scholarly journals Influence of Conservative and Conventional Soil Technologies on Physical, Chemical and Biolocical Properties of an Argic Chernozem Belong to Caracal Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Venera Mihaela STROE ◽  
Irina CALCIU ◽  
Monica STANCIU BURILEANU ◽  
Lavinia PARVAN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Degradation ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Degradation Processes ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Conventional Technology ◽  
Tillage System

Continuous use of traditional tillage system (conventional) resulted in a gradual harvest increase, but gave rise to some worrying negative phenomenon regarding the most important supply of the agricultural production - soil, by its chemical and physical degradation.This paper aims to assess soil degradation processes, based on pedo-transfer rules and is based on of expeditionary studies regarding assessment and characterization of soil fertility, under the practice of various farming systems: conventional tillage and minimum tillage. The study carried out the effects of moderat conservative tillage on physical and chemical soil properties comparative with conventional soil technology on an argic chernozem, belongs to the agricultural Caracal area. Agricultural area is affected by a relatively high variability of the limiting factors and soil degradation processes, which require adaptation of technology systems to protection of soil and plants. Because of all limiting factors, natural and antropic, in this expeditionary study we compare the moderat conservative tillage effects, with conventional technology effects and impact of those both soil technology, on physical, chemical and biological properties. Results of study show the potential depth of aeration conditions are moderately favorable, being determined particularly by intense state of compactness of the soil as a natural consequence of it. Macroporosity decrease in depth, has negative consequences not only on the normal performance of the processes of aeration, and water penetration and infiltration, but for the accumulation of water available for plants. Content of structural microagregates water-stable or soil dispersion is high, which shows that the formation of structural macroagregates occurred more mechanical factors such as compaction or natural processes. The numerical values of the degree of compaction of 15-20 cm in depth up to the 15-18% v / v in both phases of observation. Deep compaction is undoubtedly due to the technological system applied to the greatest extent, and only a small part pedogenetical natural factors.

scholarly journals Effect of tillage system on soil temperature in a rainfed Mediterranean Vertisol

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Muñoz-Romero ◽  
Luis Lopez-Bellido ◽  
Rafael J. Lopez-Bellido
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Experimental Treatments ◽  
Sowing Period

Abstract Soil temperature is a factor that influences the rates of physical, chemical, and biological reactions in soils and has a strong influence on plant growth. A field study was conducted during 2006-2007 and 2009-2010 on a typical rainfed Mediterranean Vertisol to determine the effects of the tillage system and the crop on soil temperature. The experimental treatments were the tillage system (no-tillage and conventional tillage) and the crop (wheat and faba bean). Soil temperature was measured at a 20 cm depth at 1 h intervals from December 1st to November 30th of 2006-2007 and 2009-2010. There was a highly significant relationship between air temperature (both maximum and minimum) and soil temperature for the two tillage systems. Soil temperature was similar in the growing season for both crops but was higher in the conventional tillage than in the no-tillage system, with differences between 0.7 and 2.6°C depending on the month of the year. A higher soil temperature with conventional tillage can be beneficial in the cold sowing period (November-December), improving crop establishment. In contrast, in critical periods with water deficits (spring) during which grain formation occurs, the lower temperature corresponding to the no-tillage system would be more favourable.

Soil quality and profitability of biodynamic and conventional farming systems: A review

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Reganold
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Conventional Farming ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Crop Root

AbstractBiodynamic and organic farming are similar in that both are ecologically oriented and do not use chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The main difference is that biodynamic farmers add eight specific amendments, called preparations, to their soils, crops, and composts. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in biodynamic farming practices and systems because they show potential for mitigating some detrimental effects of chemical-dependent conventional agriculture. Only a few studies examining biodynamic methods or comparing biodynamic farming with other farming systems have been published in the refereed scientific literature, especially in English. This paper summarizes data from previous studies, both published and unpublished (theses), that have compared biodynamic and conventional farming systems with respect to soil quality or profitability. These studies have shown that the biodynamic farming systems generally have better soil quality, lower crop yields, and equal or higher net returns per hectare than their conventional counterparts. Two studies that included organic management treatments with and without the preparations showed that the preparations improved biological soil properties and increased crop root growth. However, more research is needed to determine whether the preparations affect soil physical, chemical, and biological properties and crop growth and, if so, their mode of action.

Studi Eksplorasi Agroklimat Tanaman Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) Kabupaten Tanggamus, Lampung

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Dimas Prakoswo Widiyani ◽  
Joko S. S Hartono
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Plant Growth And Development ◽  
Coffee Production ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Properties Of Soil

Coffee is one of the important commodities in Indonesia. The coffee commodity has strategic potential in the development of the community's economy. Over time coffee production in Indonesia has decreased, the average productivity of coffee in Indonesia is only around 600 kg/ha, while the potential for coffee production per hectare can reach 1000 kg/ha. One of the largest coffee-producing regions is Tanggamus Regency in Lampung. This region’s climate plays an essential part in plant production, even more than soil in determining plant growth and development. Climate elements such as air temperature, solar radiation, and humidity support and play an important role in crop production. Meanwhile physical, chemical, and biological properties of soil are directly related to plant productivity. This research was conducted in 2 sub-districts, namely Sumberejo and Ulubelu Districts from July to October 2020. Based on the results of observations and analysis, it was found that the agro-climatic suitability of some of the Sumberejo and Ulubelu areas was included in the S1 conformity class category, but there is one limiting factor, namely slope. Efforts to modify the environment based on the value of the suitability class are needed. It is recommended to make a terrace to handle the limiting factors. Kopi adalah salah satu komoditas penting yang ada di Indonesia. Komoditas kopi memiliki potensi strategis dalam perkembangan perekonomian masyarakat. Seiring waktu produksi kopi di Indonesia semakin menurun, produktivitas rata-rata kopi di Indonesia hanya berkisar 600 kg/ha, sedangkan potensi produksi kopi tiap hektar bisa mencapai 1000 kg/ha. Salah satu daerah atau kabupaten penghasil kopi terbesar di Lampung adalah Kabupaten Tanggamus. Kabupaten Tanggamus memiliki luas lahan perkebunan kopi sebesar 41.512 ha dengan produksi total sebesar 33.482 ton Salah satu pengaruh lingkungan yang paling esensial adalah iklim. Iklim tidak hanya mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman, tetapi iklim juga dipengaruhi oleh tanaman. Iklim dapat menjadi faktor yang lebih penting dari pada tanah dalam menentukan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Unsur-unsur iklim seperti suhu udara, radiasi matahari, dan kelembaban mendukung dan berperanan penting secara langsung dalam kegiatan budidaya tanaman. Iklim juga mempengaruhi sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah secara tidak langsung. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di dua Kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Sumberejo dan Ulubelu pada bulan Juli-Oktober 2020. Berdasarkan hasil observasi dan analisis yang telah didapatkan bahwa kesesuaian agroklimat sebagian kawasan Sumberejo dan Ulubelu masuk kategori kelas kesesuaian S1 atau sesuai namun terdapat satu unsur faktor pembatas yaitu kelerengan. Upaya modifikasi lingkungan berdasarkan nilai kelas kesesuaian maka dianjurkan dalam pembuatan teras agar faktor pembatas dapat ditangani.

scholarly journals The Effects of Management (Tillage, Fertilization, Plant Density) on Soybean Yield and Quality in a Three-Year Experiment under Transylvanian Plain Climate Conditions

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Felicia Chețan ◽  
Cornel Chețan ◽  
Ileana Bogdan ◽  
Adrian Ioan Pop ◽  
Paula Ioana Moraru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Density ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Tillage System

The regional agroecological conditions, specific to the Transylvanian Plain, are favorable to soybean crops, but microclimate changes related to global warming have imposed the need for agrotechnical adaptive measures in order to maintain the level of soybean yield. In this study, we consider the effect of two soil tillage systems, the seeding rate, as well as the fertilizer dosage and time of application on the yield and quality of soybean crops. A multifactorial experiment was carried out through the A × B × C × D − R: 3 × 2 × 3 × 3 − 2 formula, where A represents the year (a1, 2017; a2, 2018; and a3, 2019); B represents the soil tillage system (b1, conventional tillage with mouldboard plough; b2, reduced tillage with chisel cultivator); C represents the fertilizer variants (c1, unfertilized; c2, one single rate of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus; and c3, two rates of fertilization: 40 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 40 kg ha−1 of phosphorus (at sowing) + 46 kg ha−1 of nitrogen at V3 stage); D represents the seeding rate (1 = 45 germinating grains (gg) m−2; d2 = 55 gg m−2; and d3 = 65 gg m−2); and R represents the replicates (r1 = the first and r2 = the second). Tillage had no effect, the climate specific of the years and fertilization affected the yield and the quality parameters. Regarding the soybean yield, it reacted favorably to a higher seeding rate (55–65 gg m−2) and two rates of fertilization. The qualitative characteristics of soybeans are affected by the fertilization rates applied to the crop, which influence the protein and fiber content in the soybean grains. Higher values of protein content were recorded with a reduced tillage system, i.e., 38.90 g kg−1 DM in the variant with one single rate of fertilization at a seeding rate of 45 gg per m−2 and 38.72 g kg−1 DM in the variant with two fertilizations at a seeding rate of 65 gg m−2.

scholarly journals Effects of increasing hydrophobicity on the physical-chemical and biological properties of a class A amphipathic helical peptide

2001 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1096-1104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geeta Datta ◽  
Manjula Chaddha ◽  
Susan Hama ◽  
Mohamad Navab ◽  
Alan M. Fogelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Properties ◽  
Class A ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Helical Peptide

Nanobiotechnology: Nature-inspired silver nanoparticles towards green synthesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 0958305X2198988
Author(s):  
Nur Syakirah Rabiha Rosman ◽  
Noor Aniza Harun ◽  
Izwandy Idris ◽  
Wan Iryani Wan Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Green Synthesis ◽  
Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Noble Metal Nanoparticles ◽  
Current Application ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The emergence of technology to produce nanoparticles (1 nm – 100 nm in size) has drawn significant researchers’ interests. Nanoparticles can boost the antimicrobial, catalytic, optical, and electrical conductivity properties, which cannot be achieved by their corresponding bulk. Among other noble metal nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attained a special emphasis in the industry due to their superior physical, chemical, and biological properties, closely linked to their shapes, sizes, and morphologies. Proper knowledge of these NPs is essential to maximise the potential of biosynthesised AgNPs in various applications while mitigating risks to humans and the environment. This paper aims to critically review the global consumption of AgNPs and compare the AgNPs synthesis between conventional methods (physical and chemical) and current trend method (biological). Related work, advantages, and drawbacks are also highlighted. Pertinently, this review extensively discusses the current application of AgNPs in various fields. Lastly, the challenges and prospects of biosynthesised AgNPs, including application safety, oxidation, and stability, commercialisation, and sustainability of resources towards a green environment, were discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Lignite Fly Ash on the Growth and Reproduction of Earthworm Eisenia fetida

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sarojini ◽  
S. Ananthakrishnasamy ◽  
G. Manimegala ◽  
M. Prakash ◽  
G. Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Eisenia Fetida ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Thermal Power ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Lignite Fly Ash ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Fly ash is an amorphous ferroalumino silicate, an important solid waste around thermal power plants. It creates problems leading to environmental degradation due to improper utilization or disposal. However, fly ash is a useful ameliorant that may improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of soils and is a source of readily available plant macro and micronutrients when it is used with biosolids. Supply of nutrients from fly ash with biosolids may enhance their agricultural use. The growth and reproduction ofEisenia fetidawas studied during vermicomposting of fly ash with cowdung and pressmud in four different proportions (T1,T2,T3& T4) and one controli.e.,cow dung and pressmud alone. The growth, cocoon and hatchlings production were observed at the interval of 15 days over a period of 60 days. The maximum worm growth and reproduction was observed in bedding material alone. Next to that the T1was observed as the best mixture for vermiculture.

scholarly journals Micro: An International Open Access Journal for All of Microscale and Nanoscale Science

Micro ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Eiichi Tamiya
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Special Interest ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Open Access Journal ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Nanoscale Science

Since the late 20th century, there has been a special interest in the microscale and nanoscale research investigating and exploiting the physical, chemical, and biological properties of these length-scale systems [...]

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