scholarly journals Physiological ECG Value for Polish Half-Bred Anglo-Arab Horses

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 631-635 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
P Wave ◽  
P Waves ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Duration Time ◽  
Qt Intervals ◽  
Electrocardiographic Examination ◽  
Electrocardiographic Findings ◽  
Almost All ◽  
T Waves

Abstract The electrocardiographic examination was performed in 33 training horses (2-16 years of age, 11 males and 22 females). Einthoven and precordial leads (I, II, III, aVR, aVL, aVF, CV1, CV2, CV4) were used. The ECG was performed in resting horses and immediately after exercise (10 min walk, 15 min trot, 10 min canter) using a portable Schiller AT-1 3-channel electrocardiograph, with a paper speed of 25 mm sec-1 and a sensitivity of 10 mm.mV-1. The heart rate, wave amplitudes, and duration time were estimated manually. All horses presented a significant increase in heart rate after exercise (rest 43.83 ±10.33 vs. exercise 73.2 ±14.8). QT intervals were significantly shortened in most of the leads. In resting horses, all P waves in the lead I were positive and almost all II, III and CV4 leads were positive. Simple negative P wave dominated in aVR and only simple negative T wave was found in the leads I. The biphasic shape was observed. After exercise, the amplitude of P and T waves rose, however, clear changes were not observed in wave polarisation and form. In the absence of specific racial characteristics of the electrocardiogram in the Polish Anglo- Arabians, electrocardiographic findings can be interpreted according to ECG standards adopted for horses.

scholarly journals Electrocardiographic parameters in captive, clinically healthy, Amazona ochrocephala

2015 ◽  
pp. 5037-5045
Author(s):  
Claudia Guerrero S ◽  
Janeth Bolivar B ◽  
Piero Vargas-Pinto ◽  
Pedro Vargas-Pinto ◽  
Claudia Brieva-Rico
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
P Wave ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Wave Duration ◽  
T Wave ◽  
P Wave Duration ◽  
Electrocardiographic Examination ◽  
Qrs Duration ◽  
Electrocardiographic Parameters

ABSTRACT Objective. To stablish the electrocardiographic parameters of individuals of the species Amazona ochrocephala, from the Unidad de Rescate y Rehabilitacion de Animales Silvestres at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Materials and methods. The electrocardiographic examination was performed under inhaled anesthesia with isoflurane. Leads I, II, III, aVL, aVR and aVF were measured. Results. Electrocardiographic parameters obtained in Lead II. P wave Duration: 0.015-0.044 s, P wave amplitude: 0.031 to 0.6 mv, R wave duration: 0.015-0.022 s, amplitude R: 0.034-0.038 mv, S wave Duration: 0.019- 0.042 s, amplitude S: 0.194-0.815 mv, T wave Duration: 0.025-0.064 s, T-wave amplitude: 0.010 to 0.5 mv, PQ Duration: 0.021-0.076 s, QRS Duration: 0.036-0.068 s, QT Duration: 0.070-0.015 s, RR Duration: 0.104-0.324 s, EEM: -111° to -80°, FC: 240-600 ppm. Conclusions. The results showed different values for amplitude and duration of the P, R and T waves in comparison to those obtained in other studies. However, they were similar for heart rate, MEA and duration of the PQ/R, QT and QRS segments.

scholarly journals Variability Inter-observer between Three Methods of Electrocardiographic (Conventional, Computerized and Computerized Printed) on Healthy Cats

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Yukari Hayasaki Porsani ◽  
Luiz Eduardo Duarte de Oliveira ◽  
Ruthnea Aparecida Lázaro Muzzi ◽  
Claudine Botelho De Abreu ◽  
Camila Santos Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Single Channel ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Similar Degree ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Computerized Method ◽  
St Segment ◽  
St Segments ◽  
T Waves

Background: Electrocardiography is an exam widely used in feline medicine. It consists of recording the electrical activity of the heart in waves representing myocardial depolarization and repolarization. Two electrocardiographic evaluation methods are employed in dogs and cats: computerized and conventional. However, possible differences in ECG results performed by the different methods have been reported. This paper aims to evaluate the observer's interference in the interpretation of the electrocardiographic exams and possible differences between the methods: conventional single channel, computerized screen and computerized printed of healthy cats.Materials, Methods & Results: Electrocardiographic tracings were obtained from 58 healthy cats, aged between 1 and 10 years-old, of both sexes, of the Persian and mixed breed and therefore interpreted by four observers with similar degree of experience. The examinations were performed in a sequential manner, the computerized method first, and then the conventional method. The animals were gently contained in the right lateral decubitus position. The tracings obtained by the conventional method were printed on thermally sensitive graph paper. The computerized method was performed in computer by means of specific software (TEB® ECGPC version 6.2), being the waves delimited by the observer. The tracings were also printed by means of a jet printer, and also interpreted. The morphology of P waves, QRS complexes and T waves were analyzed in the derivations: I, II, III, aVR, aVL and aVF. Heart rate, amplitude and duration of the P, QRS and T waves, PR, QT and heart rate (HR) intervals were calculated in derivation II. Mean electric axis was determined in leads I and III. Comparing the methods, there was a difference observed in the values of P and R waves, QRS complex, QT and PR intervals and T wave polarity. The interpretation of the evaluators presented statistical differences in the duration of the P wave, QRS, QT and HR. The three methods used presented differences during the mean of the interpretation of the evaluators.Discussion: Some factors such as the positioning of the animal and the use of chemical containment may influence the electrocardiographic tracings, as well as variations between electrocardiographic devices. In our study, the non-use of sedation and the use of the same equipment in all animals reduced the variability of the results. The interpretation of the computerized method printed and on the screen presented different results which can be explained by the reduced human visual capacity when compared to the computers. It is known that the interpretation of different tracings by the observers might influence the results of the examination. The evaluators of the present study evaluated the same tracings, but there was a difference in the interpretation of the observers. Regarding the methods, there was a difference between the three methods evaluated in relation to the ST segment. The computerized on-screen method demonstrated in its totality isoelectric ST segments that represent normal pattern for the species. The conventional and computerized printed methods presented results of elevation in ST segments that represent alterations in the diagnosis. There was a difference between the measurements performed by different observers, however this fact did not influence the results of the tests, since the parameters remained within the normality standards for species. It can be concluded that the variation between observers and among the three methods evaluated suggests that the ST segment interpretation is subtle and less influenced when performed in the computerized method.

scholarly journals A preliminary study on normal electrocardiographic parameters of ostriches (Struthio camelus)

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rezakhani ◽  
H. Komali ◽  
M.R. Mokhber-Dezfoul ◽  
M. Zarifi ◽  
M. Ghabi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Male ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Struthio Camelus ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Cardiac Dysrhythmias ◽  
Electrocardiographic Examination ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Electrocardiographic Parameters ◽  
T Waves

Electrocardiograms were taken from 100 normal healthy male and female ostriches which were 1 to 15 months old using a base apex lead. The heart rate of those less than 3 months old ranged from 107 to 250 beats per minute with a mean of 171.47+9.03 and that of ostriches of more than 3 months old ranged from 43 to 167 with a mean of 90.52+2.64 beats / minute. The P-waves were positive in all cases except in 1 ostrich which it was isoelectric. The ORS complexes were mainly negative and either monophasic (QS) or biphasic (rS or RS). The T-wave showed more variation than other waves. The durations of P, P-R, QRS, Q-T and T-waves of chicks and of those more than 3 months of age (4-15-month-old) were 0.04 + 0.00, 0.06+0.00; 0.14+0.04, 0.16+0.00; 0.04+0.00, 0.06+0.00; 0.18+0.00, 0.27+0.00 and 0.06+0.00, 0.09+0.01 s, respectively, and amplitudes of the main direction of P-, QRS and T- waves of 2 groups were 0.29 + 0.02, 0.26 + 0.01; 1.87 + 0.17, 2.21 + 0.08; and 0.34 + 0.06, 0.37 + 0.02 mV, respectively. Ten cases showed cardiac dysrhythmias of which 9 showed sinus arrhythmia and 1 showed premature atrial contractions (PAC). This study showed that the base apex lead can be a suitable monitoring lead for electrocardiographic examination of ostriches.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF BRADYCARDIA & TACHYCARDIA FROM ECG SIGNAL USING WAVELET TRANSFORM

2012 ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Ashwini V. Kulkarni ◽  
H. T. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Transform ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
P Waves ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Qrs Complex Detection ◽  
Complex Detection ◽  
T Waves

The Automatic ECG signal analysis by wavelet transform (WT) along with MATLAB using signal processing and wavelet toolboxes to ease the process to calculate the set on points, and set off points, and time intervals within QRS complexes, T waves and P waves. This process will allow the analyses on the characteristics of each QRS complexes, T waves and P waves. This can be done by using Wavelet filter Coefficients, for this procedure following steps are used for filtration:- R-R interval detection QRS Complex Detection T wave and P wave detection.

scholarly journals Electrocardiographic Aspects of Singleton Pregnancy and Neonatal Period in American Miniature Horse Breed

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Almeida Nogueira Da Gama ◽  
Gabriela Amorim Campos ◽  
Raphael Tortorelli Teixeira ◽  
Mirian Harumi Tsunemi ◽  
Bianca Paola Santarosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
P Wave ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Horse Breed ◽  
Singleton Pregnancy ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Qt Intervals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background: During pregnancy, cardiovascular adaptations occur in order to meet maternal demands and adequate support for fetal development, but they are still unclear in the equine species, especially in the American Miniature horse breed. The main hemodynamic changes that occur during pregnancy are increased heart rate, cardiac output, and blood volume. It is necessary to use the reference values for the miniature breeds, in addition to the age range and reproductive condition, so the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters in mares and also of age in newborns foals of American Miniature horse breed. Materials, Methods & Results: Ten American Miniature Horse mares, between 7 and 19 years old (12.14 ± 4.05 years), 116.85 ± 24.09 kg of body weight were used in the experiment. All these mares were pluriparous, with 5.9 ± 3.5 of births, minimum of 2, and maximum of 12 foaling times. They were maintained in common social group in an indoor house stable with straw bed, with access to an outdoor paddock for several h per day. Twice a day they were fed with hay. Mineral supplements and water were available ad libitum. The ECG were obtained in 10 pregnant mares and in 10 neonates. All females were examined at a representative time of each trimester of pregnancy, at 30, 210, 300 days before and 21 days after delivery. Neonates were examined on different times: first 24 h after delivery, weekly on the 7th, 14th, 21st, 28th and 35th days of age. The ECG parameters considered were the heart rate and rhythm, duration and intervals (P, PR, QRS, QT, T) and amplitude (P, R, S, T) of ECG waves. The mean of pregnancy duration was 319.4 ± 4.97 days. Heart Rate (HR) varied between 51 to 59 bpm during pregnancy and 56 bpm on the 21st day after delivery. Comparing the clinical parameters of pregnant mares, non-pregnant mares and foal a difference was found for HR, Respiration Rate (RR) and Temperature (P = 0.001). All ECG parameters of pregnant, non-pregnant and foal mares showed a significant difference (P = 0.0001), except for the amplitude of the P1, P2 and R waves, which was similar for the 3 groups. The mean values of HR and amplitude of the positive T wave were higher in foals when compared to pregnant and non-pregnant mares, which in turn did not differ from each other. The mean duration of the P wave, PR segment, QRS complex, QT segment and T wave were the same among mares and greater than in foals. Comparing pregnant and non-pregnant mares, there was a difference in only 3 parameters: duration of the QTc segment, amplitude of the S wave and negative T wave. The non-pregnant mares had a longer duration of the QTc segment and a greater amplitude of the negative T wave, while the foals had a greater amplitude of the S wave.Discussion: Although this study did not measure HR at delivery time, it is worth to consider the action of the parasympathetic autonomic nervous system close to delivery, which reduces the HR of mares. This is because at delivery, sympathetic-adrenal activation should be avoided since the increase in sympathetic tone can cause uterine atony via B2 receptors. For this reason, it has been shown that, during physiological birth, horses are under parasympathetic control, and stress response mechanisms are not activated. It was conclude that the morphometry of the waves, intervals and ECG complexes, during the evolution of the reproductive state, the electrocardiographic aspects were generally associated with heart rate (PR and QT intervals). As for neonates, there was a discrepancy among the most of ECG parameters when compared to the adult female, regardless of reproductive status, clarifying the importance of ECG patterns not only for the breed, but also for the age group.

scholarly journals Comparison of electrocardiographic parameters of racing and non-racing horses in Sokoto Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
B. Saidu ◽  
A.J. Ishaq ◽  
H.M. Ibrahim ◽  
A. Dahiru ◽  
A.M. Abdullahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standing Position ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Qt Intervals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Electrocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Electrical Activities ◽  
One Way Anova

The study was conducted due to the economic importance of horses and shortage of information on electrocardiographic parameters of horses in Sokoto, Nigeria. This study established the normal electrocardiographic parameters of racing and non-racing horses in Sokoto and statistically compared the values. The study used forty horses comprising of 20 racing and 20 non-racing horses with mean age of 8 ± 0.5 years and average weight of 200 ± 2.0 kg. ECG was recorded using the base apex system with the animals in standing position using single lead channel ECG recorder (EDAN VE-100 manufactured by Edan instruments China). The paper speed was set at 25mm/s while the sensitivity of the machine was adjusted to 10 mm/mV. The durations and amplitudes of P, R and T, the durations of Q and S and the durations of PR, QRS and QT intervals were all determined. These parameters were determined for the three standard limb leads (I, II and III) as well as the augmented limb leads (aVR, aVL and aVF). Descriptive statistics using SPSS version 16 was used to calculate the means and standard error of mean at 95 % confidence interval. One-way ANOVA was used to compare between the values of the racing and non-racing horses. The highest values of P amplitude, R amplitude, Q amplitude, QRS complex and P-R interval were recorded in racing horses, while highest T wave amplitude was recorded in non-racing horses. Highest duration of P wave, T wave and QRS was recorded in racing horses while highest duration of Q wave was recorded in non-racing horses. Significant difference was found in the T amplitude in racing horses in lead aVF. The mean heart rate for the racing and non-racing horses was 80.3 ± 8.4 and 63.1 ± 9.2 beats/minute respectively. Higher values recorded in racing horses indicates that exercise has influence on electrical activities in horses. Keywords: Electrocardiograph, Non-racing horses, Parameters, Racing horses, Sokoto

scholarly journals Clinical Evaluation of Xylazine-Butorphanol-Guaifenesin-Ketamine as Short-Term TIVA in Equines

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhanu Partap Singh Thakur ◽  
Sandeep Kumar Sharma ◽  
Arvind Sharma ◽  
Adarsh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Hepatic Toxicity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Intravenous Anaesthesia ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Constant Feature ◽  
Electrocardiographic Findings

Xylazine (1.1 mg/kg), butorphanol (0.02 mg/kg), guaifenesin 5% (20 mg/kg), and ketamine (2.2 mg/kg) combinations were able to induce short-term surgical anaesthesia for 23.33 ± 2.57 min in Spiti ponies with excellent to good muscle relaxation and analgesia. Urination and neighing was a constant feature during recovery period. Biphasic P wave, biphasic T wave, and depressed PR segment were common electrocardiographic findings. Biochemical attributes were within physiological limits except a significant increase in ALT values during anaesthesia. The values returned to normal during recovery ruling out any renal or hepatic toxicity. Occasionally, negative T wave, notched P wave, and sinus block were noticed. It is recommended that the anaesthetic combinations xylazine-butorphanol-guaifenesin-ketamine can be safely used for short-term total intravenous anaesthesia (TIVA) in equines under field conditions.

Heart activity during experimental diving of snakes

1959 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 604-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kjell Johansen
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Wave Amplitude ◽  
Heart Activity ◽  
Depressant Effect ◽  
T Wave ◽  
Electrocardiographic Findings

Diving bradycardia has been demonstrated in snakes, ( Tropidonotus natrix). The bradycardia was developed rapidly and amounted to a reduction in heart rate of about 85%. The electrocardiographic findings revealed the slowing of the heart rate as effected mainly through a prolongation of the diastole, amounting to 30 times the prediving value. Duration of the electrical systole showed a prolongation of the P-R interval by 15% and the Q-T interval by 130%. A rapid and pronounced shift in the T-wave amplitude occurred upon submersion. The results suggest that the described T-wave shifts are due to changes in concentration of CO2 in the organism. Increased concentrations of CO2 in the respiratory air induced bradycardia and had a depressant effect on respiration.

ECG SIGNAL GENERATION AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY SIGNAL EXTRACTION: SIGNAL PROCESSING, FEATURES DETECTION, AND THEIR CORRELATION WITH CARDIAC DISEASES

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (04) ◽  
pp. 1240012 ◽  
Author(s):  
GOUTHAM SWAPNA ◽  
DHANJOO N. GHISTA ◽  
ROSHAN JOY MARTIS ◽  
ALVIN P. C. ANG ◽  
SUBBHURAAM VINITHA SREE
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Sinus Bradycardia ◽  
Premature Ventricular Contraction ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Ecg Signal ◽  
Qrs Complex ◽  
T Wave ◽  
St Segment ◽  
Cardiac Disorders

The sum total of millions of cardiac cell depolarization potentials can be represented by an electrocardiogram (ECG). Inspection of the P–QRS–T wave allows for the identification of the cardiac bioelectrical health and disorders of a subject. In order to extract the important features of the ECG signal, the detection of the P wave, QRS complex, and ST segment is essential. Therefore, abnormalities of these ECG parameters are associated with cardiac disorders. In this work, an introduction to the genesis of the ECG is given, followed by a depiction of some abnormal ECG patterns and rhythms (associated with P–QRS–T wave parameters), which have come to be empirically correlated with cardiac disorders (such as sinus bradycardia, premature ventricular contraction, bundle-branch block, atrial flutter, and atrial fibrillation). We employed algorithms for ECG pattern analysis, for the accurate detection of the P wave, QRS complex, and ST segment of the ECG signal. We then catagorited and tabulated these cardiac disorders in terms of heart rate, PR interval, QRS width, and P wave amplitude. Finally, we discussed the characteristics and different methods (and their measures) of analyting the heart rate variability (HRV) signal, derived from the ECG waveform. The HRV signals are characterised in terms of these measures, then fed into classifiers for grouping into categories (for normal subjects and for disorders such as cardiac disorders and diabetes) for carrying out diagnosis.

Seismic T-Wave Observations at Dense Seismic Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 3444-3453
Author(s):  
Catherine D. de Groot-Hedlin
Keyword(s):  
Wave Propagation ◽  
West Coast ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Polarization Analysis ◽  
The West ◽  
P Waves ◽  
Transverse Waves ◽  
T Wave ◽  
T Waves

Abstract Seismic T waves, which result from transformation of hydroacoustic to seismic energy at coastlines, were investigated for two strong earthquakes. A 2014 Caribbean event generated seismic T waves that were detected at over 250 seismometers along the east coast of the U.S., primarily at seismic stations operated by the USArray Transportable Array. A 2006 Hawaiian event generated seismic T waves observed at over 100 seismometers along the west coast. Seismic T-wave propagation was treated as locally 2D where the incoming hydroacoustic wavefronts were nearly parallel to the coastlines. Along the east coast, seismic T-wave propagation velocities were consistent with surface waves and a polarization analysis indicated that they were transverse waves, supporting their interpretation as Love waves. They were observed at inland distances up to 1134 km from the east coast. Along the west coast, the propagation velocity was over 5  km/s and a polarization analysis confirmed that the seismic T waves propagated as seismic P waves. Differences between the modes of propagation along the east and west coasts are attributed to differences in the slope and thickness of the sediment coverage at the continental slopes where hydroacoustic to seismic conversion takes place.

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