Epidemiological profile of patients co-infected with visceral leishmaniasis and HIV/AIDS in Northeast, Brazil

The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of HIV/HBV and HIV/HCV coinfections among AIDS cases reported in Brazil, and to describe the epidemiological profile of these cases. Coinfection was identified through probabilistic record linkage of the data of all patients carrying the HIV virus recorded as AIDS patients and of those patients reported as carriers of hepatitis B or C virus in various databases from the Brazilian Ministry of Health from 1999 to 2010. In this period 370,672 AIDS cases were reported, of which 3,724 were HIV/HBV coinfections. Women are less likely to become coinfected than men and the chance of coinfection increases with age. This study allowed an important evaluation of HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV coinfections in Brazil using information obtained via merging secondary databases from the Ministry of Health, without conducting seroprevalence research. The findings of this study might be important for planning activities of the Brazilian epidemiologic surveillance agencies.

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Pulmonary hypertension: definitions, classification, diagnosis, and management

ESC CardioMed ◽

10.1093/med/9780198784906.003.0301 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 1200-1204

Author(s):

Anastase Dzudie ◽

Friedrich Thienemann

Keyword(s):

Pulmonary Hypertension ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Right Heart Failure ◽

Pulmonary Vasculature ◽

Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

Epidemiological Profile ◽

Hiv Aids

Pulmonary hypertension is a devastating, progressive disease associated with increasingly debilitating symptoms and a poor prognosis due to narrowing of the pulmonary vasculature and consequential right heart failure. The epidemiological profile of pulmonary hypertension across the world is largely unknown. However, recent reports suggest that the incidence in developing countries is higher than in high-income countries due to a higher prevalence of antecedent risk factors and contributory diseases such as human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and tuberculosis. HIV/AIDS is a global pandemic affecting approximately 37 million people. When HIV infection is diagnosed early and combination antiretroviral therapy is initiated in time, most patients experience acceptable immune recovery and can reach normal life expectancy. With the decline of HIV-related morbidity and mortality and increased life expectancy, non-HIV-related conditions and HIV-associated cardiovascular disease such as pulmonary hypertension continue to rise in this cohort. This chapter describes the burden, pathogenesis, and impact of combination antiretroviral therapy on HIV-associated pulmonary hypertension.

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Prevention of HIV infection among migrant population groups in Northeast Brazil

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0102-311x2004000100050 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 320-328 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Ligia Regina Sansigolo Kerr-Pontes ◽

Fernando González ◽

Carl Kendall ◽

Elda Maria Área Leão ◽

Fábio Rocha Távora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hiv Infection ◽

Social Organization ◽

Qualitative Methodology ◽

Belief System ◽

Social Situation ◽

Aids Prevention ◽

Northeast Brazil ◽

Prevention Measures ◽

Family Health Program ◽

Hiv Aids

HIV infection is spreading among the poor, women, and migrant communities in the interior of Northeast Brazil. The research focused on different configurations, beliefs, representations, and forms of social organization of behavior thought to be associated with the population's capacity to efficiently follow AIDS prevention measures. Participants located in neighborhoods known for having large migrant populations were identified by Family Health Program Workers in Fortaleza and Teresina. The study adopted a qualitative methodology. Several belief-system concepts and values, as well as the social organization of sexuality revealed in the study, represent obstacles both to AIDS prevention and condom use. Hunger, lack of prospects, and fear are associated with a social situation of poverty, exclusion, prejudice, and total absence of basic human rights When examined together, these elements define different configurations in the migrants' increased vulnerability to HIV/AIDS. The groups' increased vulnerability relates to the socioeconomic complexity that must be considered in HIV/AIDS control and prevention programs.

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Epidemiological aspects of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in State of Alagoas, Northeast, Brazil

Brazilian Journal of Biology ◽

10.1590/1519-6984.166622 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 78 (4) ◽

pp. 609-614 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

M. A. N. Rocha ◽

T. J. Matos-Rocha ◽

C. M. B. Ribeiro ◽

S. R. O. Abreu

Keyword(s):

Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Secondary Data ◽

The State ◽

Northeast Brazil ◽

Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

The Past ◽

Human Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽

Canine Infection ◽

Genus Leishmania ◽

Zoonotic Visceral Leishmaniasis

Abstract Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL), caused by protozoans of the genus Leishmania, it is a worldwide of great importance disease. In the northeast region of Brazil, the state of Alagoas has an endemic status for ZVL. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the epidemiological situation of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis in Alagoas, Northeast, Brazil, from 2007 to 2013. We conducted a descriptive, observational, retrospective study using secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System, the Center of Zoonosis Control of Maceió, and the Central Laboratory of Public Health of Alagoas. During the studied period, it was observed that the highest incidence of human visceral leishmaniasis was in 2011 and the lowest in 2013. On the other hand, canine visceral leishmaniasis had its highest incidence in 2007 and its lowest in 2012. Of the 55 municipalities in the State of Alagoas that showed human visceral leishmaniasis (HVL), São José da Tapera presented an average of 4.4 cases over the past five years, being classified as of intense transmission. Regarding canine visceral leishmaniasis, in the same studied period, 45,112 dogs were examined in the State, of which 4,466 were positive. It resulted, thus, in a 9.9% positivity rate. Conclusions: Our data are important because canine infection is an important risk factor for the human disease.

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