Study of the electrical and thermal conductivity of compounds and solid solutions resulting from the study of the triple system (BaCl2-CuSO4-Na2CO3): دراسة الناقلية الكهربائية والحرارية للمركبات والمحاليل الصلبة الناتجة عن دراسة الجملة الثلاثية (BaCl2-CuSO4-Na2CO3)

In this research, the electrical and thermal conductivity of the compounds BaCl2-CuSO4-Na2CO3 - Ba6Na8C4Cl12O12 - Ba6Cu4S4Cl12O16 - Cu6Na8S6C4O36 and the solid solutions resulting from the interaction of these compounds with each other, using the thermal conductivity measuring device (ITP-M64) and electrical conductivity measurement device (the four paths) were studied. The results are different between superconducting materials and medium conductive materials (semiconductors).

Identifikasi Salinitas Tanah Menggunakan Instrumen Induksi Elektromagentik EM38 di Kecamatan Baitussalam Kabupaten Aceh Besar

Salinity is the amount of salt contained or dissolved in water or soil. Salinity can cause the change of physical characteristics of soil, especially in coastal area, that affects human daily activities, including agriculture. Baitussalam District (Kecamatan Baitussalam) is one of the districts that was hit most devastatingly by the Indian Ocean Tsunami 2004 as well as has large population with potential agricultural prospect in Aceh Besar Region (Kabupaten Aceh Besar). This research aims to identify the soil salinity level in the Baitussalam District. The sampling technique uses descriptive methodology with scalable quantitative approach in the chosen sampling areas. 26 sampling spots have been chosen according to mathematical calculation. Quantitative method is used to analyze the result in this research. Furthermore, conductivity measurement is done through induction electromagnetic method, using Geonics EM38 and to identify the soil salinity level, analysis of soil texture is conducted in the laboratory. As the result, the electrical conductivity measurement shows varying values. The minimum conductivity value is 0,004 dS/m, taken at spot T 004 in Lam Ujong Village (Desa Lam Ujong). Whereas the maximum conductivity value reaches 10,31 dS/m, taken at spot T 003 in Labuy Village. The soil salinity in the 26 sampling spots in Baitussalam District demonstrates an average level, with a value of ECa 2-4 dS/m. The result of this research is expected to be a parameter to control and develop the activities, especially for agricultural activities, in the coastal area in Aceh Besar Region, and in Baitussalam district in particular.

The Study of The Electrical Conductivity and Activation Energy on Conductive Polymer Materials

Conductive Polymers are one of the interesting topics to be developed in recent years. Conductive polymers can combine the properties of polymers and the electrical properties of metals. Research related to the electrical properties of conductive polymers, including electrical conductivity measurements and determination of activation energy has been carried out. This study aims to determine the effect of addition mass fraction of activated carbon into the nylon polymer on the conductive polymer material based on the electrical conductivity and activation energy. The variations of activated carbon used are 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10% (wt/V). The conductive polymer from nylon polymer and activated carbon is made by casting solution method. The electrical conductivity measurement of the conductive polymer and the activation energy was carried out using the parallel plate method. The value of electrical conductivity increased from 5.62×10-9 ± 1.89×10-10 S/cm for the pure nylon to 2.51×10-8 ± 2.87×10-10 S/cm for the addition of mass fraction of activated carbon 8% wt/V. Meanwhile, there was a decrease in the addition of 9% wt/V and 10% wt/V of mass fraction of activated carbon, which were 2.36×10-8 ± 3.47×10-10 S/cm and 2.28×10-8 ± 4.01×10-10 S/cm. The activation energy of conductive polymer obtained decreased with increasing in the mass fraction of the activated carbon into the nylon polymer. The activation energy for the pure nylon was 0.0189 eV and 0.0127 eV for the addition of 8% wt/V mass fraction of activated carbon. Meanwhile, there was an increase in the addition of 9% wt/V and 10% wt/V mass fractions of activated carbon of 0.0145 eV and 0.0150 eV, respectively.

Investigation of AgI-Based Solid Solutions with Ag2CO3

The formation phenomena of silver carbonate (Ag2CO3)–silver iodide (AgI) solid solutions were investigated by X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetry-differential thermal analysis, and electrical conductivity measurement. Results revealed that AgI and Ag2CO3 reacted with each other when mixed at room temperature. The reaction products were classified into three types: (1) AgI-based solid solutions in the AgI-rich region for x = 10% or less in x Ag2CO3–(1 − x) AgI; (2) Ag2CO3-based solid solutions in the Ag2CO3-rich region for x = 60% or more; and (3) silver carbonate iodides in the intermediate range for x between 10% and 60%. For the AgI-based solid solutions, the incorporation of Ag2CO3 into the AgI lattice expanded the unit cell and enhanced electrical conductivity. The solubility limit of Ag2CO3 into the AgI lattice estimated from the differential thermal analysis was x ≈ 5%.

Low Surface Roughness Graphene Oxide Film Reduced with Aluminum Film Deposited by Magnetron Sputtering

Graphene film has wide applications in optoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. A novel and facile method was reported for the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) film by electron transfer and nascent hydrogen produced between aluminum (Al) film deposited by magnetron sputtering and hydrochloric acid (HCl) solution for only 5 min, significantly shorter than by other chemical reduction methods. The thickness of Al film was controlled utilizing a metal detection sensor. The effect of the thickness of Al film and the concentration of HCl solution during the reduction was explored. The optimal thickness of Al film was obtained by UV-Vis spectroscopy and electrical conductivity measurement of reduced GO film. Atomic force microscope images could show the continuous film clearly, which resulted from the overlap of GO flakes, the film had a relatively flat surface morphology, and the surface roughness reduced from 7.68 to 3.13 nm after the Al reduction. The film sheet resistance can be obviously reduced, and it reached 9.38 kΩ/sq with a high transmittance of 80% (at 550 nm). The mechanism of the GO film reduction by electron transfer and nascent hydrogen during the procedure was also proposed and analyzed.