Maize yield performance altered by trinexapac-ethyl rates and plant population

SUMMARYSeed-oriented planting provides a manner to influence canopy structure. The purpose of this research was to improve maize light interception using seed-oriented planting to manipulate leaf azimuth across the row thereby minimizing leaf overlap. To achieve leaf azimuths oriented preferentially across the row, seeds were planted: (i) upright with caryopsis pointed down, parallel to the row (upright); and (ii) laying flat, embryo up, perpendicular to the row (flat). These treatments were compared to conventionally planted seeds with resulting random leaf azimuth distribution. Seed orientation effects were contrasted with three levels of plant population and two levels of hybrid specific canopy structures. Increased plant population resulted in greater light interception but yield tended to decrease as plant population increased. The planophile hybrid produced consistently greater yields than the erectophile hybrid. The difference between planophile and erectophile hybrids ranged from 283 to 903 kg ha−1. Overall, mean grain yield for upright and flat seed placement increased by 351 and 463 kg ha−1 compared to random seed placement. Greater cumulative intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (CIPAR) was found for oriented seeds rather than random-oriented seeds. At physiological maturity upright, flat and random-oriented seeds intercepted 555, 525 and 521 MJ m−2 of PAR, respectively. Maize yield responded positively to improved light interception and better radiation use efficiency. Under irrigated conditions, precision planting of maize increased yield by 9 to 14% compared to random-oriented seeds.

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Managing Density Stress to Close the Maize Yield Gap

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.767465 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Eric T. Winans ◽

Tryston A. Beyrer ◽

Frederick E. Below

Keyword(s):

Plant Density ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Kernel Weight ◽

Plant Population ◽

Management Control ◽

Yield Gap ◽

Induced Stress ◽

Agronomic Management ◽

Standard Level ◽

N Fertility

Continued yield increases of maize (Zea mays L.) will require higher planting populations, and enhancement of other agronomic inputs could alleviate density-induced stress. Row spacing, plant population, P-S-Zn fertility, K-B fertility, N fertility, and foliar protection were evaluated for their individual and cumulative impacts on the productivity of maize in a maize-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation. An incomplete factorial design with these agronomic factors in both 0.76 and 0.51 m row widths was implemented for 13 trials in Illinois, United States, from 2014 to 2018. The agronomic treatments were compared to two controls: enhanced and standard, comprising all the factors applied at the enhanced or standard level, respectively. The 0.51 m enhanced management control yielded 3.3 Mg ha–1 (1.8–4.6 Mg ha–1 across the environments) more grain (25%) than the 0.76 m standard management control, demonstrating the apparent yield gap between traditional farm practices and attainable yield through enhanced agronomic management. Narrow rows and the combination of P-S-Zn and K-B fertility were the factors that provided the most significant yield increases over the standard control. Increasing plant population from 79,000 to 109,000 plants ha–1 reduced the yield gap when all other inputs were applied at the enhanced level. However, increasing plant population alone did not increase yield when no other factors were enhanced. Some agronomic factors, such as narrow rows and availability of plant nutrition, become more critical with increasing plant population when density-induced stress is more significant. Changes in yield were dependent upon changes in kernel number. Kernel weight was the heaviest when all the management factors were applied at the enhanced level while only planting 79,000 plants ha–1. Conversely, kernel weight was the lightest when increasing population to 109,000 plants ha–1 while all other factors were applied at the standard level. The yield contribution of each factor was generally greater when applied in combination with all other enhanced factors than when added individually to the standard input system. Additionally, the full value of high-input agronomic management was only realized when matched with greater plant density.

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Hybrid maturity influence on maize yield and yield component response to plant population in Croatia and Nebraska

Cereal Research Communications ◽

10.1556/0806.45.2017.015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 326-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

J. Milander ◽

Ž. Jukić ◽

S. Mason ◽

T. Galusha ◽

Z. Kmail

Keyword(s):

Maize Yield ◽

Yield Component ◽

Plant Population

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Plant Population Influence on Maize Yield Components in Croatia and Nebraska

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci2015.09.0565 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 56 (5) ◽

pp. 2742-2750 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Jeremy J. Milander ◽

Zeljko Jukic ◽

Stephen C. Mason ◽

Tomie Glausha ◽

Zaher Kmail

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Plant Population

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Effectiveness of Imazapyr Coated Hybrids and Selected Striga-tolerant Varieties on S. hermonthica Management and Maize Yield Performance in Western Part of Kenya

Advances in Applied Physiology ◽

10.11648/j.aap.20210601.11 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

Sibuti Mwita Samwel ◽

Kimurto Paul ◽

Ogendo Joshua

Keyword(s):

Maize Yield ◽

Yield Performance

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Maize Yield Components as Affected by Plant Population, Planting Date, Crop Growing Season and Soil Coverings in Brazil

10.20944/preprints202010.0061.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Gustavo Castilho Beruski ◽

Luis Miguel Schiebelbein ◽

André Belmont Pereira

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Management Practices ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Plant Density ◽

Maize Yield ◽

Bare Soil ◽

Plant Population ◽

Positive Trend ◽

Plant Populations ◽

Potential Yield

The potential yield of annual crops is affected by management practices and water and energy availabilities throughout the crop season. The current work aimed to assess the effects of plant population and soil covering on yield components of maize. Field experiments were carried out during 2014-15 and 2015-16 growing seasons at areas grown with oat straw, voluntary plants and bare soil, considering five different plant populations (40,000, 60,000, 80,000, 100,000 and 120,000 plants ha-1) and three sowing dates (15 Sep., 30 Oct., 15 Dec.) for the hybrid P30F53YH in Ponta Grossa, State of Parana, Brazil. Non-impacts of soil covering or plant population on plant height at the flowering phenological stage were observed. Significant effects of soil covering on crop physiological and yield components responses throughout the 2014-15 season were detected. Influence of plant populations on yield components was evidenced, suggesting that from 80,000 plants ha-1 the P30F53YH hybrid performs a compensatory effect among assessed yield components in such a way as to not compromise productivity insofar as plant population increases up to 120,000 plants ha-1. It was noticed a positive trend of yield components and crop final yield as a function of plant density increments.

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População de plantas e desempenho produtivo de híbridos de milho oriundos de sementes com diferentes níveis de vigor

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v11i2.4173 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 01

Author(s):

Danilo Henrique Rodrigues da Silva ◽

Géri Eduardo Meneghello ◽

Sandro de Oliveira ◽

Jerffeson Araújo Cavalcante ◽

Lilian Madruga Tunes

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Plant Population ◽

Seed Vigor ◽

Corn Hybrids ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Maize Hybrids ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Final Yield ◽

And Performance

As relações entre o vigor e desempenho de sementes são bastante contraditórias. Para espécies produtoras de grãos e hortaliças, os efeitos do vigor da semente podem ser expressos na emergência, no crescimento inicial, e no desenvolvimento, com impactos na produtividade final. No entanto, o dimensionamento desta persistência pode não ser evidente em todas as fases, sendo mais comum na emergência. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos do vigor de sementes de milho no estabelecimento e desempenho produtivo dos híbridos 502 e 810. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda Rancho Alegre, em Itiquira, Mato Grosso (520 m de altitude). Empregou-se o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, em esquema fatorial 2×3, sendo dois híbridos de milho (BM502 e BM810) e três níveis de vigor (alto, médio e baixo), com quatro repetições. A semeadura foi realizada com semeadora manual a 2,5 cm de profundidade e com espaçamento de 0,5 metros entre linhas. As parcelas foram constituídas por 6 linhas de 5 m, sendo que apenas 2 linhas foram utilizadas como área útil para as avaliações. Foi avaliado a população de plantas/ha, produtividade de grãos/ha e produção por planta. O nível de vigor das sementes de híbridos de milho BM502 e BM810 não interfere no estabelecimento do estante inicial e na produção de grãos por planta. O aumento do vigor ocasiona aumento na produtividade dos híbridos de milho.Plant population and yield performance of corn hybrids derived from seeds with different levels of forceAbstract: Abstract: The relationship between seed vigor and performance are quite contradictory. For species that produce grains and vegetables, the effects of seed vigor can be expressed in the emergence, early growth, and development, with impacts on final yield. It aimed to evaluate the effects of the vigor of corn seeds in the establishment and yield performance of the hybrid 502 and 810. The experiment was conducted in Rancho Alegre Farmin Itiquira, Mato Grosso (520 m altitude). We used the design in a randomized block design in a 2 × 3 factorial design, with two maize (BM502 and BM810) and three force levels (high, medium and low), with four replications. The seeding was done with manual seeder 2,5 cm deep and spaced 0,5 meters between rows. The plots were 6 rows of 5 m, with only two lines were used as useful for evaluations area. Plant population há-1, seed yield / ha and yield per plant was evaluated. The level of seed vigor of maize hybrids BM502 and BM810 does not interfere in the establishment of the initial stand and grain yield per plant. The increase in force results in an increase in the productivity of maize hybrids.

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