Evaluation of Prunus Rootstocks for Root-lesion Nematode Resistance

Fourteen Prunus rootstocks were evaluated against mixtures of several isolates of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus Allen and Jensen in three greenhouse experiments. Most of the tested rootstocks are new releases or materials in advanced stages of selection that also have incorporated root-knot nematode resistance. The plums Torinel (Prunusdomestica L.) and Redglow (P. salicina Lindl. P. munsoniana Wight and Hedrick cv. Jewel) showed a moderately resistant response; their final nematode population levels were lower or slightly higher than inoculation levels. Low nematode reproduction also was found in the peach–almond hybrid G N No 22 [P. persica (L.) Batsch P. dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] and the plum Bruce (P. salicina P. angustifolia Marsh.), and although these rootstocks did not perform as well as Torinel and Redglow, they also appear to be poor hosts for P. vulnus.

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Selection Against Pratylenchus vulnus Populations Attacking Prunus Rootstocks

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.35.7.1333 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 1333-1337 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jorge Pinochet ◽

Carolina Fernández ◽

Cinta Calvet ◽

Adriana Hernández-Dorrego ◽

Antonio Felipe

Keyword(s):

Partial Resistance ◽

Genetic Background ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Pratylenchus Vulnus ◽

Prunus Salicina ◽

Resistant Sources ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Pathogenic Diversity

Twenty-nine commercial and experimental Prunus rootstocks, most with incorporated root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne javanica (Traub.) Chitwood] resistance, were evaluated against mixtures comprising nine populations of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus vulnus Allen and Jensen. Nearly all tested materials were susceptible. Five cultivars with high resistant levels were further challenged with seven P. vulnus populations individually. `Redglow' (Prunus salicina Lindl. × P. munsoniana Wight and Hedrick) was the only rootstock that showed broad resistance to all populations. The rootstocks `Torinel' (P. domestica L.), AC-595 (P. domestica × P. insititia L.), `Marianna 4001' (P. cerasifera Ehr. × P. munsoniana), and `Felinem' [P. dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb × P. persica (L.) Batsch] showed resistance to one or a few P. vulnus populations. Several supposedly resistant sources proved to be susceptible. Tests of crosses made between parents of diverse genetic background with partial resistance to P. vulnus indicate that a descendant with potential P. vulnus resistance is difficult to obtain. Pathogenic diversity among P. vulnus populations appears to be high.

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Saccharum spontaneum, a Novel Source of Resistance to Root-Lesion and Root-Knot Nematodes in Sugarcane

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-02-19-0385-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (9) ◽

pp. 2288-2294

Author(s):

Shamsul A. Bhuiyan ◽

Kylie Garlick ◽

George Piperidis

Keyword(s):

Nematode Species ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematodes ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Final Population ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Commercial Cultivars ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes

Root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus zeae) and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) are two important pathogens of sugarcane (Saccharum hybrid). No commercial cultivars are resistant to these nematodes in Australia. Twenty accession lines of S. spontaneum, a wild relative of sugarcane, were tested against these two nematode species. S. spontaneum lines were tested twice for resistance to root-lesion nematode and three times for root-knot nematode. Reproduction (final population/starting population) of root-lesion nematodes was significantly lower in 17 of the 20 S. spontaneum accession lines tested in two experiments compared with two commercial cultivars. Four S. spontaneum lines supported a significantly lower number of root-lesion nematodes per gram of root than that of two commercial sugarcane cultivars. Reproduction of root-knot nematodes was significantly lower in 16 S. spontaneum lines compared with two commercial cultivars. Fourteen of the S. spontaneum lines tested supported significantly fewer eggs per gram of root compared with two commercial cultivars. This study showed that S. spontaneum lines possessed resistance for root-lesion and root-knot nematodes. Targeted crossing with commercial hybrid parental lines should be conducted to introduce nematode resistance into sugarcane cultivars for the Australian sugar industry.

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Crotalaria species in succession to soybean for the management of Pratylenchus brachyurus

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/0103-8478cr20190645 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (7) ◽

Author(s):

Thays Torquato Cruz ◽

Guilherme Lafourcarde Asmus ◽

Rodrigo Arroyo Garcia

Keyword(s):

Production Systems ◽

High Capacity ◽

Suppressive Effect ◽

Nematode Population ◽

Agricultural Crop ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Soil Pathogens ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽

Lesion Nematode

ABSTRACT: Soybean is the main agricultural crop in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It is primarily cultivated in a crop succession system, in wich soybean is grown in spring/summer, followed by corn or graminaceous pastures in autumn/winter as a second crop. Due to the intensive cultivation, new phytosanitary problems have arisen, among them the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, which besides causing damage to plant roots, can be important gateway for other soil pathogens. The recent occurrence of high nematode population densities has brought great concern due to the limited resistant soybean genotypes available. Besides, the use of nematicides only reduces nematodes populations temporarily. A viable alternative for the control of soil nematodes could be the use of Crotalaria spp. in succession or rotation with soybean. Crotalaria is immune or a bad host to the nematode, besides having high capacity of biological nitrogen fixation. Thus, the objective of the present research was to define the best way of insertion of this legume as a second crop in soybean production systems to reduce the population density of the root-lesion nematode. Two experiments were carried out: one in the field, in an infested area, and other in a greenhouse. In both experiments, the treatments were: 1) Zea mays, 2) Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés,, 3) Z. mays + Crotalaria spectabilis, 4) Z. mays + C. ochroleuca, 5) B. brizantha cv. Xaraés + C. spectabilis, 6) B. brizantha cv. Xaraés + C. ochroleuca, 7) C. spectabilis, and 8) C. ochroleuca. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by estimating the number of nematodes in the roots of autumn/winter crops, as well as in the roots of the soybean cultivated in the sequence. The cultivation of both Crotalaria species provided suppression of the nematode population. However, when intercropped with corn or Xaraés palisade grass, the suppressive effect of Crotalaria was supplanted by corn and Xaraés palisadegrass susceptibility to the root-lesion nematode.

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Resistance to Meloidogyne arenaria in Advanced Generation Breeding Lines of Peanut1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/pnut.22.1.0013 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 59-61 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

J. L. Starr ◽

C. E. Simpson ◽

T. A. Lee

Keyword(s):

Field Tests ◽

Recurrent Parent ◽

Meloidogyne Arenaria ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Breeding Lines ◽

Nematode Population Density ◽

Arachis Batizocoi ◽

Moderate Resistance ◽

Moderately Resistant

Abstract Levels of resistance to the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne arenaria in F2 individuals from the second, third, and fourth backcross (BC) generations were compared in seven separate tests to that of the root-knot nematode-resistant peanut germplasm line TxAG-7. Resistance of TxAG-7 was derived from the wild species Arachis batizocoi, A. cardenasii, and A. diogoi. Recurrent susceptible parents were Florunner and Tamnut 74 for the all backcrosses, Tamspan 90 for BC3 and BC4, and NC 7 and VC-1 for BC4. Resistance in these tests was defined as an inhibition of nematode reproduction relative to that of the susceptible recurrent parent. Numerous individuals with a level of resistance similar to that of TxAG-7 were identified from each backcross generation. In three field tests, the resistant BC2 genotype TP-223 supported a lower final nematode population density than did its susceptible recurrent parent Florunner. When rooted cuttings from selected BC4F2 individuals were retested to confirm the original resistance class, ratings were unchanged for those originally identified as resistant or susceptible. Of nine individuals originally identified as having moderate resistance (2.5 to 12.5% of the eggs/g roots as the susceptible recurrent parent), one was identified as susceptible, one as moderately resistant, and seven as resistant (<2.5% of the eggs/g roots) upon retest. These data are evidence that this source of resistance is readily recoverable from advanced back-cross generations.

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Pathotypes Detected Among Populations of Pratylenchus neglectus Collected From Montana

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-12-18-2234-re ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 103 (12) ◽

pp. 3259-3264

Author(s):

Riyadh T. Al-Khafaji ◽

Erin E. Gunnink Troth ◽

Kris N. Lambert ◽

Jeffrey A. Johnston ◽

Alan T. Dyer

Keyword(s):

Population Analysis ◽

The State ◽

Crop Rotations ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Pratylenchus Neglectus ◽

Changing Trends ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Initial Survey ◽

Moderately Resistant ◽

The Impact

The root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus, is one of the most damaging nematodes to affect wheat worldwide. The nematode is widely distributed in Montana, primarily affecting winter wheat within the state. Managing the nematode primarily involves rotation to resistant and moderately resistant crops (peas, lentils, and barley). A nematode survey was conducted across the state nearly 10 years after an initial survey, to reassess the nematode threat and assess the impact of changing trends in crop rotations. To assess the broad applicability of rotation crops to control P. neglectus across Montana, greenhouse trials were conducted to challenge rotational crops using eight populations of P. neglectus collected from geographically diverse locations across the state. In the trials, conducted with four Montana crops, a significant interaction was detected between crop and nematode population (analysis of variance P < 0.001). Populations from Hill, Dawson, and Chouteau counties were found to be pathogenic on barley. Male nematodes were detected in seven of the eight pot culture populations, and these were confirmed to be P. neglectus by morphological and molecular methods. These results suggest a re-evaluation of barley and lentils as a management option for P. neglectus in Montana, as pathotypes for each exist within the state.

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Effects of Anaerobically Digested Slurry onMeloidogyne incognitaandPratylenchus penetransin Tomato and Radish Production

Applied and Environmental Soil Science ◽

10.1155/2011/528712 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yu Yu Min ◽

Koki Toyota ◽

Erika Sato ◽

Atsushi Takada

Keyword(s):

Damage Index ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Biogas Slurry ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Anaerobically Digested Slurry ◽

And Control

Since effective disposable way of anaerobically digested biogas slurry is expected, ADS was applied to soil to evaluate its effects on nematode damage. Damage index of tomato by root-knot nematode was significantly () lower and the growth better in pots applied with ADS (100 and 200 mg -N kg−1) than that in those with chemical fertilizer and control (no ADS). ADS was applied into radish cultivated fields infested with the root-lesion nematode: a single (100 kg -N ha−1) in 2007 and 2008 and multiple applications (25, 50, 25 kg -N ha−1soil) in 2009. Damage to radish was 30% and 50% lower in ADS-treated fields than that in the control in 2007 and 2009, respectively, although not in 2008. These results suggest that application of ADS to fields might be feasible for mitigating nematode damage, but the rate and timing should be considered further for the best application way.

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Wild and Cultivated Strawberries Can Tolerate or Resist Root-lesion Nematode

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.29.9.1074 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 29 (9) ◽

pp. 1074-1077 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

John W. Potter ◽

Adam Dale

Keyword(s):

Nematode Resistance ◽

High Yield ◽

Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽

Root Lesion Nematode ◽

Lesion Nematodes ◽

Fragaria Virginiana ◽

Lesion Nematode ◽

Growth Vigor ◽

Root Lesion Nematodes ◽

Population Counts

Intraspecific crossing of `Guardian' and `Midway' cultivated strawberry (Fragaria ×ananassa Duch.) produced a family of genotypes, some of which suppressed root-lesion nematode [Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb)] population counts and produced large berries and high yield. Unlike `Midway', `Guardian' also suppressed P. penetrans. Among several beach strawberry [Fragaria chiloensis (L.) Duch.] and woodland strawberry (Fragaria virginiana Duch.) genotypes, variation was found in resistance and tolerance to root-lesion nematodes. Three F. chiloensis genotypes showed tolerance, and at least two genotypes may be somewhat resistant. Three F. virginiana genotypes also were tolerant, and three were resistant. Also, one (`Little Cataraqui 4') combined root growth vigor with nematode resistance. We concluded that exploitable genetic diversity in vigor and reaction to root-lesion nematodes exists in wild Fragaria and in F. ×ananassa.

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Development and Genetic Characterization of Peanut Advanced Backcross Lines That Incorporate Root-Knot Nematode Resistance From Arachis stenosperma

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2021.785358 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Carolina Ballén-Taborda ◽

Ye Chu ◽

Peggy Ozias-Akins ◽

C. Corley Holbrook ◽

Patricia Timper ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Seed Size ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Flower Color ◽

Nematode Resistance ◽

Wild Relative ◽

Root Knot Nematode ◽

Sources Of Resistance ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Nematode Reproduction ◽

Advanced Backcross

Crop wild species are increasingly important for crop improvement. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) wild relatives comprise a diverse genetic pool that is being used to broaden its narrow genetic base. Peanut is an allotetraploid species extremely susceptible to peanut root-knot nematode (PRKN) Meloidogyne arenaria. Current resistant cultivars rely on a single introgression for PRKN resistance incorporated from the wild relative Arachis cardenasii, which could be overcome as a result of the emergence of virulent nematode populations. Therefore, new sources of resistance may be needed. Near-immunity has been found in the peanut wild relative Arachis stenosperma. The two loci controlling the resistance, present on chromosomes A02 and A09, have been validated in tetraploid lines and have been shown to reduce nematode reproduction by up to 98%. To incorporate these new resistance QTL into cultivated peanut, we used a marker-assisted backcrossing approach, using PRKN A. stenosperma-derived resistant lines as donor parents. Four cycles of backcrossing were completed, and SNP assays linked to the QTL were used for foreground selection. In each backcross generation seed weight, length, and width were measured, and based on a statistical analysis we observed that only one generation of backcrossing was required to recover the elite peanut’s seed size. A populating of 271 BC3F1 lines was genome-wide genotyped to characterize the introgressions across the genome. Phenotypic information for leaf spot incidence and domestication traits (seed size, fertility, plant architecture, and flower color) were recorded. Correlations between the wild introgressions in different chromosomes and the phenotypic data allowed us to identify candidate regions controlling these domestication traits. Finally, PRKN resistance was validated in BC3F3 lines. We observed that the QTL in A02 and/or large introgression in A09 are needed for resistance. This present work represents an important step toward the development of new high-yielding and nematode-resistant peanut cultivars.

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