scholarly journals CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA DA SOLUÇÃO DE SOLO EM FUNÇÃO DA CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA APARENTE E DA UMIDADE DO SOLO SOB APLICAÇÃO DE CLORETO DE POTÁSSIO COM USO DA REFLECTOMETRIA NO DOMINIO DO TEMPO

Irriga ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-183
Author(s):  
Tibério Santos Martins da Silva ◽  
Vital Pedro da Silva Paz ◽  
Eugênio Ferreira Coelho ◽  
Maurício Antônio Coelho Filho ◽  
Gessionei Da Silva Santana

CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA DA SOLUÇÃO DE SOLO EM FUNÇÃO DA CONDUTIVIDADE ELÉTRICA APARENTE E DA UMIDADE DO SOLO SOB APLICAÇÃO DE CLORETO DE POTÁSSIO COM USO DA REFLECTOMETRIA NO DOMINIO DO TEMPO  Tibério Santos Martins da Silva1; Vital Pedro da Silva Paz2; Eugênio Ferreira Coelho3; Maurício Antônio Coelho Filho3; Gessionei da Silva Santana41Universidade Federal da Bahia,  Cruz das Almas, BA, tibé[email protected] de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Cruz das Almas-BA, 3Embrapa Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas-BA4Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG,   1 RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo definir, em campo e em laboratório, modelos matemáticos que melhor relacionam a condutividade elétrica aparente (CEa), a umidade do solo (q) e a condutividade elétrica da solução do solo (CEw) sob aplicação de cloreto de potássio, via água de irrigação por gotejamento. O experimento consistiu de leituras de CEa e q com um analisador de umidade de reflectometria no domínio do tempo (TDR) em colunas de solo em laboratório e em várias posições de uma malha retangular de um perfil do solo, em condições de campo, seguido da extração de solução iônica nas respectivas posições. Foram ajustados modelos lineares e não lineares relacionando CEa, q e CEw. O resultados permitiram concluir que a CEw da solução do solo pode ser monitorada a partir de leituras de CEa pela TDR para fins de distribuição de solutos no solo sob fertirrigação, com uso dos modelos de Rhoades et al. (1976), Vogeler et al. (1996), Nadler et al. (1984) e empírico em condições de campo e laboratório. O modelo de Rhoades et al. (1989) e Rhoades et al. (1976) mostraram-se adequados apenas para os estudos em laboratório. UNITERMOS: fertirrigação, TDR  SILVA, T. S. M. DA; PAZ, V. P. DA S.; COELHO, E. F.; COELHO FILHO, M. A.; SANTANA, G. DA S. SOIL SOLUTION ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AS A FUNCTION OF BULK ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY AND SOIL WATER CONTENT UNDER POTASSIUM CLORIDE APPLICATION USING TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY  2 ABSTRACT This study aimed to define mathematical models that suitably relate bulk electrical conductivity (CEa), soil water content (q) and soil solution electrical conductivity (CEw) under potassium chloride application by drip irrigation. The experiment consisted of readings of CEa and q using a Time Domain Reflectometry analyzer (TDR) in soil columns in laboratory and on several positions of rectangular soil profile grid under field conditions. Ionic solution was extracted in all positions of TDR readings. Linear and non-linear models relating CEa, q and CEw were adjusted to laboratory and field data. Results allowed to conclude that CEw may be monitored by readings of CEa from TDR for soil solute distribution under fertirrigation, using models of Rhoades et al. (1976), Vogeler et al. (1996), Nadler et al. (1984) and an empirical model in lab and in field. The models of de Rhoades et al. (1989) e Rhoades et al. (1976) were suitable only for laboratory studies. KEYWORDS: fertirrigation, soil electrical conductivity, TDR

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 618-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torquato M. de Andrade Neto ◽  
Eugênio F. Coelho ◽  
José A. do V. Santana ◽  
Edvaldo B. Santana Júnior ◽  
Márcio da S. Alves

The objective of this work was to evaluate and to validate models for estimating potassium in the soil solution as a function of bulk electrical conductivity (ECw), soil water content (q) and a soil solution electrical conductivity (ECss). Treatments consisted of using three concentrations of injecting solution of potassium chloride (1.0, 2.5 and 4.0 g L-1) which were applied by two trickle irrigation systems (microsprinkler and drip) during the first cycle of the banana crop cv. Terra Maranhão. Results showed that it is feasible to estimate potassium concentration in the soil solution from data of ECss and q obtained by time domain reflectometry (TDR) using an equation that combined a linear and a potential model. The estimated values of potassium concentration were close to the ones measured along the crop cycle under field conditions, with a mean normalized deviation of 10.0%, maximum and minimum deviation of 5.0 and 13.0%, respectively.


Irriga ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-418
Author(s):  
Tibério Santos Martins da Silva ◽  
Eugênio Ferreira Coelho ◽  
Vital Pedro da Silva Paz ◽  
Lucas Melo Vellame ◽  
Gessionei Da Silva Santana

TEOR DE POTÁSSIO NA SOLUÇÃO DO SOLO COM USO DA TÉCNICA DE REFLECTOMETRIA NO DOMÍNIO DO TEMPO  Tibério Santos Martins da Silva1; Eugênio Ferreira Coelho2; Vital Pedro da Silva Paz3; Lucas Melo Vellame1; Gessionei da Silva Santana41Universidade Federal da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA tibé[email protected] Mandioca e Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, BA3Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA4Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG  1 RESUMO A avaliação do teor de íons no solo no manejo da fertirrigação é complexa devido a dificuldade de obtenção em tempo real e com o mínimo de alterações na estrutura do solo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estimar o teor de potássio na solução do solo, a partir de modelos matemáticos ajustados, em função da condutividade elétrica da solução do solo (CEw) coletada por extrator de solução, da umidade (q) e da condutividade elétrica aparente do solo (CEa) obtidas por um equipamento de reflectometria no domínio do tempo (TDR). Os modelos estimaram razoavelmente a Cew e a reflectometria no domínio do tempo mostrou-se adequada para o monitoramento da concentração de potássio na solução do volume de solo molhado. UNITERMOS: TDR.  SILVA, T. S. M. da.; COELHO, E. F.; PAZ, V. P. da. S.; VELLAME, L. M.; SANTANA, G. da. S.; POTASSIUM CONCENTRATION IN SOIL SOLUTION USING TIME DOMAIN REFLECTOMETRY TECHNIQUE  2 ABSTRACT The evaluation of ion concentration in the soil under fertirrigation is complex due to the difficulty of obtaining it in real time, with a minimum of soil disturbance. This work aimed to estimate potassium concentration in soil solution as a function of soil solution electrical conductivity (CEw) collected by using water sampler, soil water content (q) and bulk electrical conductivity (CEa) obtained using a time domain reflectometry equipment (TDR). The models estimated reasonably CEw and time domain reflectometry was suitable for potassium concentration monitoring of wet soil volume solution. KEYWORDS: TDR. 


2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. J. Sun ◽  
G. D. Young ◽  
R. A. McFarlane ◽  
B.M. Chambers

A series of laboratory experiments was conducted, in order to systematically explore the effect of soil electrical conductivity on soil moisture determination using time domain reflectometry (TDR). A Moisture Point MP-917 soil moisture instrument (E.S.I. Environmental Sensors Inc., Victoria, BC, Canada) was used to measure propagation time (time delay) of a step function along a probe imbedded in fine sand with different moisture and salinity. The volumetric soil water content was independently determined using a balance. With the help of the diode-switching technique, MP-917 could detect the reflection from the end of the probe as the electrical conductivity of saturated soil extract (ECe) increased to 15.29 dS m−1. However, the relationship between volumetric soil water content and propagation time expressed as T/Tair (the ratio of propagation time in soil to that in air over the same distance) deviated from a linear relationship as the conductivity exceeded 3.72 dS m−1. At the same water content, the time delay in a saline soil was longer than that in a non-saline soil. This leads to an over-estimation of volumetric soil water content when the linear calibration was applied. A logarithmic relationship between volumetric soil water content and T/Tair has been developed and this relation includes soil electrical conductivity as a parameter. With this new calibration, it is possible to precisely determine the volumetric water content of highly saline soil using TDR. Key words: Time domain reflectometry, time delay, bulk electrical conductivity (σ), volumetric soil water content (θ), relative permittivity or dielectric constant (εr), propagation velocity Vp


1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 715-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. KACHANOSKI ◽  
I. J. VAN WESENBEECK ◽  
E. G. GREGORICH

The relationships among the spatial variations of soil water content, soil texture, soil solution electrical conductivity, and bulk soil electrical conductivity were examined for a field characterized by net drainage and low concentrations of dissolved electrolytes. Bulk soil electrical conductivity was measured over various depths at 52 locations within a 1.8-ha field using noncontacting electromagnetic inductive meters. Soil water content (0–0.5 m depth) was measured at the same locations using the time domain reflectometry method. Measurements of soil texture and soil solution conductivity were obtained from core samples from 37 of the sampling locations. Soil water content at the site ranged from 0.06 to 0.36 m3 m−3. Clay content ranged from 2.5 to 44% percent and bulk soil electrical conductivity ranged from 0.0 to 0.21 S m−1. Significant correlation existed among almost all of the measured variables. Regression analysis indicated soil solution conductivity had no effect on measured bulk soil electrical conductivity for soil water contents less than 0.25 m3 m−3. Bulk soil electrical conductivity explained 96% of the spatial variation of soil water content independent of a wide range of soil texture. Autocorrelations of soil water content were similar to autocorrelations for bulk soil electrical conductivity. Under conditions similar to those in the study area, it should be possible to infer spatial variations in soil water content quickly by measuring bulk electrical conductivity using noncontacting electromagnetic inductive meters. Key words: Spatial variability, soil water, electrical conductivity, soil texture


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