The role of mediating effect of emotional intelligence on the relationship between job satisfaction and job preferences

Introductin: A large portion of a person’s days is spent at work. Job satisfaction has an important role in deliverables quality and goal achieved. Job satisfaction affects job interest and emotional intelligence so that, a study was conducted in 2018 in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education to determine the mediating effect of emotional intelligence on the structural relationship between job satisfaction and job interest among 253 Ministry of Health and Medical Education experts. Method: Evaluation was based on the Amabile’s, two-factor Herzberg’s and Golman’s theories using the Amabile work preference, Danet job satisfaction, and sharing emotional intelligence questionnaires. Research was conducted by available sampling method. The research was a cross-sectional and descriptive and correlational. In order to test the hypotheses, the path analysis method in the structural equations model in AMOS software was used. The Sobel test was used to examine the mediating effect of emotional intelligence as intermediate variable. Results: The results indicated that there was a significant and positive relationship between intrinsic and extrinsic motivations of job preferences, emotional intelligence, and job satisfaction based on the direct effect coefficient. Conclusion: In conclusion, the direct and indirect effects of the mediation variable and predicted variable shows that emotional intelligence has the most effects on job satisfaction and, the internal instinct is in the second place. Based on the study, emotional intelligence is a mediation variable between job preferences and job satisfaction.

Job preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students in China: a discrete choice experiment

Background Pharmacists are a crucial part of the health workforce and play an important role in achieving universal health coverage. In China, pharmaceutical human resources are in short supply, and the distribution is unequal. This study aimed to identify the key job characteristics that influence the job preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students and to elicit the relative importance of different job characteristics to shed light on future policy interventions. Methods A discrete choice experiment was conducted to assess the job preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students from 6 provinces in mainland China. A face-to-face interview was used to collect data. Conditional logit and mixed logit models were used to analyse data, and the final model was chosen according to the model fit statistics. A series of policy simulations was also conducted. Results In total, 581 respondents completed the questionnaire, and 500 respondents who passed the internal consistency test were analysed. All attributes were statistically significant except for open management. Monthly income and work location were most important to respondents, followed by work unit (which refers to the nature of the workplace) and years to promotion. There was preference heterogeneity among respondents, e.g., male students preferred open management, and female students preferred jobs in public institutions. Furthermore, students with an urban background or from a single-child family placed higher value on a job in the city compared to their counterparts. Conclusion The heterogeneity of attributes showed the complexity of job preferences. Both monetary and nonmonetary job characteristics significantly influenced the job preferences of pharmacy students in China. A more effective policy intervention to attract graduates to work in rural areas should consider both incentives on the job itself and the background of pharmacy school graduates.

Macroeconomic Conditions When Young Shape Job Preferences for Life

Preferences for monetary and non-monetary job attributes are important for understanding workers’ motivation and the organization of work. Little is known, however, about how those job preferences are formed. We study how macroeconomic conditions when young shape workers’ job preferences for life. Using variation in income-per-capita across US regions and over time since the 1920s, we find that job preferences vary in systematic ways with experienced macroeconomic conditions during young adulthood. Recessions create cohorts of workers who give higher priority to income, whereas booms make cohorts care more about job meaning, for the rest of their lives.

Employment preferences of healthcare workers in South Africa: Findings from a discrete choice experiment

There is a maldistribution of human resources for health globally, with many Lower- and Middle-Income Countries experiencing significant shortages. We examined healthcare workers’ job preferences in South Africa to identify factors which potentially influence employment decisions. A discrete choice experiment was conducted among 855 South African healthcare workers critical to its national HIV testing and treatment programs. Job characteristics included workload, workplace culture, availability of equipment, training opportunities, sector and facility type, location, salary and benefits. Main effects analysis was conducted using fixed effects logistic regression. Interaction effects identified divergence in preferences. Heavy workload (OR = 0.78; 95% C.I. 0.74–0.83), poor workplace culture (odds ratio 0.66; 95% C.I. 0.62–0.69), insufficient availability of equipment (OR = 0.67; 95% C.I. 0.63–0.70) and infrequent training opportunities (OR = 0.75; 95% C.I. 0.71–0.80) had large, significant effects on worker preferences. An increase in salary of 20% (OR = 1.29; 95% C.I. 1.16–1.44) had a positive effect on preferences, while a salary decrease of 20% (OR = 0.55; 95% C.I. 0.49–0.60) had a strong negative effect. Benefits packages had large positive effects on preferences: respondents were twice as likely to choose a job that included medical aid, pension and housing contributions worth 40% of salary (OR = 2.06; 95% C.I. 1.87–2.26), holding all else constant. Although salary was important across all cadres, benefits packages had larger effects on job preferences than equivalent salary increases. Improving working conditions is critical to attracting and retaining appropriate health cadres responsible for the country’s HIV services, especially in the public sector and underserved, often rural, communities. Crucially, our evidence suggests that factors amenable to improvement such as workplace conditions and remuneration packages have a greater influence on healthcare workers employment decisions than employment sector or location.

Job Preferences of Undergraduate Pharmacy Students in China: A Discrete Choice Experiment

Background: Pharmacists are a crucial part of the health workforce and playing important role in achieving universal health coverage. In China, pharmaceutical human resources are in short and the distribution is unequal. This study aimed to identify the key job characteristics that influence the job preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students and to elicit the relative importance of different job characteristics to shed lights on future policy intervention.Methods: A discrete choice experiment was conducted to elicit the job preferences of undergraduate pharmacy students from 6 provinces in mainland China. A face-to-face interview was used to collect data. Conditional logit and mixed logit models were used to analyze data and the final model was chosen according to the model fit statistics. A series of policy simulation was also conducted.Results: In total, 581 respondents completed the questionnaire and 500 respondents who passed the internal consistency test were analyzed. All attributes were statistically significant except for open management. Monthly income and work location were most important to respondents, followed by work unit (which refers to the nature of workplace) and years to promotion. There exists preference heterogeneity among respondents, e.g. male students preferred open management and female students preferred a job in private institutions. Furthermore, students with an urban background or from a single-child family placed higher values on a job in the city as compared to their counterparts. Conclusion: The heterogeneity of attributes showed the complexity of job preferences. Both monetary and non-monetary job characteristics significantly influenced the job preferences of pharmacy students in China. A more effective policy intervention to attact graduates to work in rural areas should consider both incentives on the job itself as well as the background of pharmacy school graduates.