scholarly journals Effect of cilostazol on neointimal hyperplasia in iliac arteries of pigs after transluminal angioplasty

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Joel Alex Longhi ◽  
Adamastor Humberto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Common Iliac Artery ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Transluminal Angioplasty ◽  
Iliac Arteries ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Tunica Intima

<sec><title>OBJECTIVE:</title><p> to evaluate whether systemic administration of cilostazol reduces neointimal hyperplasia in iliac arteries of pigs submitted to balloon catheter angioplasty.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS:</title><p> twenty pigs underwent angioplasty with a 6x40 mm balloon catheter in the right common iliac artery, guided by Doppler ultrasound. The animals were randomized into two groups: group 1 (n=10), which received 50mg cilostazol twice a day, and group 2 (n=10), control. After 30 days, the animals were killed and the iliac arteries prepared for histological analysis. The histological sections were digitized and analyzed by digital morphometry. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t and Mann-Whitney tests.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS:</title><p> when comparing the iliac arteries submitted to angioplasty with those not subjected to angioplasty, there was significant neointimal hyperplasia (0.228 versus 0.119 mm<sup>2</sup>; p=0.0001). In arteries undergoing angioplasty, there was no difference between group 1 (cilostazol) and group 2 (control) as for the lumen area (2.277 versus 2.575 mm<sup>2</sup>; p=0.08), the tunica intima (0.219 versus 0.237 mm<sup>2</sup>; p=0.64), the tunica media (2.262 vs. 2.393 mm<sup>2</sup>; p=0.53) and the neointimal occlusion percentage (8.857 vs. 9.257 %; p=0.82).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION:</title><p> the use of cilostazol 50mg administered in two daily doses did not reduce neointimal hyperplasia in iliac arteries of pigs submitted to balloon angioplasty catheter.</p></sec>

scholarly journals A tissue-engineered urinary conduit in a porcine urinary diversion model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Jundziłł ◽  
Piotr Kwieciński ◽  
Daria Balcerczyk ◽  
Tomasz Kloskowski ◽  
Dariusz Grzanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Urinary Diversion ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe use of an ileal segment is a standard method for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. Unfortunately, utilization of this method can lead to numerous surgical and metabolic complications. This study aimed to assess the tissue-engineered artificial conduit for urinary diversion in a porcine model. Tissue-engineered tubular polypropylene mesh scaffolds were used for the right ureter incontinent urostomy model. Eighteen male pigs were divided into three equal groups: Group 1 (control ureterocutaneostomy), Group 2 (the right ureter-artificial conduit-skin anastomoses), and Group 3 (4 weeks before urostomy reconstruction, the artificial conduit was implanted between abdomen muscles). Follow-up was 6 months. Computed tomography, ultrasound examination, and pyelogram were used to confirm the patency of created diversions. Morphological and histological analyses were used to evaluate the tissue-engineered urinary diversion. All animals survived the experimental procedures and follow-up. The longest average patency was observed in the 3rd Group (15.8 weeks) compared to the 2nd Group (10 weeks) and the 1st Group (5.8 weeks). The implant’s remnants created a retroperitoneal post-inflammation tunnel confirmed by computed tomography and histological evaluation, which constitutes urostomy. The simultaneous urinary diversion using a tissue-engineered scaffold connected directly with the skin is inappropriate for clinical application.

scholarly journals Neointimal hyperplasia regression using combined paclitaxel- mediated confocal dual pulse shock wave sonoporation therapy and catheter- based 90Y- mediated brachytherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
H Mehrad
Keyword(s):  
Shock Wave ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Cavitation Effect ◽  
Muscle Hyperplasia ◽  
Smooth Muscle Hyperplasia ◽  
Tunica Intima

Abstract Background and aims Intimal hyperplasia refers to proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells primarily in the tunica intima, resulting in arterial wall thickening and decreased arterial lumen size. Neointimal hyperplasia is the major cause of restenosis after percutaneous carotid interventions such as stenting or angioplasty. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of combined shock wave enhanced sonoporation therapy and catheter-based 90Y-mediated β-brachytherapy on neointimal hyperplasia regression in an animal model, wherein diagnostic B-mode ultrasound is combined with therapy system, with a goal of increased safety. Methods Endothelial balloon catheter denudation of the abdominal aorta of golden Syrian hamsters was performed. Histopathologic evaluation confirmed neointimal hyperplasia formation in all of the hamsters' arteries. The treatment group underwent intravenous lipid-based encapsulated paclitaxel nanoparticles (10mg/kg)-mediated extracorporeal confocal dual pulse low-level focused electrohydraulic shock wave (V=15 kV, F=2 Hz, Impulses = 50 and V=10 kV, F=0.2 Hz, Impulses = 150) enhanced sonoporation therapy accompanied by catheter-based 90Y-mediated β-brachytherapy (90Y, 15 Gy), guided by simultaneous B-mode ultrasound imaging. Results B-mode ultrasound guided combined shock wave enhanced sonoporation therapy and β-brachytherapy was feasible and appeared safe for the targeting of stenosis in the aorta artery. Furthermore, pathological results showed a significant reduction in the mean value for smooth muscle hyperplasia cells density, lumen wall thickness and percentage of luminal cross- sectional area of stenosis in the treatment group compared with the other groups (p&lt;0.05). Conclusions Enhanced toxicity effect of paclitaxel, induced by enhanced sonoporation effect of shock wave therapy, due to inertial cavitation effect of collapsed capsules and dual pulse system application accompanied by apoptotic effect of brachytherapy, can cause to neointimal hyperplasia regression. Combined shock wave enhanced sonoporation therapy and β-brachytherapy is significantly associated with reduced aorta artery stenosis in hamsters. The mechanism may relate to reduced smooth muscle hyperplasia cells and inflammation in the tunica intima. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Mehrad Research Lab

scholarly journals A novel approach to off-clamp partial nephrectomy demonstrates significant improvements in renal injury in an experimental porcine model

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. E390-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Olvera-Posada ◽  
Shouzhe Lin ◽  
Ghaleb Aboalsamh ◽  
Aaron Haig ◽  
Ian Lobb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Nephrectomy ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Tissue Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Apoptotic Markers ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: We sought to design a partial nephrectomy (PN) with contralateral total nephrectomy porcine model and assess the underlying mechanisms of ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) after PN using a novel, clinically approved resection device.Methods: Domestic male pigs (n=9) underwent left lower pole PN, allocated to either standard (Group 1) or no ischemia PN (Group 2), followed by contralateral nephrectomy. Biochemical studies were performed at baseline, Day 2, and Day 7; after sacrifice, kidneys were processed for histological analysis. Apoptotic markers were measured by Western blot analyses. Urinary biomarkers were measured to assess acute kidney injury.Results: At Day 2 following PN, there was a significant rise in serum creatinine in Group 1 compared to Group 2 (355 vs. 136 mmol/L; p=0.008). Intra-renal tissue oxygen saturation after PN was inversely correlated with postoperative creatinine (rs -0.75; p=0.012) and the grade of acute tubular necrosis (rs -0.70; p=0.036). We observed a rise in expression of pro-apoptotic markers and pro-inflammatory markers in Group 1 following PN compared to Group 2. Histological analysis revealed higher grade of apoptosis in Group 1.Conclusions: IRI associated with standard PN has a deleterious impact on acute renal function, markers of tissue injury, and histological parameters, compared to off-clamp PN using the ALTRUS device. We identified several intraoperative and postoperative markers that may be used as predictors for functional and histological injury following PN.

Systemic to Pulmonary Collaterals in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: Incidence, Clinical Significance, and Hemodynamic Features

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Hayek ◽  
Rowena Cayabyab ◽  
Ima Thompson ◽  
Mahmood Ebrahimi ◽  
Bijan Siassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective To determine the incidence of systemic to pulmonary collaterals (SPCs) in extremely low birth weight infants and to assess its clinical and hemodynamic significance beyond the neonatal period. Study Design Retrospective cohort study was conducted on 61 infants with echocardiogram performed at the time of discharge to determine the presence of SPC and to measure the right and left ventricular outputs and left atrium to aortic ratio. We compared two groups: small or no SPC (Group 1) to moderate or large SPC (Group 2) on demographics, clinical outcomes, and echocardiographic parameters. Results Sixty-one infants were included. The incidence of SPC was 57%; 21% of infants had moderate or large shunts and 31% had small SPC. Demographics, clinical outcomes, and echocardiographic parameters were not significantly different between small or no SPC and moderate to large SPC. Conclusion More than half of the infants had SPC. The size of the shunt did not affect the clinical outcomes nor the echocardiographic parameters measured. All infants had cardiac output above the normative mean.

Molecular markers relating to malignant progression in Grade II astrocytoma

2009 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Ying Yue ◽  
Su-Huan Yu ◽  
Shi-Guang Zhao ◽  
Zhong-Ping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Malignant Progression ◽  
Labeling Index ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Recurrent Tumors ◽  
Grade Ii ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Object Astrocytoma may progress rapidly or remain stable for many years. To clarify whether molecular characteristics could be prognostic factors, several cell cycling–associated molecular alterations in the diffuse astrocytoma have been investigated. Methods Thirty-three patients in whom WHO Grade II astrocytoma had been initially diagnosed were assigned to 1 of 3 groups. Group 1 consisted of 10 patients with malignant progression; the tumor had recurred within 5 years and histological analysis had confirmed that the tumor progressed to Grade III or IV. Group 2 consisted of 10 patients in whom there was no malignant progression; the tumor recurred within 5 years, but histological analysis confirmed that the tumor remained at Grade II. Group 3 consisted of 13 patients who did not experience recurrence within 5 years. Expression of Ki 67, TP53, p27, and p21 was examined using immunohistochemical analysis for the tumor samples obtained during the first and second (in recurrent cases) surgeries. Exons 5, 7, and 8 of TP53 were scanned by DNA sequencing. Results The Ki 67 labeling index expression was significantly higher in Group 1 (even though it was similar between initial and recurrent tumors) than that of Group 3 (p < 0.05). However, there was no difference between Group 2 (both initial and recurrent tumors) and Group 3. The TP53 protein accumulation was also higher in Group 1 than in Group 2 or 3 (p < 0.05); a difference in TP53 expression was not found between Groups 2 and 3. The p27 and p21 was expressed in all cases, but no predictive values were found. The p53 mutation was found only in 6 cases in Group 1. Conclusions Overexpression of TP53, TP53 mutation, and Ki 67 labeling index could be molecular markers in astrocytomas predicting malignant progression.

Independent Processing of the Temporal and Ordinal Structure of Movement Sequences

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 3725-3735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Ullén ◽  
Sara L. Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Implicit Learning ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Fast Learning ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Temporal Sequences ◽  
Group 1

We investigated if the temporal and ordinal structures of sequences can be represented and learned independently. In Experiment 1, subjects learned three rhythmic sequences of key presses with the right index finger: Combined consisted of nine key presses with a corresponding temporal structure of eight intervals; Temporal had the temporal structure of Combined but was performed on one key; Ordinal had the ordinal structure of Combined but an isochronous rhythm. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 first learned Combined, then Temporal and Ordinal; Group 2 first learned Temporal and Ordinal, then Combined. Strong transfer effects were seen in both groups. In Group 1, having learned combined facilitated the learning of the temporal ( Temporal) or ordinal ( Ordinal) sequence alone; in Group 2, having learned Temporal and Ordinal facilitated the learning of Combined, where the two are combined. This supports that subjects had formed independent temporal and ordinal representations. In Experiment 2, we investigated if these can be learned independently. Subjects repeatedly reproduced sequences with fixed temporal and random ordinal structure; random temporal and fixed ordinal structure; and random temporal and ordinal structures. Temporal and ordinal learning was seen only in the first and second sequences, respectively. In summary, we provide evidence for the existence of independent systems for learning and representation of ordinal and temporal sequences and for implicit learning of temporal sequences. This may be important for fast learning and flexibility in motor control.

Intra‐arterial magnetic resonance angiography of the iliac arteries: clinical experience using two different protocols

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Paetzel ◽  
N. Zorger ◽  
M. Völk ◽  
T. Herold ◽  
J. Seitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Angiography ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Conventional Angiography ◽  
Iliac Arteries ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Space Acquisition ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: To assess the feasibility of intra‐arterial magnetic resonance angiography (iaMRA) with two different protocols. Material and Methods: Twenty patients were prospectively examined after digital subtraction angiography. Contrast‐enhanced iaMRA was performed using a 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. Contrast agent (gadodiamide) was injected through a conventional angiography catheter placed in the abdominal aorta. The patients were randomized into two groups each comprising 10 patients. Group 1 was examined with a FLASH‐3D (fast low‐angle shot) sequence, allowing the center of the k‐space to be acquired 0.5 s after initiation of the measurement. Group 2 was examined with the identical sequence, but the center of the k‐space was acquired after 8.7 s. The increase in the intravascular signal intensity was determined and the diagnostic value of the angiograms was independently scored by 4 investigators using a 5‐point scale. Results: Nineteen of 20 MRAs were scored as diagnostic; only 1 was scored as non‐diagnostic by 2 observers. The diagnostic value of the angiograms of group 2 was judged superior to that of group 1 owing to a more homogeneous intravascular contrast distribution. Conclusion: Intra‐arterial MRA is feasible. The diagnostic value of angiograms using a flash sequence with center of the k‐space acquisition after 8.7 s ranged from good to excellent. This sequence is appropriate for iaMRA of iliac arteries to support MR guided intervention.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide in canine hearts: effect of total cardiac denervation

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. H598-H602 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Anderson ◽  
J. R. Wynn ◽  
J. Kimball ◽  
G. R. Hanson ◽  
E. Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Canine Heart ◽  
Cardiac Denervation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

The effect of total cardiac denervation on the distribution of cardiac immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal peptide (IR-VIP) was determined in four groups of dogs. Denervated dogs killed at either 7 days (group 1) or 30 days (group 3) were compared with sham-operated dogs killed at either 7 days (group 2) or 30 days (group 4). The highest concentrations of IR-VIP were found in the left atrium and proximal left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries and were not affected by denervation. Concentrations of IR-VIP in the left ventricle were barely detectable. Only right ventricular IR-VIP concentrations were significantly lower in denervated compared with sham-operated dogs in both groups. Thus these data provide evidence of intrinsic VIP innervation of the atria and epicardial coronary arteries and localized extrinsic VIP innervation of the right ventricle of the canine heart.

scholarly journals Neural mechanisms of coarse-to-fine discrimination in the visual cortex

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2822-2833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopathy Purushothaman ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Dmitry Yampolsky ◽  
Vivien A. Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neuronal Groups ◽  
Coarse To Fine ◽  
Group 1

Vision is a dynamic process that refines the spatial scale of analysis over time, as evidenced by a progressive improvement in the ability to detect and discriminate finer details. To understand coarse-to-fine discrimination, we studied the dynamics of spatial frequency (SF) response using reverse correlation in the primary visual cortex (V1) of the primate. In a majority of V1 cells studied, preferred SF either increased monotonically with time ( group 1) or changed nonmonotonically, with an initial increase followed by a decrease ( group 2). Monotonic shift in preferred SF occurred with or without an early suppression at low SFs. Late suppression at high SFs always accompanied nonmonotonic SF dynamics. Bayesian analysis showed that SF discrimination performance and best discriminable SF frequencies changed with time in different ways in the two groups of neurons. In group 1 neurons, SF discrimination performance peaked on both left and right flanks of the SF tuning curve at about the same time. In group 2 neurons, peak discrimination occurred on the right flank (high SFs) later than on the left flank (low SFs). Group 2 neurons were also better discriminators of high SFs. We examined the relationship between the time at which SF discrimination performance peaked on either flank of the SF tuning curve and the corresponding best discriminable SFs in both neuronal groups. This analysis showed that the population best discriminable SF increased with time in V1. These results suggest neural mechanisms for coarse-to-fine discrimination behavior and that this process originates in V1 or earlier.

Natural History of the Iliac Arteries after Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair and Suitability of Ectatic Iliac Arteries as a Distal Sealing Zone

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 619-624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juergen Falkensammer ◽  
Albert G. Hakaim ◽  
W. Andrew Oldenburg ◽  
Beate Neuhauser ◽  
Ricardo Paz-Fumagalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Pulsatile Blood Flow ◽  
Iliac Arteries ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Aortic Aneurysm Repair ◽  
Group 1

Purpose: To investigate the natural history of dilated common iliac arteries (CIA) exposed to pulsatile blood flow after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) and the suitability of ectatic iliac arteries as sealing zones using flared iliac limbs. Methods: Follow-up computed tomograms of 102 CIAs in 60 EVAR patients were investigated. Diameter changes in CIAs ≤16 mm (group 1) were compared with changes in vessels where a dilated segment >16 mm in diameter continued to be exposed to pulsatile blood flow (group 2). Within group 2, cases in which the stent terminated proximal to the dilated artery segment (2a) were compared with those that had been treated with a flared limb (2b). Results: The mean CIA diameter increased by 1.0±1.0 mm in group 1 (p<0.001 versus immediately after EVAR) and by 1.5±1.7 mm in group 2 (p<0.001 versus immediately after EVAR) within an average follow-up of 43.6±18.0 months. Diameter increase was more pronounced in dilated CIAs (p=0.048), and it was not significantly different between groups 2a and 2b (p=0.188). No late distal type I endoleak or stent-graft migration associated with CIA ectasia was observed. Conclusion: Dilatation of the CIA is significant after EVAR, and it is more pronounced in ectatic iliac arteries. Although ectatic iliac arteries appear to be suitable sealing zones in the short term, continued follow-up is mandatory.

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