Efficacy of BCG vaccine and role of non-specific sensitivity due to atypical mycobacteria

Abstract Background The management strategy of Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine-induced regional suppurative lymphadenitis in children is still controversial and more clinical studies are needed. We therefore present a surgical case series to explore the role of surgical management for this dilemma. Methods From January 2013 to June 2020, data from 65 patients diagnosed with BCG vaccine-induced regional suppurative lymphadenitis were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical characteristics, ultrasonographic findings, surgical procedures, perioperative management, and outcome were analyzed. The association between postoperative seroma and symptom duration, skin involvement, and postoperative hospital stay were compared using Yates's corrected Chi-square test and Student's t-test for statistical analysis. The follow-up period ranged from three to six months. Results Of the 65 cases, the median age at presentation was 3.4 months. All patients were full-term with normal range of birth weight and received a BCG vaccination in the first 24 h of life. All patients underwent surgical excision of the abscess with the involved lymph node(s). Postoperative seroma formation was found in 20 patients and fine needle aspiration was needed. There was no significant association between postoperative seroma formation with symptom duration, skin involvement, and postoperative hospital stay. No oral anti-tubercular agents were given postoperatively. The mean length of postoperative hospital stay was 6.02 ± 1.62 days. Sixty-four cases (98.46%) received only one procedure and recovered. One patient required a second procedure due to postoperative sinus. Conclusions The present study showed that surgical excision of the abscess with involved lymph node(s) is one of the choices for BCG vaccine-induced suppurative lymphadenitis, but special attention should be paid to controlling the surgical indications. Intraoperative meticulous manipulation and postoperative care are crucial to achieve a good outcome.

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THE ROLE OF HOST SOLUBLE INFLAMMATORY MEDIATORS INDUCED BY THE BCG VACCINE FOR THE INITIATION OF IN VITRO MONOCYTE APOPTOSIS IN HEALTHY BRAZILIAN VOLUNTEERS

Frontiers in Immunology ◽

10.3389/conf.fimmu.2015.05.00158 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 6 ◽

Author(s):

De Lima Jessica ◽

Siqueira Mariana ◽

Pedro Thaize ◽

Ponte Carlos ◽

Peres Leandro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inflammatory Mediators ◽

Bcg Vaccine ◽

Monocyte Apoptosis

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Working Hypothesis for Glucose Metabolism and SARS-CoV-2 Replication: Interplay Between the Hexosamine Pathway and Interferon RF5 Triggering Hyperinflammation. Role of BCG Vaccine?

Frontiers in Endocrinology ◽

10.3389/fendo.2020.00514 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hugo A. Laviada-Molina ◽

Irene Leal-Berumen ◽

Ernesto Rodriguez-Ayala ◽

Raul A. Bastarrachea

Keyword(s):

Glucose Metabolism ◽

Bcg Vaccine ◽

Working Hypothesis ◽

Hexosamine Pathway

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Mycobacterium fortuitum Pneumonia in a Cat and the Role of Lipid in the Pathogenesis of Atypical Mycobacterial Infections

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1354/vp.44-4-543 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 543-546 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

S. S. Couto ◽

C. A. Artacho

Keyword(s):

Skin Lesions ◽

Atypical Mycobacteria ◽

Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽

Lipoid Pneumonia ◽

Mycobacterial Infections ◽

Fast Growing ◽

Granulomatous Pneumonia

Mycobacterium fortuitum is a saprophytic, fast-growing, nontuberculous, and nonlepromatous mycobacterium that can cause infections in animals and humans. In dogs and cats, it is one of the most common agents of ulcerative dermatitides and panniculitides caused by atypical mycobacteria. In humans, it is frequently found in lipoid pneumonias or contaminated surgical sites. We report a cat with granulomatous pneumonia caused by M fortuitum resembling lipoid pneumonia in humans. The similarity between the histopathology of the lung and skin lesions caused by this organism in dogs and cats is emphasized. We discuss the role of lipids in the pathogenesis of mycobacterioses and suggest an association between atypical mycobacteria and lipid-rich environments. We conclude that M fortuitum should be included as a differential in cases of lipid-rich pneumonias that do not respond to common antibiotics.

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The role of infectious pathogens in exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in Dakahlia Governorate

Egyptian Journal of Bronchology ◽

10.1186/s43168-020-00039-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Elsayed Ahmed Fahmy ◽

Heba Wagih Abdelwahab ◽

Heba Elsayed Eldegla ◽

Mohammed Khairy Fahmy Elbadrawy

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Atypical Mycobacteria ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Copd Exacerbations

Abstract Background Exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represent important events in the management of COPD because of its negative impact on health status and disease progression. The etiology of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPDAE) is heterogeneous and still under discussion. So, this study was planned to investigate the role of infectious pathogens (fungi and atypical mycobacteria in addition to the well-known bacteria) in patients with COPD exacerbation in our locality. Results This observational cross-sectional study was conducted on 100 patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. Sputum specimens were collected for mycobacterial and fungal examination in addition to routine sputum bacteriology. All sputum samples were negative for typical and atypical mycobacteria whereas sputum samples of 18 patients (18%) were negative for fungi. Mixed fungal growth was found in 19 patients (19%). Candida was isolated from 67 patients (67%), Aspergillus was isolated from 27 patients (27%), Alternaria was isolated from 3 patients (3%), and other fungi were isolated from 4 patients (4%). As regards sputum bacteriology, sputum samples of 49 patients (49%) have bacterial growth. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from 16 samples (16%) and represents the most frequent bacterial isolate in this study. Conclusion The present study indicates that typical and atypical mycobacteria have no role in COPD exacerbations in our locality. However, fungi and bacteria may have a role in COPD exacerbations.

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