scholarly journals ANATOMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TENSION WOOD IN Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg.

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1107
Author(s):  
Letícia Maria Alves Ramos ◽  
João Vicente de Figueiredo Latorraca ◽  
Thayanne Caroline Castor Neto ◽  
Letícia Souza Martins ◽  
Elias Taylor Durgante Severo
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Gelatinous Fiber

ABSTRACT Tension wood is an important anatomical structure for its participation in the orientation of the trunk and the architecture of the branches as a function of structural reinforcement. However, its presence in large amounts significantly affects the technological properties of wood, just as in the rubber tree. Nevertheless, there is still demand for information about the origin, distribution and structural features in this species. Thus, this study aims to characterize the cellular structures in tension and opposite wood in Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree), as well as its radial and longitudinal distribution. Discs at the base and the middle of the commercial logs were collected from three trees in a commercial plantation located in Tabapoã - SP. Tangential diameter of vessels, fiber length (gelatinous and non-gelatinous fibers), microfibril angle and proportionality of cellular elements (vessels, axial parenchyma, ray, gelatinous fibers and non-gelatinous fibers) were measured, and influence of gelatinous fiber presence in vessel diameter was observed. Gelatinous fibers were observed in the two types of wood and in the two trunk heights. Both types of wood were distinguished by gelatinous fiber length and the proportion of axial parenchyma. The tension wood in mid-trunk was the most different, with long gelatinous fibers and less abundant, larger vessel diameter and vessel proportion. Moreover, smaller vessel diameter was observed in the regions with a high proportion of gelatinous fibers, suggesting that the plant invests more support than in liquid transport.

Xylogénèse chez les Dicotylédones arborescentes. V. Formation du bois de tension et transport de l'acide indole acétique tritié chez le Hêtre

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Lachaud
Keyword(s):  
Tension Wood ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Preferential Direction ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Fagus Silvatica ◽  
Normal Transport ◽  
Bois De Tension

Upper stems of young beeches (Fagus silvatica L.) were bent into Jaccard loops in May. If they stayed on the tree, they produced a wide arc of extreme tension wood on the upper side of the loop, which contained numerous gelatinous fibers, few vessels, and little axial parenchyma. On the lower side of these loops, xylogenesis was nearly stopped. If bent stems were removed from the tree, xylogenesis was far less asymmetric: the wood formed on the upper side contained normal vessels and axial parenchyma, but also gelatinous fibers; on the lower side, the wood was normal. Transport and metabolism of 3H-labelled indole acetic acid was studied in both models. In intact loops left on the trees, lateral auxin transport took place mainly towards the lower half of the stem. In isolated loops, no preferential direction could be detected for lateral auxin transport. Extreme tension wood differentiation on the upper side of a bent stem requires the intervention of correlative factors, not only from buds, but also from the base of the tree, which particularly influence lateral downward transport of auxin.

scholarly journals GROWTH STRAINS AND RELATED WOOD STRUCTURES IN THE LEANING TRUNKS AND BRANCHES OF TROCHODENDRON ARALIOIDES - A VESSEL-LESS DICOTYLEDON

IAWA Journal ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling-Long Kuo-Huang ◽  
Shin-Shin Chen ◽  
Yan-San Huang ◽  
Shiang-Jiuun Chen ◽  
Yi-In Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Wall Layer ◽  
Growth Stress ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Wood Structures ◽  
Opposite Wood ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Percentage Area ◽  
Gelatinous Fiber ◽  
The Difference

Leaning trunks and branches of Trochodendron aralioides Sieb. & Zucc., a primitive vessel-less dicotyledon, show increased radial growth and gelatinous fibers on the upper side similar to the features found in dicotyledons with vessels. The patterns of peripheral longitudinal growth strain are variable among trees but similar at different heights within the same leaning trunk. Growth strains on the lower side of the trunks are very small but they are relatively large on the lower side of the branches. Growth stress in the branches is partly affected by the gravitational bending stress, which would be exerted mostly on the lower side. Large spring back strains of branches are associated with large surface strains. Both the microfibril angle (MFA) and the percentage area of gelatinous fiber show positive relationships with the measured strains. The MFA of the S2 wall layer in tracheids in the opposite wood is 24.6 ± 2.2°, whereas the MFA of gelatinous layer in the tension wood is only 14.2 ± 2.7°. The difference of MFA between the gelatinous fibers and the opposite wood is one of the factors accounting for the large contracting force for reorientation.

scholarly journals Co- and post-translational processing of the hevein preproprotein of latex of the rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis)

1991 ◽  
Vol 266 (24) ◽  
pp. 15944-15948
Author(s):  
H.I. Lee ◽  
W.F. Broekaert ◽  
N.V. Raikhel ◽  
H. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Tree

scholarly journals Ethrel® stimulant increases the activity of soluble invertase isoforms in rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) bark tissues

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107
Author(s):  
Débora Domiciano ◽  
◽  
Pollyanna Aparecida Carvalho ◽  
Luiz Edson Mota de Oliveira ◽  
Hilda Beatriz W. Cárdenaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Tree

scholarly journals Expression and characterization of active site mutants of hevamine, a chitinase from the rubber tree Hevea brasiliensis

2002 ◽  
Vol 269 (3) ◽  
pp. 893-901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evert Bokma ◽  
Henriëtte J. Rozeboom ◽  
Mark Sibbald ◽  
Bauke W. Dijkstra ◽  
Jaap J. Beintema
Keyword(s):  
Active Site ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Active Site Mutants

scholarly journals Screening of endophytes from rubber trees (hevea brasiliensis) for biological control of Corticium salmonicolor

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Nguyen Van Minh ◽  
Mai Huu Phuc ◽  
Duong Nhat Linh ◽  
Tran Thi A Ni ◽  
Tran Kien Duc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Endophytic Bacteria ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Tissue Samples

28 leaves and living-tissue samples of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) were collected from Ho Chi Minh City, Binh Phuoc province and Binh Duong province (Viet Nam). We isolated and screened endophytes that have potential application as agents for biocontrol of Corticium salmonicolor, the agent of Pink Disease in rubber trees. As a result, 21 strains of endophytic bacteria and 14 strains of endophytic fungi were isolated. Antagonistic activity of the endophytes towards C. salmonicolor was checked by using a dual culture. Testing results showed that: T9, T15 and T16 strains have inhibited C. salmonicolor. T9 and T16 strains showed result that 100% of inhibiting C. salmonicolor at the concentration of 1:1. In the test of ability to kill C. salmonicolor, T9 and T16 strains showed that they could kill C. salmonicolor after 3 sprays of bacterial filtrate. T9 and T6 strains, which were identified by biochemical methods, have similar characteristics to Bacillus thuringiensis.

scholarly journals Prognostic of the Using Wood of Erythroxylum myrsinites Mart. Under the Anatomic Prism

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Rossana Cortelini da Rosa ◽  
Dione Dambrós Raddatz ◽  
Paulo Fernando dos Santos Machado ◽  
Mario Lima dos Santos ◽  
Alexandro Dias Martins Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Properties ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Wood Technology ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Thin Walls ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
High Flexibility

The composition of the wood and its elements are considered determinants in the wood properties, standing out the fibers, axial parenchyma, number of vessels and rays. In this context, we aimed to investigate and describe the wood anatomical structure of the Erythroxylum myrsinites Mart. and identify its potential uses in the area of wood technology. From the tree, were removed three wood samples for the confection of anatomical slides, witch 3 × 3 × 3 cm, oriented we plans transversal, longitudinal and tangential longitudinal. For the preparation of histological blades, the method of Burger and Richter was adopted; the anatomical description was based on IAWA Committee recommendations. The species presents vessels numerous, solitary, composing 19% of the volume of wood. Diffuse porosity of polygonal contour and thin walls. Mean vascular elements, axial parenchyma representing 3% of the volume of the wood, in a paratracheal vasicentric arrangement. The rays are numerous, occupying 23% of the volume of the wood, narrow and heterogeneous, consisting of procumbent, square and erect cells. The fibers are libriform, of length medium and thick walls, occupying 55% of the volume of the wood, have spiral thickening and septate fibers, absent tracheids, and gelatinous fibers abundant. The characteristics presented give high flexibility to the stem and branches, and the wood with low specific mass, permeable and resistant to mechanical loads has potential for use in energy generation.

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