scholarly journals The Last Princes of Tarusa in the Synodikon of the Moscow Cathedral of the Dormition

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleg Khoruzhenko
Keyword(s):  
Literal Interpretation

New data on the genealogy of the princes of Tarusa in the Synodikon of the Cathedral of the Dormition in Moscow are compared with rare mentions of representatives of this family in the testaments and treaties of the grand princes of Muscovy from the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, as well as other sources. Some researchers suggested identifying the princes of Tarusa in these sources with representatives of other families, i. e. Prince Vasily Ivanovich of Tarusa in the Moscow-Lithuanian treaty of 1449 with Prince Vasily Ivanovich of Obolensk, Prince Ivan Borisovich of Tarusa in the razryad of the Smolensk campaign of 1502 with Prince Ivan Borisovich of Ruza, and Princess Evdokia of Tarusa in the grand princely testament of 1504 with Grand Princess Evdokia, the widow of Dmitry Donskoy. The author demonstrates that the commemoration of the princes of Tarusa in the Synodikon of the Moscow Cathedral of the Dormition provides grounds for a literal interpretation of the mentions of this family between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, while the identifications proposed in the literature require unnecessarily risky presumptions.

Pieces of Mind

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie Figdor
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
Psychological Capacities

Many people accept that chimpanzees, dolphins, and some other animals can think and feel. But these cases are just the tip of a growing iceberg. If biologists are right, fruit flies and plants make decisions, worms and honeybees can be trained, bacteria communicate linguistically, and neurons have preferences. Just how far does cognition go? This book is the first to critically consider this question from the perspective of the entire range of new ascriptions of psychological capacities throughout biology. It is also the first to consider the role of mathematical models and other quantitative forms of evidence in prompting and supporting the new ascriptions. It defends a default literal interpretation of psychological terms across biological domains. It also considers the implications of the literal view for efforts to explain the mind’s place in nature and for traditional ways of distinguishing the superior moral status of humans relative to other living beings.

scholarly journals The 'spirit' and the 'letter' of the moral law: Text and commentary in the hermeneutics of German idealism, I

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 143-157
Author(s):  
Vladimir Milisavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Moral Philosophy ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
German Idealism ◽  
Moral Law ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Historical Origins

The purpose of this paper is to shed light on different aspects of the hermeneutical problem in post-Kantian philosophical 'constellation'. In this domain, the problem of the relationship between the text and its commentary is theorized in terms of the antithesis between 'Spirit' and 'Letter', which clearly has religious roots. Therefore, the first part of the paper examines the historical origins of this antithesis, as well as its application in philosophical discussions which developed by the end of the 18th century about the problem of finding the 'true' interpretation to Kant's philosophy. The second part of the text, which is to be published in the next issue of this review, brings the duality of spiritual and literal interpretation into closer connection with the topics of Kant's moral philosophy.

Cat’s Cradle: Unintended resonances?

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146
Author(s):  
Bevin Yeatman
Keyword(s):  
Dead Body ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Literal Interpretation

A literal interpretation of Cat’s Cradle cannot be taken seriously. The travelling through time and space of a family carrying a dead body to deposit it in a cinema suggests a metaphoric intention. This article speculates on resonances generated by the title and a critic’s proposal of a dead audience.

The Eunuch and the Baldhead: Sexuality in Early Jewish-Christian Polemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
Israel Netanel Rubin
Keyword(s):  
New Testament ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
Church Father ◽  
The New Testament ◽  
Liberal Attitude ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Jewish Writers

Abstract Defining appropriate attitudes towards sexuality has always been an issue in Jewish-Christian polemic. Contemporary Jewish writers tend to boast of Judaism’s liberal attitude toward sexuality, while medieval Jewish polemicists were defensive when confronting Christian attacks on this matter. In ancient times, when sexual puritanism was less popular, Jewish theologians did not refrain from showing their contempt for the Christian value ​​of celibacy. This article proposes a new reading of the Talmudic legend about an argument between Joshua b. Karhah and a Christian eunuch. In this reading, the Christian figure stands for Origen, a Church father described in Christian sources as having castrated himself owing to a literal interpretation of the New Testament. In this reading, the debate summarizes the Talmudic rabbis’ perspective on the difference between Jewish and Christian views of sexuality.

The Exegetical Jerusalem: Maps and Plans for Ezekiel Chapters 40–48

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Delano-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Old Testament ◽  
Literal Meaning ◽  
Biblical Exegesis ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
Regional Context ◽  
Jewish Scholar ◽  
Nicholas Of Lyra ◽  
Visual Exegesis ◽  
The Temple

Drawing for explanation flourished in the medieval West in biblical exegesis. Some Christian and Jewish scholars, holding that the literal meaning of the holy scriptures had to be established before the allegorical and typological meanings could be reached, made good use of visual exegesis. Of the few Christian scholars who attempted a literal interpretation of the notoriously difficult Old Testament book of the prophet Ezekiel, one was Richard of St Victor (In visionem Ezechielis, before 1173) and another was Nicholas of Lyra (Postilla literalis super totam Bibliam,1323–32), who had read Richard's work and also, like him, seen the Jewish scholar Rashi's illustrations for Ezekiel. Both Richard and Nicholas supported their arguments with the plans of Ezekiel's visionary temple and the map that places the temple in its regional context discussed in this essay. Also discussed is the subsequent adaptation of these medieval diagrammatic maps for a quite different readership.

Contract construction and risk allocation

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-293
Author(s):  
Graham Virgo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Allocation ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
Crucial Question ◽  
Court Of Appeal

WHEN a judge needs to construe a contract, to what extent can he or she have regard to factors which are external to the agreement rather than adopt a literal interpretation? This was the crucial question for the Court of Appeal to answer in Bromarin A.B. and others v. I.M.D. Investments Ltd. [1999] S.T.C. 301.

Religion and Science in the Parable of the Unjust Steward

1998 ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Eugene S. Poliakov
Keyword(s):  
Human Being ◽  
Religion And Science ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Difference

The Parable of the Unjust Steward should be interpreted allegorically, its literal interpretation shown to be impossible. Certain facts make this parable unique: a lord as the Lord; divine possessions; the symbolism of the house interpreted as a human being; the material principles of the world understood as the governor of a human being; the Lord’s debtors as spiritual teachers of various kinds; theological doctrines with their own theogonic and cosmogonic views, all claiming to know the truth in its wholeness. Their debts consist of their misunderstandings and errors which have caused the difference between them and truth. Examples of the part of the material principles of the world in correcting theological doctrines are adduced. Two different kinds of debt are considered. I conclude that ‘make to yourselves friends of the riches of unrighteousness’ means that the material reasons of the world, the wisdom of this age, must be used for the good of spiritual teachings.

Bottom-Up Synthetic Biology: Engineering in a Tinkerer’s World

Science ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 333 (6047) ◽  
pp. 1252-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Schwille
Keyword(s):  
Synthetic Biology ◽  
Life Science ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Living Systems ◽  
Design Features ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Systematic Construction ◽  
Science Discipline ◽  
Recent Developments

How synthetic can “synthetic biology” be? A literal interpretation of the name of this new life science discipline invokes expectations of the systematic construction of biological systems with cells being built module by module—from the bottom up. But can this possibly be achieved, taking into account the enormous complexity and redundancy of living systems, which distinguish them quite remarkably from design features that characterize human inventions? There are several recent developments in biology, in tight conjunction with quantitative disciplines, that may bring this literal perspective into the realm of the possible. However, such bottom-up engineering requires tools that were originally designed by nature’s greatest tinkerer: evolution.

scholarly journals Development of comprehension of ironic utterances in 3- to 9-year-old Finnish-speaking children

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soile Loukusa ◽  
Eeva Leinonen
Keyword(s):  
Individual Variation ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Literal Interpretation ◽  
Incorrect Answer ◽  
Significant Difference

Development of comprehension of ironic utterances in 3- to 9-year-old Finnish-speaking children This study explores the comprehension of simple ironic utterances in 210 Finnish children aged from 3 to 9 years. If the child answered the question correctly, he/she was asked to explain correct answers. The results indicated that there was large individual variation within age groups both in answers and explanations. In terms of correct answers there was a significant difference between 6- and 7-year-olds and in correct explanations between age groups of 3-4, 6-7 and 7-8. Analysis of incorrect answers showed that literal interpretation of an utterance was the most common incorrect answer type in all age groups. Totally irrelevant answers occurred only in children aged 3 and 4. In terms of incorrect explanations, "turntaking" and "incorrect focus" categories were the most common incorrect explanation types. Contrary to previous studies, in this study already some of the 3- and 4-year-olds showed an emerging ability to comprehend irony.

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