Volgograd region from the period 2016-2018 increased by only 46 people with the graduation of 356 specialists from Volgograd State Medical University, which led to a slight increase in the provision of district paediatricians. At the same time, the staffing rate for pediatric sites and the average number of visits per child decreased from 7.9 to 7.6 cases. The studied indices vary significantly in urban and rural medical institutions. There is a high proportion of pre-retirement and retirement age specialists in the village. Twenty-eight district paediatricians participated in training under the “Zemsky Doctor” program, but some left for various reasons. Conclusion. The presence of pronounced differences in the indicators of provision of paediatricians by district doctors in the number of visits per 1 child between cities and municipal districts indicates significant differences in the availability of medical care. It requires organizational measures to overcome this kind of inequality. Admission to work through the primary accreditation procedure in the speciality “Pediatrics” and the implementation of the program “Zemsky Doctor” have not significantly eliminated the personnel deficit at the primary level.

Ecological trial of the winter wheat varieties of the ARC “Donskoy” in the area of dark chestnut soils of the Volgograd region

The current paper has presented the trial results of the winter wheat varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy” in 2018 -2020. Currently, the farmers have bred a lot of different wheat varieties, but they are not able to take into account all the peculiarities of their cultivation. The purpose of the current work was to study the features of the autumn and spring-summer vegetation periods of the winter wheat varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy” in the area of dark chestnut soils of the Volgograd region. There have been selected 10 winter wheat varieties for the trials. The field trial was laid down on dark chestnut soils of the lands of the Serafimovichsky district in the Volgograd region. The study was carried out according to the generally accepted B.A. Dospekhov’s methodology. The field trials showed that the germination of winter wheat was influenced by a seeding depth, which was 7-9 cm. The best germination was found among the varieties ‘Asket’, ‘Etyud’, ‘Lilit’, ‘Donskaya Step’ and ‘Zhavoronok’. During the trials, the formation of a productive stand was greatly influenced by the weather (the length of a spring tillering period, precipitation in May), as well as the traits of the variety. The winter wheat varieties ‘Etyud’, ‘Shef’, ‘Donskaya Step’, ‘Krasa Dona’ were able to form a large number of productive stems under favorable weather conditions. Under insufficient moisture supply, the largest number of productive stems was formed by the varieties ‘Lidiya’ and ‘Lilit’. The highest tillering intensity during an autumn vegetation period was shown by the variety ‘Lidiya’ (4.7–6.2 shoots), including the varieties ‘Zhavoronok’ (4.2–5.4 shoots) and ‘Etyud’ (4.0–5.3 shoots). The largest productivity was produced by the varieties ‘Donskaya Step’ (4.97 t/ha), ‘Zhavoronok’ (4.95 t/ha), ‘Krasa Dona’ (4.90 t/ha) over three years.

Distribution of Phrynocephalus helioscopus (Pallas, 1771) (Agamidae, Reptilia) in the West Kazakhstan and Atyrau regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Based on the results of our 2017–2021 field research, the coordinates of 17 meeting points of the sunwatcher toadhead agama (Phrynocephalus helioscopus) (Pallas, 1771) in the West Kazakhstan and Atyrau regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan are given, from 49°17.256'N, 48°14.048'E in the North to 46°34.330'N, 55°49.319'E in the South. The northern limit of the modern distribution in the Volga-Ural (Volga-Zhaiyk) interfluve is the saline in the Aral-sor lacustrine-saline depression and the Baigutta sor-liman depression in the left bank of the Ural (Zhaiyk) River. The sunwatcher toadhead agama habitats are confined to open spaces with salt lakes and sors. The dependence of the body’s upper side colour of sunwatcher toadhead agamas on the general background of the substrate is illustrated, namely: the colour is brown or dark grey on dark substrates, and light grey or ashy on light substrates. The history of the description of the species by P. S. Pallas and I. I. Lepekhin is briefly considered. According to the original and literary data the modern north-western border of the habitat, passing through the West Kazakhstan and the adjacent regions of the Russian Federation, has been clarified. It goes from the northern coast of the Caspian Sea, through Makhambet district of the Atyrau region, Krasnoyarsk and Kharabalinsky districts of the Astrakhan region, Kurmangazinsky district of the Atyrau region, Akhtubinsky district of the Astrakhan region, Bokeyordinsky district of the West Kazakhstan region, Pallasovsky district of the Volgograd region, and Kaztalovsky and Akzhayik districts of the West Kazakhstan region.

Efficiency Assessment of Measures for Sustainable Development of the Region Under the Uncertainty of Coronavirus Crisis

The article presents efficiency assessment of sustainable development measures in the region in the face of uncertainty caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The economic crisis caused by the pandemic is one of the most serious in recent decades. Its global nature is due to the scale of economic and social losses, aggravation of production problems for many industries and enterprises. Like other regions of the Russian Federation, Volgograd region has repeatedly faced crises since the early 2000s, and each of them has become a new challenge for the regional administration system in terms of its ability to develop and take timely measures to overcome negative consequences. In the article, a number of indicators were analyzed for three consequent periods. The first one is 2019 in comparison with 2018. The second period is 2020 in comparison with 2019. The third one is the beginning of 2021 and each of them is characterized by the ratio of various factors that influence the behavior of business entities, population of the region, development and use of managerial decisions aimed at sustainable social and economic development of Volgograd region. The recovery from the pandemic crisis became the most important task for regional authorities, which is reflected in the set of measures aimed at support of the economy and social sphere of the region, incomes of the population and businesses. It became necessary for public authorities to improve new rules of work and decision-making mechanisms in order to respond to the current situation in a timely manner. The authors believe that the main factors of success of the measures implemented by regional authorities were their quality, timeliness and degree of compliance with the set goals. Analysis and generalization of management experience during the corona virus crisis allowed us suggesting long-term measures aimed at the sustainable development of Volgograd region.

Structural Markup of Official Documents in Diachronic Linguistic Corpus: Problems and Solutions

The research relevance is determined by the need to annotate official documents of Don Cossack Host written in the middle of the 18 th century and kept in "Mikhailovsky Stanitsa Ataman" archive fund of the State Archive of the Volgograd Region (SAVR, fund 332, inventory 1), so as to compile a linguistic corpus. The authors characterize the problems of the deposited documentary text structural division. These difficulties occur due to the specifics of the form, the dynamics of genres and the syntactical peculiarities of business communication in the middle of the 18 th century. It is revealed that the complexity of documentary text division depends on the degree of its narrativity. The choice of a structural-semantic segment that coincides with a sentence or several closely connected sentences as a layout unit is motivated. A complex method of document segmentation for the structural markup is justified. The approach is based on genre parameterization of documents and their syntactic segmentation. It has been established that the segment boundaries can be indicated by the complex of graphic symbols, speech formulas that perform the function of details of payments, lexical and grammatical means. As a result of the study, it has been shown that the succession of procedures implemented for text segmentation, and targeted at genre and speech organization of the document identification, makes it possible to present in the diachronic corpus the information, which is necessary and sufficient for the user to conclude about the properties of the document text and its units.

Readiness of clinical laboratory diagnostics and cardiologists to implement the recommendations of the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction

This study describes the problems of the implementation of the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction in the medical institutions of four cities: Volgograd (with Volzhsky), Yekaterinburg, Perm, Ufa, and districts of the Volgograd region. The multicenter study was conducted in the form of a questionnaire of specialists in cardiology and laboratory services. After a survey of cardiac specialists, it was found that a third of them did not see the benefits of the hs-cTn test recommended for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction, and almost half of the specialists surveyed believed that myoglobin was a necessary test for detecting myocardial infarction. Probably, this is due to the fact that 16 clinical diagnostic laboratories from the 5 above regions still perform the determination of myoglobin in patients with suspected myocardial infarction. The material and technical support of medical and diagnostic institutions generally meets the requirements of the fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction. However, there is a problem of «qualitative» equipment of the regions of the Volgograd region, since only 3 out of 31 districts declared the possibility of carrying out a quantitative determination of hs-cTn , and qualitative analysis was carried out on platforms that are not monitored by the IFCC. It is worrying that almost half of the specialists of the clinical and diagnostic laboratories of the central district hospitals of the Volgograd region did not indicate the manufacturer of reagents for determining troponins. Thus, in the educational programs of advanced training of specialists in cardiology and laboratory services, it is necessary to include aspects related to the explanation of analytical characteristics, the characteristics of the technology for performing troponin tests and the related interpretation options for the results.