scholarly journals Establishing a ready biodegradability test system using OxiTop® to evaluate chemical fate in a realistic environment

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saki Takekoshi ◽  
Kotaro Takano ◽  
Yoshihide Matoba ◽  
Makiko Mukumoto ◽  
Akira Tachibana
Keyword(s):  
Test System ◽  
Chemical Fate ◽  
Ready Biodegradability ◽  
Ready Biodegradability Test ◽  
Biodegradability Test

Ready Biodegradability Test in Seawater: A New Methodological Approach

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Courtes ◽  
A. Bahlaoui ◽  
A. Rambaud ◽  
F. Deschamps ◽  
E. Sunde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Ready Biodegradability ◽  
Ready Biodegradability Test ◽  
Biodegradability Test

Trimeprazine is enantioselectively degraded by an activated sludge in ready biodegradability test conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Escuder-Gilabert ◽  
Yolanda Martín-Biosca ◽  
Mireia Perez-Baeza ◽  
Salvador Sagrado ◽  
María José Medina-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
Ready Biodegradability ◽  
Ready Biodegradability Test ◽  
Biodegradability Test

Review of Biodegradability Tests for the Purpose of Developing Regulations

1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus L.E. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Test System ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Simulation Test ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Evolution ◽  
Iso Standard ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Anaerobic Biodegradability ◽  
Standard Tests ◽  
Biodegradability Test

Abstract The goal of this review is to propose acceptable testing method(s) for the measurement of the biodegradability of a chemical under both waste treatment and typical environmental conditions, particularly those relevant to Canada. A mul-titier biodegradability test system is recommended for the protection of the environment and human health. The tiers are comprised of International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) standard tests for rapid biodegradability (headspace carbon dioxide evolution test, ISO #9439), for inherent biodegradability (activated sludge simulation test, ISO #11733) under oxidative conditions, and for biodegradability under anaerobic conditions (ultimate anaerobic biodegradability test, ISO #11734).

scholarly journals Development and Evaluation of an Online CO2 Evolution Test and a Multicomponent Biodegradation Test System

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4621-4628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Strotmann ◽  
Peter Reuschenbach ◽  
Helmut Schwarz ◽  
Udo Pagga
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Test System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Analytical Technique ◽  
Online Measurements ◽  
Ready Biodegradability ◽  
Biodegradation Test

ABSTRACT Well-established biodegradation tests use biogenously evolved carbon dioxide (CO2) as an analytical parameter to determine the ultimate biodegradability of substances. A newly developed analytical technique based on the continuous online measurement of conductivity showed its suitability over other techniques. It could be demonstrated that the method met all criteria of established biodegradation tests, gave continuous biodegradation curves, and was more reliable than other tests. In parallel experiments, only small variations in the biodegradation pattern occurred. When comparing the new online CO2 method with existing CO2 evolution tests, growth rates and lag periods were similar and only the final degree of biodegradation of aniline was slightly lower. A further test development was the unification and parallel measurement of all three important summary parameters for biodegradation—i.e., CO2 evolution, determination of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC)—in a multicomponent biodegradation test system (MCBTS). The practicability of this test method was demonstrated with aniline. This test system had advantages for poorly water-soluble and highly volatile compounds and allowed the determination of the carbon fraction integrated into biomass (heterotrophic yield). The integrated online measurements of CO2 and BOD systems produced continuous degradation curves, which better met the stringent criteria of ready biodegradability (60% biodegradation in a 10-day window). Furthermore the data could be used to calculate maximal growth rates for the modeling of biodegradation processes.

Well-Established Biodegradation Tests Used Biogenously Evolved Carbon Dioxide as an Analytical Parameter to Determine the Ultimate Biodegradability of Metalworking Fluids Measured by the Change of Absorption Solution Conductivity

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 497-502
Author(s):  
Kristina Gerulova
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Tests ◽  
Main Parameter ◽  
Conductivity Measurement ◽  
The Other ◽  
Metalworking Fluids ◽  
Metalworking Fluid ◽  
Ready Biodegradability ◽  
Analytical Parameter ◽  
Solution Conductivity ◽  
Biodegradability Test

Nowadays, there exist a few standardized tests in poor soluble substances ready biodegradability measurement. There are possibilities in evaluate the degradation by the O2 consumption or by CO2 releasing. Tests for O2 consumption are very stringent in keep the constant temperature because of the pressure which is the main parameter in O2 consumption calculating. On the other hand CO2 releasing test are complicated and discontinue because of the measuring by the titration methods. In present there is a possibility to measure CO2 produced by microbial activity during the substance degradation by the gaseous sensors. We were realized preliminary studies in continual measuring of evolved CO2 in biodegradability test of metalworking fluid Syntilo 81 BF by the conductivity measurement of absorption solution of barium hydroxide as it was described in [3,5].

Immunogold labeling of CMP-KDO synthetase produced by recombinant E. Coli cells

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 924-925
Author(s):  
F. A. Durum ◽  
R. G. Goldman ◽  
T. J. Bolling ◽  
M. F. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Inclusion Bodies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Test System ◽  
Cell Protein ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Cytoplasmic Inclusions ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Low Concentrations

CMP-KDO synthetase (CKS) is an enzyme which plays a key role in the synthesis of LPS, an outer membrane component unique to gram negative bacteria. CKS activates KDO to CMP-KDO for incorporation into LPS. The enzyme is normally present in low concentrations (0.02% of total cell protein) which makes it difficult to perform large scale isolation and purification. Recently, the gene for CKS from E. coli was cloned and various recombinant DNA constructs overproducing CKS several thousandfold (unpublished data) were derived. Interestingly, no cytoplasmic inclusions of overproduced CKS were observed by EM (Fig. 1) which is in contrast to other reports of large proteinaceous inclusion bodies in various overproducing recombinant strains. The present immunocytochemical study was undertaken to localize CKS in these cells.Immune labeling conditions were first optimized using a previously described cell-free test system. Briefly, this involves soaking small blocks of polymerized bovine serum albumin in purified CKS antigen and subjecting them to various fixation, embedding and immunochemical conditions.

Real Ear Sound Pressure Levels Developed by Three Portable Stereo System Earphones

1992 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail L. MacLean ◽  
Andrew Stuart ◽  
Robert Stenstrom
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Test System ◽  
Output Frequency ◽  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
Frequency Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels

Differences in real ear sound pressure levels (SPLs) with three portable stereo system (PSS) earphones (supraaural [Sony Model MDR-44], semiaural [Sony Model MDR-A15L], and insert [Sony Model MDR-E225]) were investigated. Twelve adult men served as subjects. Frequency response, high frequency average (HFA) output, peak output, peak output frequency, and overall RMS output for each PSS earphone were obtained with a probe tube microphone system (Fonix 6500 Hearing Aid Test System). Results indicated a significant difference in mean RMS outputs with nonsignificant differences in mean HFA outputs, peak outputs, and peak output frequencies among PSS earphones. Differences in mean overall RMS outputs were attributed to differences in low-frequency effects that were observed among the frequency responses of the three PSS earphones. It is suggested that one cannot assume equivalent real ear SPLs, with equivalent inputs, among different styles of PSS earphones.

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