scholarly journals Prognostic of the Using Wood of Erythroxylum myrsinites Mart. Under the Anatomic Prism

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 188
Author(s):  
Rossana Cortelini da Rosa ◽  
Dione Dambrós Raddatz ◽  
Paulo Fernando dos Santos Machado ◽  
Mario Lima dos Santos ◽  
Alexandro Dias Martins Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Properties ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Wood Technology ◽  
Mechanical Loads ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Thin Walls ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
High Flexibility

The composition of the wood and its elements are considered determinants in the wood properties, standing out the fibers, axial parenchyma, number of vessels and rays. In this context, we aimed to investigate and describe the wood anatomical structure of the Erythroxylum myrsinites Mart. and identify its potential uses in the area of wood technology. From the tree, were removed three wood samples for the confection of anatomical slides, witch 3 × 3 × 3 cm, oriented we plans transversal, longitudinal and tangential longitudinal. For the preparation of histological blades, the method of Burger and Richter was adopted; the anatomical description was based on IAWA Committee recommendations. The species presents vessels numerous, solitary, composing 19% of the volume of wood. Diffuse porosity of polygonal contour and thin walls. Mean vascular elements, axial parenchyma representing 3% of the volume of the wood, in a paratracheal vasicentric arrangement. The rays are numerous, occupying 23% of the volume of the wood, narrow and heterogeneous, consisting of procumbent, square and erect cells. The fibers are libriform, of length medium and thick walls, occupying 55% of the volume of the wood, have spiral thickening and septate fibers, absent tracheids, and gelatinous fibers abundant. The characteristics presented give high flexibility to the stem and branches, and the wood with low specific mass, permeable and resistant to mechanical loads has potential for use in energy generation.

scholarly journals Anatomia da madeira de Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae)

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Graciela I. Bolzón de Muñiz ◽  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Intermediate Position ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Ximenia Americana ◽  
Perforation Plates

The wood anatomy of Ximenia americana L. is described, based in one specimen colected in Santiago del Estero, Argentina. Quantitative data and photomicrographs of the anatomical structure are presented. The wood has extremely numerous pores in solitary arrangement, very short to short vascular elements, exclusively simple perforation plates, apotracheal-diffuse axial parenchyma, fibrotracheids and heterogeneous - II rays. The wood anatomy of Ximenia places the genus in an intermediate position within family Olacaceae.

scholarly journals Estudo anatômico do xilema secundário de Acacia ibirocayensis Marchiori (Leguminosae Mimosoideae)

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (15) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
River Region ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Perforation Plates

This paper deals with the description of the general, macroscopic and microscopic features of the wood of Acacia ibirocayensis Marchiori, a small shrub native on rocky hills of the Ibirocay river region, southwestern of Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The anatomical structure showed very short vascular elements, exclusively simple perforation plates, alternate and vestured intervascular pits, paratracheal irregularly-banded axial parenchyma, homogeneous rays and libriform non-septated fibres. The wood is analysed, being considered some anatomical charactes of taxonomic, phylogenetic and ecophysiological value.

scholarly journals ANATOMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF TENSION WOOD IN Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Mull. Arg.

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1099-1107
Author(s):  
Letícia Maria Alves Ramos ◽  
João Vicente de Figueiredo Latorraca ◽  
Thayanne Caroline Castor Neto ◽  
Letícia Souza Martins ◽  
Elias Taylor Durgante Severo
Keyword(s):  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Tension Wood ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Microfibril Angle ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Longitudinal Distribution ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Gelatinous Fiber

ABSTRACT Tension wood is an important anatomical structure for its participation in the orientation of the trunk and the architecture of the branches as a function of structural reinforcement. However, its presence in large amounts significantly affects the technological properties of wood, just as in the rubber tree. Nevertheless, there is still demand for information about the origin, distribution and structural features in this species. Thus, this study aims to characterize the cellular structures in tension and opposite wood in Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree), as well as its radial and longitudinal distribution. Discs at the base and the middle of the commercial logs were collected from three trees in a commercial plantation located in Tabapoã - SP. Tangential diameter of vessels, fiber length (gelatinous and non-gelatinous fibers), microfibril angle and proportionality of cellular elements (vessels, axial parenchyma, ray, gelatinous fibers and non-gelatinous fibers) were measured, and influence of gelatinous fiber presence in vessel diameter was observed. Gelatinous fibers were observed in the two types of wood and in the two trunk heights. Both types of wood were distinguished by gelatinous fiber length and the proportion of axial parenchyma. The tension wood in mid-trunk was the most different, with long gelatinous fibers and less abundant, larger vessel diameter and vessel proportion. Moreover, smaller vessel diameter was observed in the regions with a high proportion of gelatinous fibers, suggesting that the plant invests more support than in liquid transport.

scholarly journals PREVISÕES TECNOLÓGICAS NA MADEIRA DE QUATRO FOLHOSAS NEOTROPICAIS: UMA ANÁLISE SOB ENFOQUE ANATÔMICO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Talita Baldin ◽  
Maiara Talgatti ◽  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori ◽  
Amanda Grassmann Da Silveira
Keyword(s):  
Standard Technique ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Black Forest ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Wood Technology ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Perforation Plates ◽  
Radial Arrangement

Baseando-se na descrição anatômica de três espécies de Calycophyllum, sendo elas Calycophyllum candidissimum, Calycophyllum multiflorum e Calycophyllum spruceanum e uma variedade Calycophyllum spruceanum f. brasiliensis, pretende-se inferir sobre o comportamento da madeira, e, ao mesmo tempo atribuir, ainda que empiricamente, um uso adequado ao material. As amostras analisadas são provenientes de diferentes instituições científicas, tais como o Jodrell Laboratory (Kew Gardens, Londres), o Instituto de Pesquisas Tecnológicas do Estado de São Paulo (IPT) e a Universidade alemã Black Forest Academy (BFA). Para a obtenção de lâminas histológicas e de macerado utilizou-se respectivamente, a técnica padrão e o método de Franklin modificado. As descrições anatômicas seguiram as recomendações do IAWA Committee. As espécies compartilham os seguintes caracteres: anéis de crescimento distintos; poros em arranjo radial e de paredes espessas; porosidade difusa; placas de perfuração simples; pontoações intervasculares pequenas, ornamentadas; parênquima axial ausente; raios heterocelulares; e fibras libriformes septadas, de comprimento médio, com paredes delgadas a espessas. É pressuposto que as características anatômicas do lenho das espécies investigadas, conferem à madeira uma alta massa específica, resistência a esforços mecânicos, alta contração volumétrica, permeabilidade e boa durabilidade natural.Palavra-chave: tecnologia da madeira, anatomia do lenho, Rubiaceae. TECHNOLOGICAL PREDICTIONS ON THE WOOD OF FOUR AMAZONIAN HARDWOOD:  AN EVALUATION UNDER ANATOMIC APPROACH ABSTRACT:Based on the anatomic description of three species of Calycophyllum being them Calycophyllum candidissimum, Calycophyllum multiflorum and Calycophyllum spruceanum and one variety of Calycophyllum spruceanum f. brasiliensis, it is intended to infer the wood performance, and assign a proper use to the material, even though empirically. The studied samples come from different scientific institutions, such as Jodrell Laboratory (Kew Gardens, London), Institute for Technological Research (São Paulo, Brazil) and the Black Forest Academy (BFA), Germany. To obtain histological slides and from macerated, the standard technique and the modified Franklin method were used, respectively. The anatomic descriptions followed the IAWA Committee recommendations. The species have the followings characteristics in common: distinct growth rings; pores in radial arrangement and thick walls; diffuse porosity; simple perforation plates; pits small intervessel, ornamented; absent axial parenchyma; heterocell rays; and libriform chambered fiber, medium length, with thin and thick walls. It is assumed that the anatomical characteristics of the wood of the investigated species, confer the wood a high specific mass, resistance to mechanical stress, hight shrinkage, permeability and good natural durability.Keywords: wood technology, wood anatomy, Rubiaceae. DOI:

Anatomical Changes to the wood of Mimosa Ophthalmocentra and Mimosa Tenuiflora when charred at different temperatures

IAWA Journal ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Luizon Dias Leme ◽  
Caroline Cartwright ◽  
Peter Gasson
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Density ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Qualitative Changes ◽  
Mimosa Tenuiflora

Wood retains most of its qualitative features when charred, but the dimensions and appearance of the cells change in various ways. Wood density, anatomical structure, moisture content, duration and temperature all influence wood behaviour when charred. This paper explores the qualitative changes that take place in the wood of Mimosa ophthalmocentra and M. tenuiflora when charred artificially at temperatures of 400, 600 and 800 °C and compares them with charcoal produced in a traditional temporary kiln in northeast Brazil. Our findings can be applied to interpreting the conditions in which charcoal has been produced, and document what happens qualitatively to the vessels, fibres, axial parenchyma and rays in very dense Mimosa wood (>1.00). The observations are specific to these two species.

scholarly journals A supramolecular proposal of lignin structure and its relation with the wood properties

2009 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heber S. Abreu ◽  
João V.F. Latorraca ◽  
Regina P.W. Pereira ◽  
Maria Beatriz O. Monteiro ◽  
Fábio A. Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Properties ◽  
The Other ◽  
Virtual Model ◽  
Structure Form ◽  
Wood Technology ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Science Discussion ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Matrix Compound

In spite of the great importance of cellulose the lignin is considered the second most abundant substance of the wood. However, little attention has been given it, mainly to wood properties. The lignin as well as other structural compounds (cellulose and hemicelluloses), has obviously an important role on the wood properties, probably due its composition and existent bonds. In general lignins have β-O-4 (Alkyl Aril Ether) as majoritary bond. This bond in a continued structure form big molecules with spiral conformation as virtual model. Based on this idea, lignins that have high/low β-O-4 content may have differentiated spiraled structures,suggesting different behaviors on the wood properties,which shows that the lignins (Guaicyl:Syringyl (GS)) of angiosperms, for example, which have higher β-O-4 content would present higher spiral conformation than gymnosperms lignins(HG). On the other hand HG lignins have chance of being more anchored on the matrix compound than GS lignins. In this context, the β-O-4 bonds of lignins possibly affect the wood properties, therefore, it is considered relevant for wood technology science discussion.

Xylogénèse chez les Dicotylédones arborescentes. V. Formation du bois de tension et transport de l'acide indole acétique tritié chez le Hêtre

1987 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1253-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Lachaud
Keyword(s):  
Tension Wood ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Auxin Transport ◽  
Lower Side ◽  
Preferential Direction ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Gelatinous Fibers ◽  
Fagus Silvatica ◽  
Normal Transport ◽  
Bois De Tension

Upper stems of young beeches (Fagus silvatica L.) were bent into Jaccard loops in May. If they stayed on the tree, they produced a wide arc of extreme tension wood on the upper side of the loop, which contained numerous gelatinous fibers, few vessels, and little axial parenchyma. On the lower side of these loops, xylogenesis was nearly stopped. If bent stems were removed from the tree, xylogenesis was far less asymmetric: the wood formed on the upper side contained normal vessels and axial parenchyma, but also gelatinous fibers; on the lower side, the wood was normal. Transport and metabolism of 3H-labelled indole acetic acid was studied in both models. In intact loops left on the trees, lateral auxin transport took place mainly towards the lower half of the stem. In isolated loops, no preferential direction could be detected for lateral auxin transport. Extreme tension wood differentiation on the upper side of a bent stem requires the intervention of correlative factors, not only from buds, but also from the base of the tree, which particularly influence lateral downward transport of auxin.

scholarly journals Number of Cells in Xylem, Phloem and Dormant Cambium in Silver Fir (Abies Alba), in Trees of Different Vitality

IAWA Journal ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jožica Gričar ◽  
Luka Krže ◽  
Katarina Čufar
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Growth Ring ◽  
Abies Alba ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Growth Rings ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Xylem Growth ◽  
Number Of Cells

We investigated the anatomical structure of phloem and xylem growth rings as well as the dormant cambium in relation to vitality in 81 adult silver fir trees (Abies alba Mill.). Specifically, we investigated the number of cells produced in the current phloem growth ring (PR), xylem growth ring (XR) and their ratio, the number of cells in the dormant cambium (CC), and the structure of the PR, which included characterisation of the early phloem (EP), the late phloem (LP), and the presence, absence, and continuity of tangential bands of axial parenchyma (AP). EP was relatively stable with respect to number and types of cells as PR width changed, but LP was quite variable. The CC of more vital trees produced more xylem than phloem cells. The ratio of XR to PR number decreased with decreasing vitality of trees and in the most severely affected trees (4% of the study group), more cells were formed in the PR than in the XR. The number of cells in phloem, xylem and dormant cambium is positively correlated. The use of width and structure of phloem and the ratios between PR, XR and CC can provide information on tree conditions and, consequently, can be a useful tool for forest management.

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN SIFAT FISIK DAN STABILITAS DIMENSI KAYU AKIBAT PENGAWETAN MENGGUNAKAN IMPREGNASI KARBONDIOKSIDA

PERENNIAL ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asdar
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Fiber Diameter ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Wood Identification ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Parenchyma Cells ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Perforation Plates

The anatomical characteristics were studied to collect information for wood identification of Gyrinops versteegii from Gorontalo. Anatomical characterisics were determined from microtome sectioned samples and macerated samples. Observation of anatomical structure in accordance to IAWA List included vessel (diameter, height, grouping, frequention, porosity, arrangement, perforation plates, deposits, and pits), rays (type, height, width and frequention), parenchyme, and fiber (diameter, diameter of lumina and wall thickness). The research results obtained are G. versteegii has included phloem, diffuse porous, radial multiple 2-4(7), 90 µm in tangential diameter, 14 per sq.mm, simple perforation plates, intervessel pit alternate and no deposites in vessel. Rays uniseriate, heterocellular and 8,4 rays per mm. Axial parenchyma diffuse or associated with included phloem and there are fusiform parenchyma cells. Intercellular canals absent. This wood has short size and very thin walled fiber. Keywords: Agar wood, wood anatomy, included phloem, G. versteegii

scholarly journals Anatomia da madeira de Acacia plumosa Lowe (Leguminosae Mimodoideae)

1991 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Newton Cardoso Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Wood Anatomy ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
Short Length ◽  
Axial Parenchyma ◽  
Perforation Plates

The objective of this work is to study the wood anatomy of Acacia plumosa Lowe. The anatomical structure presents semi-ring porosity, vessel members of very short to short length, simple perforation plates, intervascular pits with vestures, axial parenchyma in paratracheal vasicentric and marginal crystalliferous arrangement, homogeneous and commonly biseriate rays, and septate libriform fibres. The presence of intercellular axial channels and cellular channels in the ray structure are of great taxonomic value. The late feature was unknown to the genus Acacia. The wood anatomy indicates that the species studied can be, classified in the series Vulgares Bentham, which corresponds, in general lines, to the sub-genus Aculeiferum of the Vassal's system.

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