Clonal selection in interspecific Vitis spp. hybrids resistant to the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus by REML/BLUP

Fruits ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.R. dos Santos ◽  
◽  
, A.P. Viana ◽  
V.M. Gomes ◽  
S. da C. Preisigke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Selection ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Vitis Spp

scholarly journals Crotalaria species in succession to soybean for the management of Pratylenchus brachyurus

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thays Torquato Cruz ◽  
Guilherme Lafourcarde Asmus ◽  
Rodrigo Arroyo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Lesion Nematode

ABSTRACT: Soybean is the main agricultural crop in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It is primarily cultivated in a crop succession system, in wich soybean is grown in spring/summer, followed by corn or graminaceous pastures in autumn/winter as a second crop. Due to the intensive cultivation, new phytosanitary problems have arisen, among them the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, which besides causing damage to plant roots, can be important gateway for other soil pathogens. The recent occurrence of high nematode population densities has brought great concern due to the limited resistant soybean genotypes available. Besides, the use of nematicides only reduces nematodes populations temporarily. A viable alternative for the control of soil nematodes could be the use of Crotalaria spp. in succession or rotation with soybean. Crotalaria is immune or a bad host to the nematode, besides having high capacity of biological nitrogen fixation. Thus, the objective of the present research was to define the best way of insertion of this legume as a second crop in soybean production systems to reduce the population density of the root-lesion nematode. Two experiments were carried out: one in the field, in an infested area, and other in a greenhouse. In both experiments, the treatments were: 1) Zea mays, 2) Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés,, 3) Z. mays + Crotalaria spectabilis, 4) Z. mays + C. ochroleuca, 5) B. brizantha cv. Xaraés + C. spectabilis, 6) B. brizantha cv. Xaraés + C. ochroleuca, 7) C. spectabilis, and 8) C. ochroleuca. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by estimating the number of nematodes in the roots of autumn/winter crops, as well as in the roots of the soybean cultivated in the sequence. The cultivation of both Crotalaria species provided suppression of the nematode population. However, when intercropped with corn or Xaraés palisade grass, the suppressive effect of Crotalaria was supplanted by corn and Xaraés palisadegrass susceptibility to the root-lesion nematode.

scholarly journals Interference of Meloidogyne javanica in the reproduction of Pratylenchus brachyurus in soybean cultivar BRS/MT pintado

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Lais Fernanda Fontana ◽  
Claudia Regina Dias Arieira ◽  
Vinicius Hicaro Frederico Abe ◽  
José Junior Severino ◽  
Jailson de Oliveira Arieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Soybean Cultivar ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Inoculum Level ◽  
Final Population ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Mixed Populations

ABSTRACT Root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne spp., and the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, are the most common phytoparasites in soybean crop, which usually occur in association in crop areas. However, few studies were conducted on the interaction between these parasites. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the interference of the increase in M. javanica population in the reproduction of P. brachyurus, and the effect of mixed populations on soybean (cultivar BRS/MT Pintado) development. The experiment consisted in inoculating a population of 1000 specimens of P. brachyurus per plant and changing the inoculum level of M. javanica, using zero, 1000, 2000 and 4000 eggs, in two different periods. After 65 days of inoculation, the increase in the initial population of M. javanica reduced by 79 and 73% the final population of P. brachyurus in the different experiments. However, both species significantly increased their populations. When subjected to the same inoculum level, M. javanica was more efficient in reproducing than P. brachyurus. The increase in the number of nematodes reduced the vegetative growth of the plant.

scholarly journals Host suitability of grain sorghum and sudangrass for Pratylenchus brachyurus

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Hugo Moura de Souza ◽  
Mário Massayuki Inomoto
Keyword(s):  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Single Trial ◽  
Double Cropping ◽  
Cash Crops ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Sorghum Bicolor L

ABSTRACT: Nowadays, the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus brachyurus (Godfrey) is a major pest of soybean in Brazil, mainly in areas using double cropping with maize or cotton, which are suitable hosts for P. brachyurus. A great effort has been made to find cash crops for P. brachyurus management. Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)] was classified as a non-host for P. brachyurus but based on a single trial. It would be a valuable option as a culture for double cropping with soybean, as it is profitable and can be used in root-lesion nematode management. Sudangrass (S. bicolor var. sudanense) is not directly profitable, but Brazilian farmers favor it because it can produce pasture, green chop, silage, or hay under unfavorable hydric conditions. However, no information is available regarding the suitability of sudangrass for P. brachyurus. Thus, the current study aimed to assess the suitability of grain sorghum and sudangrass for P. brachyurus in two glasshouse trials. The first trial tested sudangrass and grain sorghum ‘DKB 510’, ‘Dow 740’, ‘Dow 822’, ‘DKB 599’, and ‘AG 1040’. The second trial retested sudangrass and grain sorghum ‘Dow 740’ and ‘DKB 599’. The results demonstrated that sudangrass and grain sorghum were suitable hosts for P. brachyurus. These results, in addition to those obtained for other types of sorghum, emphasize that S. bicolor and sudangrass should be avoided in fields infested with P. brachyurus, as they increase the nematode population.

Metabolomic profiling of wheat genotypes resistant and susceptible to root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus thornei

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Motiur Rahaman ◽  
Rebecca S. Zwart ◽  
Thusitha W. T. Rupasinghe ◽  
Helen L. Hayden ◽  
John P. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Pratylenchus Thornei ◽  
Lesion Nematode

EFFECTS OF SOIL MANAGEMENT ON NUMBERS OF THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS IN SOILS OF ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARDS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
C. F. MARKS ◽  
W. J. SAIDAK ◽  
P. W. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Lesion Nematode

The use of herbicides and cover crops in peach orchards influenced the numbers of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, in Fox sandy loam soils. Plots treated over the entire area with the herbicide combination of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) and linuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea) had the smallest number of P. penetrans in the soil. The soil management practice used by many Ontario growers, clean cultivation until 1 July followed by a weed cover, resulted in the largest numbers of nematodes in the soil. Creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) as a cover crop retarded the rate of increase of P. penetrans numbers in the soil but Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare cult sudanense Hitchc.) did not. Weed control practices that permitted a temporary re-establishment of weed covers, did not retard the increase of P. penetrans numbers. Use of paraquat plus linuron to limit weed growth in the tree rows coupled with a permanent cover of creeping red fescue between the rows appears to be an effective way of retarding increases of P. penetrans numbers in peach orchards. Soil management systems that incorporate these features may be of practical value to Ontario peach growers.

Identification and pathogenicity of Pratylenchus scribneri on tomato in Sichuan Province of People's Republic of China

2022 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.H. Xia ◽  
J. Li ◽  
M.R. Sun ◽  
B. Lei ◽  
H.L. Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sichuan Province ◽  
28S Rdna ◽  
Coi Gene ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Mtdna Coi ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Pratylenchus Scribneri ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes

Abstract Root-lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) are a group of economically important pathogens that have caused serious economic losses in many crops. In 2019, root-lesion nematodes were recovered from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) root samples collected from Sichuan Province, People's Republic of China (PRC). Extracted nematodes were disinfected, and one individual female was cultured on a carrot disc for propagation at 25 °C by parthenogenesis and designated the SC isolate. Afterwards, the isolate was identified on the basis of morphometric and molecular markers. Both morphometric characters and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region gene (ITS) of ribosomal DNA, the D2-D3 expansion region of the 28S rDNA gene and the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (mtDNA-COI) gene revealed that the species of root-lesion nematode was Pratylenchus scribneri. The Bayesian tree inferred from the ITS rDNA, 28S rDNA and mtDNA-COI gene sequences also showed that this isolate formed a highly supported clade with other P. scribneri isolates. The pathogenicity of the root-lesion nematode SC isolate on tomato was assessed, showing that tomato was a suitable host for P. scribneri. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of P. scribneri on tomato in Sichuan Province, PRC. These are also the first molecular data obtained from P. scribneri on tomato in the PRC, and the pathogenicity of P. scribneri to tomato was studied for the first time. This study provides scientific data for the detection, identification and control of tomato root-lesion nematode disease.

THE PATHOGENICITY OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS TO CELERY

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Primary Parasite ◽  
Lesion Nematode

Celery seedlings, grown aseptically in silica sand with plant nutrients, were inoculated with surface-sterilized specimens of the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. & Stek., 1941. The reactions of invaded roots were studied microscopically. The epidermis, cortex, and endodermis of young celery roots showed different degrees of discoloration after invasion of P. penetrans, with the endodermis most severely affected. Pratylenchus penetrans was a primary parasite and pathogen of celery.

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