Calculated power from the oxidation of biomolecules with oxygen at South Pacific Gyre (hole U1370, IODP Expedition 329)

Abstract. The western tropical South Pacific was sampled along a longitudinal 4000 km transect (OUTPACE cruise, 18 February, 3 April 2015) for the measurement of carbonate parameters (total alkalinity and total inorganic carbon) between the Melanesian Archipelago (MA) and the western part of the South Pacific gyre (WGY). This paper reports this new dataset and derived properties: pH on the total scale (pHT) and the CaCO3 saturation state with respect to aragonite (Ωara). We also estimate anthropogenic carbon (CANT) distribution in the water column using the TrOCA method (Tracer combining Oxygen, inorganic Carbon and total Alkalinity). Along the OUTPACE transect a deeper penetration of CANT in the intermediate waters was observed in the MA, whereas highest CANT concentrations were detected in the subsurface waters of the WGY. By combining our OUTPACE dataset with data available in GLODAPv2 (1974–2009), temporal changes in oceanic inorganic carbon were evaluated. An increase of 1.3 to 1.6 µmol kg−1 a−1 for total inorganic carbon in the upper thermocline waters is estimated, whereas CANT increases by 1.1 to 1.2 µmol kg−1 a−1. In the MA intermediate waters (27 kg m−3 <σθ<27.2 kg m−3) an increase of 0.4 µmol kg−1 a−1 CANT is detected. Our results suggest a clear progression of ocean acidification in the western tropical South Pacific with a decrease in the oceanic pHT of up to −0.0027 a−1 and a shoaling of the saturation depth for aragonite of up to 200 m since the pre-industrial period.

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Redefining the Subsurface Biosphere: Characterization of Fungi Isolated From Energy-Limited Marine Deep Subsurface Sediment

Frontiers in Fungal Biology ◽

10.3389/ffunb.2021.727543 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

Author(s):

Brandi Kiel Reese ◽

Morgan S. Sobol ◽

Marshall Wayne Bowles ◽

Kai-Uwe Hinrichs

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

South Pacific ◽

Physical Growth ◽

Energy Budgets ◽

Deep Subsurface ◽

Fungal Populations ◽

South Pacific Gyre

The characterization of metabolically active fungal isolates within the deep marine subsurface will alter current ecosystem models and living biomass estimates that are limited to bacterial and archaeal populations. Although marine fungi have been studied for over fifty years, a detailed description of fungal populations within the deep subsurface is lacking. Fungi possess metabolic pathways capable of utilizing previously considered non-bioavailable energy reserves. Therefore, metabolically active fungi would occupy a unique niche within subsurface ecosystems, with the potential to provide an organic carbon source for heterotrophic prokaryotic populations from the transformation of non-bioavailable energy into substrates, as well as from the fungal necromass itself. These organic carbon sources are not currently being considered in subsurface energy budgets. Sediments from South Pacific Gyre subsurface, one of the most energy-limited environments on Earth, were collected during the Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 329. Anoxic and oxic sediment slurry enrichments using fresh sediment were used to isolate multiple fungal strains in media types that varied in organic carbon substrates and concentration. Metabolically active and dormant fungal populations were also determined from nucleic acids extracted from in situ cryopreserved South Pacific Gyre sediments. For further characterization of physical growth parameters, two isolates were chosen based on their representation of the whole South Pacific Gyre fungal community. Results from this study show that fungi have adapted to be metabolically active and key community members in South Pacific Gyre sediments and potentially within global biogeochemical cycles.

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A description of late and transformation stages of larvae of the Diaphus ostenfeldi in the western periphery of the South Pacific Gyre

Fishery Bulletin ◽

10.7755/fb.118.4.1 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 118 (4) ◽

pp. 319-323

Author(s):

Sergei A. Evseenko ◽

Yana Yu. Bolshakova

Keyword(s):

South Pacific ◽

The South ◽

South Pacific Gyre

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Volume distribution for particles between 3.5 to 2000 μm in the upper 200 m region of the South Pacific Gyre

Biogeosciences ◽

10.5194/bg-5-299-2008 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 299-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

L. Stemmann ◽

D. Eloire ◽

A. Sciandra ◽

G. A. Jackson ◽

L. Guidi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Weight Ratio ◽

South Pacific ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Volume Distribution ◽

The South ◽

Size Spectra ◽

Marquesas Islands ◽

Large Particles ◽

Living Organisms ◽

South Pacific Gyre

Abstract. The French JGOFS BIOSOPE cruise crossed the South Pacific Gyre (SPG) on a transect between the Marquesas Islands and the Chilean coast on a 7500 km transect (8° S–34° S and 8° W–72° W). The number and volume distributions of small (3.5100 μm) were analysed combining two instruments, the HIAC/Royco Counter (for the small particles) and the Underwater Video Profiler (UVP, for the large particles). For the HIAC analysis, samples were collected from 12 L CTD Rosette bottles and immediately analysed on board while the UVP provided an estimate of in situ particle concentrations and size in a continuous profile. Out of 76 continuous UVP and 117 discrete HIAC vertical profiles, 25 had both sets of measurements, mostly at a site close to the Marquesas Islands (site MAR) and one in the center of the gyre (site GYR). At GYR, the particle number spectra from few μm to few mm were fit with power relationships having slopes close to −4. At MAR, the high abundance of large objects, probably living organisms, created a shift in the full size spectra of particles such that a single slope was not appropriate. The small particle pool at both sites showed a diel pattern while the large did not, implying that the movement of mass toward the large particles does not take place at daily scale in the SPG area. Despite the relatively simple nature of the number spectra, the volume spectra were more variable because what were small deviations from the straight line in a log-log plot were large variations in the volume estimates. In addition, the mass estimates from the size spectra are very sensitive to crucial parameters such as the fractal dimension and the POC/Dry Weight ratio. Using consistent values for these parameters, we show that the volume of large particles can equal the volume of the smaller particles. However the proportion of material in large particles decreased from the mesotrophic conditions at the border of the SPG to the ultra-oligotrophy of the center in the upper 200 m depth. We expect large particles to play a major role in the trophic interaction in the upper waters of the South Pacific Gyre.

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Microbial community composition and nitrogen availability influence DOC remineralization in the South Pacific Gyre

Marine Chemistry ◽

10.1016/j.marchem.2015.06.024 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 177 ◽

pp. 325-334 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Robert T. Letscher ◽

Angela N. Knapp ◽

Anna K. James ◽

Craig A. Carlson ◽

Alyson E. Santoro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbial Community ◽

Community Composition ◽

Nitrogen Availability ◽

Microbial Community Composition ◽

South Pacific ◽

The South ◽

South Pacific Gyre

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Iron mineral structure, reactivity, and isotopic composition in a South Pacific Gyre ferromanganese nodule over 4 Ma

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta ◽

10.1016/j.gca.2015.08.021 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 171 ◽

pp. 61-79 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Matthew A. Marcus ◽

Katrina J. Edwards ◽

Bleuenn Gueguen ◽

Sirine C. Fakra ◽

Gregory Horn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Isotopic Composition ◽

South Pacific ◽

Ferromanganese Nodule ◽

Iron Mineral ◽

Mineral Structure ◽

South Pacific Gyre

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PREPUBLICATION: THE FORMATION OF FE-BEARING SECONDARY PHASE MINERALS FROM THE BASALT–SEDIMENT INTERFACE, SOUTH PACIFIC GYRE: IODP EXPEDITION 329

Clays and Clay Minerals ◽

10.1346/ccmn.2018.064083a ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Kiho Yang ◽

Hanbeom Park ◽

Hionsuck Baik ◽

Toshihiro Kogure ◽

Jinwook Kim

Keyword(s):

South Pacific ◽

Secondary Phase ◽

South Pacific Gyre ◽

Sediment Interface

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Dust, volcanic ash, and the evolution of the South Pacific Gyre through the Cenozoic

Paleoceanography ◽

10.1002/2015pa002829 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 30 (8) ◽

pp. 1078-1099 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Ann G. Dunlea ◽

Richard W. Murray ◽

Justine Sauvage ◽

Arthur J. Spivack ◽

Robert N. Harris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Volcanic Ash ◽

South Pacific ◽

The South ◽

South Pacific Gyre

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Heterotrophic bacterial production in the South East Pacific: longitudinal trends and coupling with primary production

Biogeosciences Discussions ◽

10.5194/bgd-4-2761-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 2761-2791 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

F. Van Wambeke ◽

I. Obernosterer ◽

T. Moutin ◽

S. Duhamel ◽

O. Ulloa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pacific Ocean ◽

Primary Production ◽

Bacterial Production ◽

South Pacific ◽

Leucine Incorporation ◽

The South ◽

Phytoplankton Primary Production ◽

East Pacific ◽

Wide Range ◽

South Pacific Gyre

Abstract. Spatial variations of heterotrophic bacterial production and phytoplankton primary production were investigated across South East Pacific Ocean (–141° W, –8° S to –72° W, –35° S) in November–December 2004. Bacterial production (³H leucine incorporation) integrated over the euphotic zone encompassed a wide range of values, from 43 mg C m−2 d−1 in the hyper-oligotrophic South Pacific Gyre to 392 mg C m−2 d−1 in the upwelling off Chile. Within the gyre (120° W, 22° S) records of low phytoplankton biomass (7 mg TChla m−2) were obtained and in situ 14C based particulate primary production rates were as low as 153 mg C m−2 d−1, thus equal to the value considered as a limit for primary production under strong oligotrophic conditions. In the South Pacific gyre average rates of ³H leucine incorporation rates, and leucine incorporation rates per cell (5–21 pmol L−1 h−1 and 15–56×10−21 mol cell−1 h−1, respectively), were in the same range as those reported for other oligotrophic sub tropical and temperate waters. Rates of dark community respiration, determined at selected stations across the transect varied in a narrow range (42–97 mmol O2 m−2 d−1), except for one station in the upwelling off Chile (245 mmol O2 m−2 d−1). Bacterial growth efficiencies varied between 5 and 38% and bacterial carbon demand largely exceeded 14C particulate primary production across the South Pacific Ocean. Net community production also revealed negative values in the South Pacific Gyre (–13±20 to –37±40 mmol O2 m−2 d−1). Such imbalances being impossible in this area far from any external input, we discuss the techniques involved for determining the coupling between primary production and bacterial heterotrophic production.

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