scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Serbia

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
Statistical Interpretation ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Graphical Displays ◽  
Early School ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
National Statistical Office

The situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2010-2019) in Serbia is presen-ted in this report. The main criterion for analysis was the degree of urbanisation, where the comparison was done between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities, and the whole country. The data available on EUROSTAT and the national Statistical office of Serbia were used as main resources for statistical interpretation. The statistical procedures used in the report rely on descriptive longitudinal analysis, using graphical displays (e.g. overlay line charts) as well as the calculation of proportional abso-lute and relative changes between observed years. The analysis of the youth population in Serbia aged 15-24 years in total as well as the youth population for different degrees of urbaisation, for the period 2010-2019, showed a de-creasing trend. In the period 2014-2019 (which is with available data for the case of Serbia) it can be ob-served that the youth employment rate is increasing in all areas of urbanisation. In contrast to the employment, the level of unemployment in Serbia is constantly decreasing in the period 2014-2019. This trend is similar for all three areas of urbanisation.The decrease in the number of early school leavers is registered in the case of entire Serbia, cities, and rural areas. The only trend of increasing of early school leavers’ rate is recorded for the towns and suburbs, for the observed period 2014-2019.In the period 2010-2019, the NEET rate is declining in Serbia for all three degrees of ur-banisation. In comparison to EU countries, Serbia is still significantly above the European average, but with a tendency of reducing the gap.

scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Montenegro

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Graphical Displays ◽  
Early School ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Public Datasets

This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Edu-cation or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Montenegro. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that between 2011 and 2019, the youth population aged 15 to 29 years has been decreasing in Montenegro. Youth unemployment in rural areas is more noticeable, even though the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications and young people in the category of early school leavers in rural areas between 2011-2019. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Montenegro is higher in rural areas, compared to urban regions, thus revealing territorial inequalities in access to employment and education opportunities.

scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Spain

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Graphical Displays ◽  
Early School ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Youth Population

This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Spain. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail.The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets.In the last ten years (2009 - 2019) a significant portion of the Spanish youth population has migrated from rural areas to cities and towns. This migration trend could be explained by the economic crisis which impacted upon Spain from 2008 onwards. Data shown in this report makes visible the vulnerability of rural NEET youth to these downturns from 2009 to 2013. In line with this, Early-school leaving (ESLET) and unemployment rates in rural areas were more pronounced in 2013 and the following years for rural youth in comparison with youth living in urban areas and towns. However, in the last two years (2017-2019) there has been a sharp decrease in these indicators placing youth living rural areas, on average, in line with the rest (i.e., an average NEET youth rate in Spain 15% versus 16% for rural areas).

scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Germany

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Youth Employment ◽  
Early School ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Low Educated ◽  
Public Datasets

This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Germany. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; youth employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characte-risation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling proportional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years significantly increa-sed between 2009 and 2012 and then decreased slightly until 2019. The youth employment rate in Germany is generally increasing, and is at all times significantly higher in rural areas than in cities, towns and suburbs. The reverse trend applies to youth unemployment, which generally decreased in the observed period and which is at all times lowest in rural areas. A look at educational attainment levels showed a slight decline in rural areas of low educated persons between 2009 and 2019, while the proportion of rural youth with medium and high education slightly increased. At the same time, the proportion of early school leavers in rural areas after an increase until 2011, fell sharply and reached the 2009 level again by 2019. Be-ing 9% in 2019, it remains, at least in rural areas, slightly below the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Germany is lower in rural areas in all age classes and as a whole decreased significantly from 2009 to 2019.

scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Bulgaria

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Early School ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Public Datasets

This report outlines in detail the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Bulgaria. To do this, the report utilised indicators of: youth population; you-th employment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characteri-sation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, enabling proportional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indi-cators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been increasing in Bulgaria. Although the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities, rural areas faced more difficulties in overcoming the effects of the crisis, particularly among young adults aged over 25 years. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications compared with young people in early school leavers in rural areas between 2009-2019, even though it still remains well above the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strate-gy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Bulgaria is higher in rural areas, in all age groups with available data, compared to cities and towns and suburbs, thereby revealing territorial inequalities in access to employment and education opportunities

scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Croatia

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Rural Youth ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Higher Educational Attainment ◽  
Public Datasets

This report presents the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) in Croatia, aged between 15 and 34 years old, in the period from 2009 until 2019. To achieve this goal, the report utilised indicators of youth population, youth em-ployment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopted the degree of urbanisation as a central criteria, enabling comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further collapsed into age sub-groups and, when possible, in sex groups for greater detail. The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involved des-criptive longitudinal analysis, using figures (e.g., line charts) as well as the calculation of abso-lute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the indicators evolution before and after the economic crisis that hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets. The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been decreasing in Croatia. Youth unemployment was marked by two distinct periods, one from 2009 to 2013 (with higher rates of youth unemployment) and another from 2013 to 2019 (with the decrease in unemployment rates, with lower unemployment rates in ci-ties and higher in towns and suburbs and rural areas). In the field of education, however, there has been a decrease of the Croatian population with lower levels of education and an increase of the proportion of those with higher educational attainment. Finally, the propor-tion of NEETs in Croatia is higher in rural areas compared to cities and towns and suburbs, revealing territorial inequalities in access to employment and education opportunities.

scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Portugal

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Relative Reduction ◽  
Early School ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Youth Population

This report outlines in detail the situation of rural youths Neither in Employment, nor in Edu-cation or Training (NEET) aged between 15 and 34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Portugal. To do this, the report portrays indicators of: youth population; youth em-ployment and unemployment; education; and, NEETs distribution. The characterisation of all indicators adopts the degree of urbanisation as a central criterion, thereby enabling propor-tional comparisons between rural areas, towns and suburbs, cities and the whole country. These analyses are further divided into age subgroups and, where possible, into sex groups for greater detail.The statistical procedures adopted across the different selected dimensions involve: des-criptive longitudinal analysis; using graphical displays (e.g., overlay line charts); and, the calculation of proportional absolute and relative changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019, and finally 2009 and 2019. These time ranges were chosen to capture the in-dicators evolution before and after the economic crisis which hit European countries. All data was extracted from Eurostat public datasets.The analyses show that between 2009 and 2019 the rural youth population aged 15 to 24 years has been increasing in Portugal. Although the youth unemployment rate is higher in cities, rural areas faced more difficulties in overcoming the effects of the crisis, particularly among young adults aged over 25 years. In the field of education, however, there was an absolute and relative reduction in the proportion of young people with lower qualifications compared with young people in early school leavers in rural areas between 2009-2019, even though it still remains well above the 10% target defined by the Europe 2020 strategy. Finally, the proportion of NEETs in Portugal is higher in rural areas, in all age groups with available data, compared to cities and towns and suburbs, thereby revealing territorial in-equalities in access to employment and education opportunities.

scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Slovakia

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
National Report ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Age Category

This report describes the situation of rural Youths Neither in Employment, nor in Education or Training (NEET) aged between 15-34 years old, over the last decade (2009-2019) in Slo-vakia. To achieve this goal, the report utilised indicators of youth population, youth employ-ment and unemployment, education and NEETs distribution and amount of ESLET in Slovakia according to different level of urbanisation (cities, towns and suburbs and towns). There are more male than females living in Slovakia. However, there are more females living in rural areas. Youth unemployment has been rising every year since 2009, peaking in 2012/2013, and after this peak it has decreased gradually leading to the lowest unemployment rate in a decade for the age category 15-39 in 2018-2019. Since the year 2010 the employment rate has been gradually increasing in all degrees of urbanisation. In last decade (2009-2019), the population aged 15-24 years old in Slovakia has become more educated. The highest increa-se was in last decade at level ISCED 5-8 in rural areas. ESLET has gradually increased in Slo-vakia nationwide. Between the years 2009-2019, there were an increased number of ESLET females in rural areas. The share of NEETs has slightly decreased in last decade in Slovakia.

Which Data to Meta-Analyze, and How?

2019 ◽  
Vol 227 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Voracek ◽  
Michael Kossmeier ◽  
Ulrich S. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Curve Analysis ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Statistical Procedures ◽  
Graphical Displays ◽  
Primary Data Analysis ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Data Analytic

Abstract. Which data to analyze, and how, are fundamental questions of all empirical research. As there are always numerous flexibilities in data-analytic decisions (a “garden of forking paths”), this poses perennial problems to all empirical research. Specification-curve analysis and multiverse analysis have recently been proposed as solutions to these issues. Building on the structural analogies between primary data analysis and meta-analysis, we transform and adapt these approaches to the meta-analytic level, in tandem with combinatorial meta-analysis. We explain the rationale of this idea, suggest descriptive and inferential statistical procedures, as well as graphical displays, provide code for meta-analytic practitioners to generate and use these, and present a fully worked real example from digit ratio (2D:4D) research, totaling 1,592 meta-analytic specifications. Specification-curve and multiverse meta-analysis holds promise to resolve conflicting meta-analyses, contested evidence, controversial empirical literatures, and polarized research, and to mitigate the associated detrimental effects of these phenomena on research progress.

scholarly journals National report 2009-2019 - Rural NEET in Italy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Youth Unemployment ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Youth Population ◽  
Analyse Data

This document describes the Italian situation of young people aged between 15 and 34 years who do not work, do not study and are not in training (NEET), from 2009 to 2019. The report analyses the following indicators of the youth population: employment; unem-ployment; education; and, distribution of NEETs. The criteria adopted to analyse data are mainly the degree of urbanisation, the age group and, where possible, gender. The statistical procedure adopted for the different dimensions selected is descriptive lon-gitudinal analysis and calculation of absolute and relative proportional changes between 2009 and 2013, 2013 and 2019 and between 2009 and 2019. These time intervals have been chosen to capture the evolution of the indicators before and after the economic cri-sis that hit European countries. All data has been extracted from Eurostat public data sets. The data analysed shows how the Italian population decreased slightly between 2009 and 2019. However, what clearly changed is the distribution: increased in rural areas and decreased in cities. Youth unemployment grew strongly from 2009 to 2014, until finally decreasing from 2014 to 2019. Between 2009 and 2019, the Italian population aged from 15 to 24 years old has become more educated. The number of young people who drop out of school early decreased sharply, although rural areas remain the ones with the highest rates thereof. Finally, the NEET rate is one of the highest in the EU and has increased overall from 2009 to 2019. The peak was reached in 2014 and then the share decreased until 2019. Rural areas have the highest rate, although with a very small difference compared to the rate of cities and the national average.

scholarly journals Current situation and development of the bee-keeping sector in Hungary

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
László Kárpáti ◽  
Zsolt Csapó ◽  
Georgina Árváné Ványi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Product Development ◽  
National Economy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Small Businesses ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Rural Landscape ◽  
Employment Rate ◽  
The European Union

Rural development has become more and more important issue in Hungary since rural areas also contribute to the efficiency of the national economy. Development of rural areas also very important issue in the European Union, which could contribute to the improvement of profitability of small family businesses, higher employment rate in rural areas as well as slow down the migration of people from rural into urban areas. Nowadays the bee-keeping– as one of the activities can provide alternative income for small businesses in rural areas– has become more and more important topic in Hungary. Bee-keeping sector provides income roughly 15 thousands families in Hungary. At the same time it takes important role in the preservation of rural landscape, traditions and their regional values. However, the sector has serious problems, as well (for instance quality issues, competitors on the market, etc.). It can be stated that the market position of Hungarian honey can be preserved through the improvement of quality assurance and product development. These developments can be carried out by the utilization of national and European Union funds.

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