scholarly journals Dogs poisoned with Nerium oleander fresh leaves: clinical and electrocardiographic findings

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annelise Carla Camplesi ◽  
Carolina Bellodi ◽  
José Javier Mesa Socha ◽  
Mário Roberto Hatayde ◽  
Márcia Ferreira da Rosa Sobreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Ventricular Premature Complexes ◽  
Electrocardiographic Findings ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Clinical Changes

ABSTRACT: Nerium oleander is distributed worldwide, mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. These shrubs are frequently used as ornamental plants. However, they contain more than 30 cardiac glycosides that can cause serious toxic effects in dogs. The objective of this study was to report the clinical and electrocardiographic alterations in dogs experimentally poisoned with N. oleander. Ten adult, healthy, mixed-breed dogs weighing 10-25kg and aged 3-6 years were selected for the study. We orally administered 0.25g kg-1 of fresh ground leaves of N. oleander to the dogs. No dog died after the ingestion, but all exhibited signs of poisoning such as vomiting, sialorrhea, nausea, apathy, conjunctiva congestion, dehydration, abdominal pain, tremors, diarrhea, loss of appetite, and tenesmus. Electrocardiogram revealed occurrence of several types of arrhythmias: sinus bradycardia, second-degree atrioventricular block, paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular premature complexes. Systolic blood pressure, as well as heart rate, decreased in the first 24 hours. The present study concluded that a single dose of 0.25g kg-1 of N. oleander green leaves is sufficient to cause a moderate intoxication in dogs, with nonspecific clinical changes mainly related to the digestive system and heart rate, thus demonstrating the importance of this type of intoxication in the list of differential diagnoses of small animals routine.

scholarly journals Physiological ECG Value for Polish Half-Bred Anglo-Arab Horses

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
P Wave ◽  
P Waves ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Duration Time ◽  
Qt Intervals ◽  
Electrocardiographic Examination ◽  
Electrocardiographic Findings ◽  
Almost All ◽  
T Waves

Abstract The electrocardiographic examination was performed in 33 training horses (2-16 years of age, 11 males and 22 females). Einthoven and precordial leads (I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF, CV1, CV2, CV4) were used. The ECG was performed in resting horses and immediately after exercise (10 min walk, 15 min trot, 10 min canter) using a portable Schiller AT-1 3-channel electrocardiograph, with a paper speed of 25 mm sec-1 and a sensitivity of 10 mm.mV-1. The heart rate, wave amplitudes, and duration time were estimated manually. All horses presented a significant increase in heart rate after exercise (rest 43.83 ±10.33 vs. exercise 73.2 ±14.8). QT intervals were significantly shortened in most of the leads. In resting horses, all P waves in the lead I were positive and almost all II, III and CV4 leads were positive. Simple negative P wave dominated in aVR and only simple negative T wave was found in the leads I. The biphasic shape was observed. After exercise, the amplitude of P and T waves rose, however, clear changes were not observed in wave polarisation and form. In the absence of specific racial characteristics of the electrocardiogram in the Polish Anglo- Arabians, electrocardiographic findings can be interpreted according to ECG standards adopted for horses.

Heart activity during experimental diving of snakes

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
Heart Activity ◽  
Depressant Effect ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Electrocardiographic Findings

Diving bradycardia has been demonstrated in snakes, ( Tropidonotus natrix). The bradycardia was developed rapidly and amounted to a reduction in heart rate of about 85%. The electrocardiographic findings revealed the slowing of the heart rate as effected mainly through a prolongation of the diastole, amounting to 30 times the prediving value. Duration of the electrical systole showed a prolongation of the P-R interval by 15% and the Q-T interval by 130%. A rapid and pronounced shift in the T-wave amplitude occurred upon submersion. The results suggest that the described T-wave shifts are due to changes in concentration of CO2 in the organism. Increased concentrations of CO2 in the respiratory air induced bradycardia and had a depressant effect on respiration.

ECG SIGNAL GENERATION AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY SIGNAL EXTRACTION: SIGNAL PROCESSING, FEATURES DETECTION, AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH CARDIAC DISEASES

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1240012 ◽  
Author(s):  
GOUTHAM SWAPNA ◽  
DHANJOO N. GHISTA ◽  
ROSHAN JOY MARTIS ◽  
ALVIN P. C. ANG ◽  
SUBBHURAAM VINITHA SREE
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contraction ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
T Wave ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Cardiac Disorders

The sum total of millions of cardiac cell depolarization potentials can be represented by an electrocardiogram (ECG). Inspection of the P–QRS–T wave allows for the identification of the cardiac bioelectrical health and disorders of a subject. In order to extract the important features of the ECG signal, the detection of the P wave, QRS complex, and ST segment is essential. Therefore, abnormalities of these ECG parameters are associated with cardiac disorders. In this work, an introduction to the genesis of the ECG is given, followed by a depiction of some abnormal ECG patterns and rhythms (associated with P–QRS–T wave parameters), which have come to be empirically correlated with cardiac disorders (such as sinus bradycardia, premature ventricular contraction, bundle-branch block, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation). We employed algorithms for ECG pattern analysis, for the accurate detection of the P wave, QRS complex, and ST segment of the ECG signal. We then catagorited and tabulated these cardiac disorders in terms of heart rate, PR interval, QRS width, and P wave amplitude. Finally, we discussed the characteristics and different methods (and their measures) of analyting the heart rate variability (HRV) signal, derived from the ECG waveform. The HRV signals are characterised in terms of these measures, then fed into classifiers for grouping into categories (for normal subjects and for disorders such as cardiac disorders and diabetes) for carrying out diagnosis.

Electrophysiological effects of ouabain in 6-hydroxydopamine pretreated dogs

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane Godin ◽  
Claude Guimond ◽  
Réginald Nadeau
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Cardiac Pacing ◽  
Refractory Periods ◽  
Ventricular Extrasystoles ◽  
Additional Group ◽  
Sinus Cycle Length ◽  
Bilateral Vagotomy ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Chemical sympathectomy and bilateral vagotomy were used to evaluate the contribution of each division of the autonomic nervous system in the electrophysiological actions of ouabain. Intact and chemically sympathectomized dogs were given successive and cumulative doses of ouabain until toxicity became manifest (ventricular extrasystoles and (or) ventricular tachycardia). An additional group of normal and sympathectomized animals was also submitted to bilateral vagotomy in the presence of a therapeutic dose of ouabain. Sinus cycle length, AH interval of the His bundle electrogram, atrioventricular junctional effective and functional refractory periods were increased by ouabain at therapeutic doses. These effects were no different in sympathectomized dogs than in intact dogs, indicating the absence of any significant contribution of efferent sympathetic neural activity. However, our results suggested that vagal enhancement was the main mechanism whereby ouabain produced sinus bradycardia and depression of atrioventricular conduction. Sympathectomy with 6-OHDA did not modify nor abolish ouabain toxicity. However, toxic doses were significantly higher in sympathectomized animals than in normal animals. Considering that increasing heart rate by cardiac pacing or vagotomy significantly lowered toxic doses of ouabain in both intact and sympathectomized dogs, it is possible that sympathectomy could influence ouabain toxicity by altering heart rate alone.

Heart rate and rhythm and intracranial pressure

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (6) ◽  
pp. 1695-1700 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Krasney ◽  
RC Koehler
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Intracranial Pressure ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Autonomic Nerves ◽  
Balloon Inflation ◽  
Cardiac Dysrhythmias ◽  
Cardiac Slowing ◽  
Intracranial Lesions ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs

Cardiac slowing during elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) could be due to direct activation of central nervous system (CNS) centers or it may be secondary to baroreceptor reflexes activated by the associated pressor response. In five pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs when ICP was raised to 50 mmHg the heart rate decreased 34.4 beats/min (+/-4.8 SE). This cardiac slowing occurred when ICP was elevated after sinoaortic denervation (-24 +/- 4.43 beats/min) and also during elevated ICP when changes in arterial pressure were prevented (-32.3 +/- 4.25 beats/min). These results indicate that the cardiac slowing is largely of CNS origin. In dogs given morphine with pentobarbital to achieve slower heart rates, raising ICP to 50 mmHg by left-sided intracranial balloon inflation led to cardiac dysrhythmias in 9 of 12 dogs. By contrast, raising ICP to 50 mmHg by right-sided intracranial balloon inflation only produced progressive sinus bradycardia. These responses were related to a combined enhancement of vagal and sympathetic activity. Differences observed between right- and left-sides balloon inflation may be partly related to asymmetrical engagement of the cardiac autonomic nerves. The results suggest that left-sided intracranial lesions are more likely to produce cardiac dysrhythmias.

Identifying Electrocardiogram Pattern Changes and Their Association with Echocardiography among Malaysian Footballers Attending PreParticipation Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Farnaza Ariffin ◽  
Rizmy Najme Khir ◽  
Mohamed Syarif Mohamed Yassin ◽  
Noorhida Baharudin ◽  
Ilham Ameera Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Ecg Changes ◽  
International Consensus ◽  
Ecg Interpretation

Introduction: Sudden cardiac death is the most common medical cause of death in athletes. The aim of this study was to identify the electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern changes and its association with echocardiography among Malaysian footballers during a pre-participation evaluation (PPE). Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on footballers attending a PPE at a primary care centre. Secondary data collection was conducted and the proforma included clinical history, physical examination, ECG, Echocardiogram and cardiovascular riskfactors assessment such as heart rate, blood pressure, lipid profile, fasting blood sugar and creatinine. Data were extracted from the medical records, echocardiogram report and the original ECG. The ECG patterns were analysed according to the International consensus for ECG interpretation in athletes to determine physiological versus pathological changes. The data was analysed using SPSS v24. Results: This study included 85 male Malaysian footballers with a mean age of 20.1 ± 3.0 years. The mean resting heart rate was 55.2 ± 9.3beats per minute. Abnormal ECG changes were found in 20% of the participants, which were higher compared to that reported in other studies (14% – 17.3%). The normal ECG findings in athletes were sinus bradycardia (76.5%), J-point elevation (68.2%), prolonged PR interval (3.5%) and incomplete right bundle branch block (4.7%). The abnormal ECG changes were multiple T wave inversions (5.9%), hypertrophy (2.4%), and deep Q-waves (8.2%). Four abnormal ECGs were consistent with abnormal echocardiography findings and out of these,two ECGs with hypertrophic changes were consistent with mild inter atrial septal bulging and apical hypertrophy. Conclusions: Malaysian footballers have ECG changes that are consistent with physiological changes in athlete’s heart. The positive association between ECG and Echocardiogram findings are useful in confirming pathological ECG changes. Physicians should be trained in PPE protocol and ECG interpretation in athletes in order to improve identification of those at risk of sudden cardiac death. 

825 Central Sleep Apnea and Sinus Bradycardia

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A322-A322
Author(s):  
Jared Colvert ◽  
Glen Greenough
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Central Sleep Apnea ◽  
Respiratory Drive ◽  
Central Apnea ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Significant Past Medical History ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Central Apneas

Abstract Introduction Central sleep apnea (CSA) is characterized by a lack of respiratory drive during sleep resulting in repetitive periods of apneas. There are multiple manifestations of CSA as defined by the ICSD3. CSA with Cheyne-Stokes Breathing (CSB) is characterized by a series of crescendo-decrescendo pattern of ventilation followed by central apnea and is often associated with heart failure. Bradyarrythmias have been associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), but an association with central sleep apnea is less clear. Report of case(s) A 76 y/o male with no significant past medical history but with multiple instances of sinus bradycardia on previous EKGs, was referred to sleep medicine for evaluation of snoring, witnessed apneas, and daytime sleepiness. He had no history of CVA, CHF, atrial fibrillation, renal disease, or opioid use. PSG was completed for suspected OSA, and revealed moderate CSA (AHI 10.9 using hypopnea type 1B criteria, CAI 6.1). Central apneas at the latter portion of the study were consistent with a CSA-CSB. Awake heart rate at time of study was 44 bpm. During sleep, his heart rate ranged from 39–89 with a mean of 57 bpm. Due to this unexpected central apnea finding, cardiac evaluation was recommended and echocardiogram revealed a LVEF of 51%, a dilated left atrium, normal left ventricle chamber size, no wall motion abnormalities, and an inability to assess left sided filling pressures. EKG was consistent with sinus bradycardia without AV blocks. Holter monitor revealed sinus rhythm with moderate burden of ectopy. He underwent CPAP titration which revealed an effective CPAP pressure to control obstructive events, but central apneas persisted without CSB pattern. Conclusion In this patient, CSA/CSA-CSB was found in the absence of known risk factors for CSA. Although potentially an early sign of HFpEF related to his longstanding sinus bradycardia, this case raises the question as to whether sinus bradycardia in isolation could decrease cardiac output enough to destabilize ventilation and promote this finding of CSA/CSA-CSB. Support (if any):

Oleander Aphid, Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae)

EDIS ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 2004 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather J. McAuslane
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Extension ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Cooperative Extension Service ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Extension Service ◽  
University Of Florida ◽  
Aphis Nerii ◽  
Asclepias Curassavica ◽  
Bright Yellow ◽  
Agricultural Sciences

The oleander aphid, Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe, sometimes called the milkweed aphid, is a common pest of several important ornamental plants in the families Apocynaceae and Asclepiadaceae. This bright yellow aphid with black appendages is commonly found in Florida feeding on oleander, Nerium oleander, milkweeds, such as butterfly weed, Asclepias tuberosa, and scarlet milkweed, Asclepias curassavica, and wax plant, Hoya carnosa. This document is EENY-247, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: November, 2001.  EENY247/IN520: Oleander Aphid, Aphis nerii Boyer de Fonscolombe (Insecta: Hemiptera: Aphididae) (ufl.edu)

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