A Study on the Wage Gap by the Education Standards and Gender Productivity Gap

2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
신경수 ◽  
최창렬
Keyword(s):  
Wage Gap ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Productivity Gap ◽  
Productivity Gap

scholarly journals Unravelling the gender productivity gap in science: a meta-analytical review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 181566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Astegiano ◽  
Esther Sebastián-González ◽  
Camila de Toledo Castanho
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Gender Bias ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Success Rates ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Policies ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Gender Productivity Gap ◽  
Productivity Gap

Women underrepresentation in science has frequently been associated with women being less productive than men (i.e. the gender productivity gap), which may be explained by women having lower success rates, producing science of lower impact and/or suffering gender bias. By performing global meta-analyses, we show that there is a gender productivity gap mostly supported by a larger scientific production ascribed to men. However, women and men show similar success rates when the researchers' work is directly evaluated (i.e. publishing articles). Men's success rate is higher only in productivity proxies involving peer recognition (e.g. evaluation committees, academic positions). Men's articles showed a tendency to have higher global impact but only if studies include self-citations. We detected gender bias against women in research fields where women are underrepresented (i.e. those different from Psychology). Historical numerical unbalance, socio-psychological aspects and cultural factors may influence differences in success rate, science impact and gender bias. Thus, the maintenance of a women-unfriendly academic and non-academic environment may perpetuate the gender productivity gap. New policies to build a more egalitarian and heterogeneous scientific community and society are needed to close the gender gap in science.

Sociability Capital and Gender Wage Gap

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman Sahni ◽  
Suresh Lazarus Paul
Keyword(s):  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
And Gender

scholarly journals Somali immigrant women in the Canadian labour market : barriers and consequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Leila Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Somali Immigrants ◽  
Somali Women ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gendered Roles ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Policies And Programs

Somali women are experiencing barriers within the Canadian labour market due to islamophobia, racism, and their gendered roles. Like other racialized immigrants, Somali women's position within the labour market is peripheral. In Canada, racialized women experience precarious work, underemployment, unemployment and a noticeable wage gap. To add to these obstacles Somali women face the responsibility for social reproduction and lack in social capital. Somali immigrants and refugees in Canada have not received enough support from the government with regards to integration. Additionally, the labour market challenges and marginalization they experience results in poverty and has serious health consequences. However, Somali women exhibit resiliency and possess survival mechanisms. Inclusivity within the labour market for Somali women requires multi-sector policies and programs that combat inequality based on race, religion and gender. Key Words: Somali women, labour market, racism, islamophobia, social reproduction, social capital, Integration

scholarly journals Somali immigrant women in the Canadian labour market : barriers and consequences

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hani Leila Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Somali Immigrants ◽  
Somali Women ◽  
The Government ◽  
Gendered Roles ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Policies And Programs

Somali women are experiencing barriers within the Canadian labour market due to islamophobia, racism, and their gendered roles. Like other racialized immigrants, Somali women's position within the labour market is peripheral. In Canada, racialized women experience precarious work, underemployment, unemployment and a noticeable wage gap. To add to these obstacles Somali women face the responsibility for social reproduction and lack in social capital. Somali immigrants and refugees in Canada have not received enough support from the government with regards to integration. Additionally, the labour market challenges and marginalization they experience results in poverty and has serious health consequences. However, Somali women exhibit resiliency and possess survival mechanisms. Inclusivity within the labour market for Somali women requires multi-sector policies and programs that combat inequality based on race, religion and gender. Key Words: Somali women, labour market, racism, islamophobia, social reproduction, social capital, Integration

The Evolution of the Role of Women in Labor Markets in Developed Economies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Elisabeth T. Pereira ◽  
Stefano Salaris
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
And Gender

The role of women in labor markets has been characterized by great changes in the last century, with gender inequalities decreasing in most developed countries. The stereotypes related to women in labor markets have been hard to break within social norms and cultures. Many efforts have been made in recent decades by governments and national and international institutions to decrease and promote women's empowerment and gender equality in labor markets. This chapter has as its main purposes to provide an overview of the evolution of the role of women in labor markets in developed countries and to investigate this evolution based on a set of variables: gender participation rates, education, employment, the gender gap in management, wages and the gender wage gap, and public policies and laws. However, despite the positive evolution of the participation rate of women in labor markets that has been observed in recent decades, gender inequalities still persist.

Equal Opportunity and Gender Disadvantage

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley A. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Affirmative Action ◽  
Equal Opportunity ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Equality Of Opportunity ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Pay Equity ◽  
Employment Equity ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Ideal

Recently, in Canada both the Federal Government and various provincial governments have introduced a series of measures intended to address gender inequalities in the workplace. These measures are of two basic types. Employment equity policies involve the implementation of affirmative action programmes designed to encourage the hiring and promotion of more women in, for example, the civil service. Pay equity policies have sought to institutionalize the principle of equal pay for work of equal value or, to use the American terminology, comparable worth. The aim of this paper is to resurrect the presently out of fashion view that the principles of affirmative action and comparative worth that underlie employment equity and pay equity can be defended on the grounds that they contribute to the realization of an ideal of equality of opportunity between men and women in Canadian society. This view, although once prevalent among those concerned with gender issues, has been pushed aside, largely because of doubts about the visionary depth of the ideal of equality of opportunity. It has been replaced instead by an ideal of equality of results which emphasizes the goal of reducing the gender wage gap. It is my intention here to formulate a principle of equality of opportunity that can incorporate recent feminist legal and political philosophy in a way that offers a promising way to analyze issues posed by gender inequalities in the workplace and, as a result, provide a clear rationale for the recent employment equity and pay equity initiatives in Canada.

scholarly journals Psychological bias and gender wage gap

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédéric Palomino ◽  
Eloïc-Anil Peyrache
Keyword(s):  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Psychological Bias
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