scholarly journals Crotalaria species in succession to soybean for the management of Pratylenchus brachyurus

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thays Torquato Cruz ◽  
Guilherme Lafourcarde Asmus ◽  
Rodrigo Arroyo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Lesion Nematode

ABSTRACT: Soybean is the main agricultural crop in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It is primarily cultivated in a crop succession system, in wich soybean is grown in spring/summer, followed by corn or graminaceous pastures in autumn/winter as a second crop. Due to the intensive cultivation, new phytosanitary problems have arisen, among them the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, which besides causing damage to plant roots, can be important gateway for other soil pathogens. The recent occurrence of high nematode population densities has brought great concern due to the limited resistant soybean genotypes available. Besides, the use of nematicides only reduces nematodes populations temporarily. A viable alternative for the control of soil nematodes could be the use of Crotalaria spp. in succession or rotation with soybean. Crotalaria is immune or a bad host to the nematode, besides having high capacity of biological nitrogen fixation. Thus, the objective of the present research was to define the best way of insertion of this legume as a second crop in soybean production systems to reduce the population density of the root-lesion nematode. Two experiments were carried out: one in the field, in an infested area, and other in a greenhouse. In both experiments, the treatments were: 1) Zea mays, 2) Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés,, 3) Z. mays + Crotalaria spectabilis, 4) Z. mays + C. ochroleuca, 5) B. brizantha cv. Xaraés + C. spectabilis, 6) B. brizantha cv. Xaraés + C. ochroleuca, 7) C. spectabilis, and 8) C. ochroleuca. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by estimating the number of nematodes in the roots of autumn/winter crops, as well as in the roots of the soybean cultivated in the sequence. The cultivation of both Crotalaria species provided suppression of the nematode population. However, when intercropped with corn or Xaraés palisade grass, the suppressive effect of Crotalaria was supplanted by corn and Xaraés palisadegrass susceptibility to the root-lesion nematode.

Clonal selection in interspecific Vitis spp. hybrids resistant to the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus by REML/BLUP

Fruits ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. dos Santos ◽  
◽  
, A.P. Viana ◽  
V.M. Gomes ◽  
S. da C. Preisigke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Vitis Spp

THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE, PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS (COBB, 1917) FILIP. & STEK., 1941, IN STRAWBERRY IN THE NIAGARA PENINSULA AND NORFOLK COUNTY IN ONTARIO

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. & Stek., 1941, and Paratylenchus projectus Jenkins, 1956, were the predominant plant parasitic nematodes associated with strawberry in the Niagara Peninsula and Norfolk County in Ontario from 1956 to 1960. However, P. penetrans was the only nematode whose occurrence could be correlated with a specific type of root lesion and with stunting. The lesions it caused on the roots were elliptical and amber to dark brown. All strawberry varieties examined were infected with P. penetrans. Under controlled conditions large numbers of P. penetrans were required to produce stunting. The amount of growth was inversely proportional to the density of the initial nematode population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Prunus Rootstocks for Root-lesion Nematode Resistance

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduard Alcañiz ◽  
Jorge Pinochet ◽  
Carolina Fernández ◽  
Daniel Esmenjaud ◽  
Antonio Felipe
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Resistance ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Pratylenchus Vulnus ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Moderately Resistant

Fourteen Prunus rootstocks were evaluated against mixtures of several isolates of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus Allen and Jensen in three greenhouse experiments. Most of the tested rootstocks are new releases or materials in advanced stages of selection that also have incorporated root-knot nematode resistance. The plums Torinel (Prunusdomestica L.) and Redglow (P. salicina Lindl. P. munsoniana Wight and Hedrick cv. Jewel) showed a moderately resistant response; their final nematode population levels were lower or slightly higher than inoculation levels. Low nematode reproduction also was found in the peach–almond hybrid G N No 22 [P. persica (L.) Batsch P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] and the plum Bruce (P. salicina P. angustifolia Marsh.), and although these rootstocks did not perform as well as Torinel and Redglow, they also appear to be poor hosts for P. vulnus.

scholarly journals Interference of Meloidogyne javanica in the reproduction of Pratylenchus brachyurus in soybean cultivar BRS/MT pintado

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Lais Fernanda Fontana ◽  
Claudia Regina Dias Arieira ◽  
Vinicius Hicaro Frederico Abe ◽  
José Junior Severino ◽  
Jailson de Oliveira Arieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Mixed Populations

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., and the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, are the most common phytoparasites in soybean crop, which usually occur in association in crop areas. However, few studies were conducted on the interaction between these parasites. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the interference of the increase in M. javanica population in the reproduction of P. brachyurus, and the effect of mixed populations on soybean (cultivar BRS/MT Pintado) development. The experiment consisted in inoculating a population of 1000 specimens of P. brachyurus per plant and changing the inoculum level of M. javanica, using zero, 1000, 2000 and 4000 eggs, in two different periods. After 65 days of inoculation, the increase in the initial population of M. javanica reduced by 79 and 73% the final population of P. brachyurus in the different experiments. However, both species significantly increased their populations. When subjected to the same inoculum level, M. javanica was more efficient in reproducing than P. brachyurus. The increase in the number of nematodes reduced the vegetative growth of the plant.

scholarly journals Analysis of Asian Rice (Oryza sativa) Genotypes Reveals a New Source of Resistance to the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne javanica and the Root-Lesion Nematode Pratylenchus zeae

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 1572-1577
Author(s):  
Zobaida Lahari ◽  
Radisras Nkurunziza ◽  
Lander Bauters ◽  
Godelieve Gheysen
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Asian Rice ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

The sedentary root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., and the migratory root-lesion nematodes, Pratylenchus spp., cause significant yield losses, particularly in aerobic and upland rice production systems. Recently, the Asian rice Oryza sativa accessions LD 24 and Khao Pahk Maw (KPM) were shown to be highly resistant to M. graminicola. In this study, we have analyzed the responses and broadness of resistance of these two rice genotypes to another root-knot nematode M. javanica and a root-lesion nematode P. zeae. The penetration as well as post-penetration development and reproduction of nematodes were compared including known susceptible and resistant genotypes. Our results indicate that the genotype KPM confers strong resistance to both M. javanica and P. zeae, while LD 24 was resistant to M. javanica and susceptible to P. zeae. Detailed observations revealed that similar numbers of M. javanica or P. zeae penetrated the resistant and susceptible hosts during early infection stages. However, the development and reproduction of both nematodes were arrested or reduced in resistant genotypes, implying that resistance occurs at the post-penetration stage.

THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE, PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS (COBB, 1917) FILIP. & STEK. 1941, IN CELERY

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Orange Color

Pratylenchus penetrans, Meloidogyne hapla, and Paratylenchus hamatus were the predominant nematode species associated with the roots of celery in the Burlington area of Ontario. Pratylenchus penetrans was found associated with irregular areas of stunted celery and because of the orange color of the roots the growers called the condition "rusty" root. In growth room studies relatively large numbers of P. penetrans were required to produce stunting. The amount of growth was inversely proportional to the size of the initial nematode population. Pratylenchus penetrans can overwinter in celery root debris. Tomato, cabbage, lettuce, cauliflower, potato, and eggplant were also found to be hosts of P. penetrans.

scholarly journals Host suitability of grain sorghum and sudangrass for Pratylenchus brachyurus

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Hugo Moura de Souza ◽  
Mário Massayuki Inomoto
Keyword(s):  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

ABSTRACT: Nowadays, the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey) is a major pest of soybean in Brazil, mainly in areas using double cropping with maize or cotton, which are suitable hosts for P. brachyurus. A great effort has been made to find cash crops for P. brachyurus management. Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] was classified as a non-host for P. brachyurus but based on a single trial. It would be a valuable option as a culture for double cropping with soybean, as it is profitable and can be used in root-lesion nematode management. Sudangrass (S. bicolor var. sudanense) is not directly profitable, but Brazilian farmers favor it because it can produce pasture, green chop, silage, or hay under unfavorable hydric conditions. However, no information is available regarding the suitability of sudangrass for P. brachyurus. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the suitability of grain sorghum and sudangrass for P. brachyurus in two glasshouse trials. The first trial tested sudangrass and grain sorghum ‘DKB 510’, ‘Dow 740’, ‘Dow 822’, ‘DKB 599’, and ‘AG 1040’. The second trial retested sudangrass and grain sorghum ‘Dow 740’ and ‘DKB 599’. The results demonstrated that sudangrass and grain sorghum were suitable hosts for P. brachyurus. These results, in addition to those obtained for other types of sorghum, emphasize that S. bicolor and sudangrass should be avoided in fields infested with P. brachyurus, as they increase the nematode population.

scholarly journals Resistance of Wheat Genotypes to Root-Lesion Nematode (Pratylenchus thornei) Can be Used to Predict Final Nematode Population Densities, Crop Greenness, and Grain Yield in the Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Thompson ◽  
J. G. Sheedy ◽  
N. A. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Principal Axes ◽  
Australian Wheat ◽  
Lesion Nematode

The root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei is a major pathogen of wheat (Triticum aestivum) in many regions globally. Resistance of wheat genotypes to P. thornei can be determined from final nematode population densities in glasshouse experiments but combining results across multiple experiments presents challenges. Here, we use a factor analytic method for multiexperiment analysis of final population densities of P. thornei for 1,096 unique wheat genotypes in 22 glasshouse experiments. The resistance to P. thornei of the genotypes was effectively represented by a two-factor model with rotation of the axes to a principal components solution. Principal axes 1 and 2 (PA1 and PA2) accounted for 79 and 11% of the genetic variance, respectively, over all experiments. Final population densities of P. thornei as empirical best linear unbiased predictors (PA[1+2]-eBLUPs) from the combined glasshouse experiments were highly predictive (P < 0.001) of final nematode population densities in the soil profile, crop canopy greenness (normalized difference vegetation index), and grain yield of wheat genotypes in P. thornei-infested fields in the Australian subtropical grain region. Nine categories of resistance ratings for wheat genotypes from resistant to very susceptible were based on subdivision of the range of PA(1+2)-eBLUPs for use in growers’ sowing guides. Nine genotypes were nominated as references for future resistance experiments. Most (62%) Australian wheat genotypes were in the most susceptible three categories (susceptible, susceptible to very susceptible, and very susceptible). However, resistant germplasm characterized in this study could be used in plant breeding to considerably improve the overall resistance of Australian wheat crops.

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