THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE, PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS (COBB, 1917) FILIP. & STEK. 1941, IN CELERY

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Orange Color

Pratylenchus penetrans, Meloidogyne hapla, and Paratylenchus hamatus were the predominant nematode species associated with the roots of celery in the Burlington area of Ontario. Pratylenchus penetrans was found associated with irregular areas of stunted celery and because of the orange color of the roots the growers called the condition "rusty" root. In growth room studies relatively large numbers of P. penetrans were required to produce stunting. The amount of growth was inversely proportional to the size of the initial nematode population. Pratylenchus penetrans can overwinter in celery root debris. Tomato, cabbage, lettuce, cauliflower, potato, and eggplant were also found to be hosts of P. penetrans.

THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE, PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS (COBB, 1917) FILIP. & STEK., 1941, IN STRAWBERRY IN THE NIAGARA PENINSULA AND NORFOLK COUNTY IN ONTARIO

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 728-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Population ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. & Stek., 1941, and Paratylenchus projectus Jenkins, 1956, were the predominant plant parasitic nematodes associated with strawberry in the Niagara Peninsula and Norfolk County in Ontario from 1956 to 1960. However, P. penetrans was the only nematode whose occurrence could be correlated with a specific type of root lesion and with stunting. The lesions it caused on the roots were elliptical and amber to dark brown. All strawberry varieties examined were infected with P. penetrans. Under controlled conditions large numbers of P. penetrans were required to produce stunting. The amount of growth was inversely proportional to the density of the initial nematode population.

Selection for resistance to the root-lesion nematode in alfalfa

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 593-598
Author(s):  
B. R. Christie ◽  
J. L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Growth Room ◽  
Medicago Sativa L ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Root Lesion Nematodes ◽  
Made In

A study was conducted to evaluate response of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to selection for resistance to the root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) Filipjev and Sch.-Stek.) under growth-room facilities. Six hundred plants of the cultivar Vernal were inoculated with root-lesion nematodes. Counts were made 13–14 wk later of the number of nematodes g−1 root. Selections were made for relatively low counts (resistant) and high counts (susceptible). Selections were self-pollinated, and the S1 progeny of nine plants (five resistant and four susceptible) were evaluated. The S1 progenies from both types of selections had similar counts. The S2 progenies of resistant S1 parents, however, had lower counts than those of susceptible parents. The F1 crosses generally reacted as expected on the basis of the S2 parents. Results of this study suggest that progress can be made in breeding for resistance to the root-lesion nematode in alfalfa.Key words: Nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, alfalfa, selection

Effects of crop rotations on carrot yield and on the nematodes Pratylenchus penetrans and Meloidogyne hapla

2004 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joe Kimpinski ◽  
Kevin Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Root Knot Nematodes ◽  
Lesion Nematode ◽  
Rotation Crops

Abstract Carrot yield (Daucus carota) and population levels of the root-lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans and the northern root-knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla were measured in five rotation crops and in subsequent carrot crops at three field sites (1998-1999, 1999-2000, and 2000-2001). Total and marketable carrot yields averaged over the three sites did not differ in the crop sequences but there was a difference among sites. The total yields at sites 1, 2, and 3 were 77.86, 68.12, and 30.33 tonnes ha-1, respectively. Marketable yields were 59.04, 60.62, and 24.11 tonnes ha-1 at sites 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The lower yields were attributed primarily to less rainfall during July and August in 2001, and possibly to northern root-knot nematodes that were more prevalent at site 3. Mean levels of root-lesion nematodes in soil were highest (2690 nematodes kg-1) in carrot that followed timothy (Phleum pratense cv. Common), lowest (1100 nematodes kg-1) in carrots that followed marigold (Tagetes erecta cv. Crackerjack), and intermediate after barley (Hordeum vulgare cv. Chapais), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum cv. Millet 101), and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum cv. Lemtal). Root-lesion nematode populations were also lower in marigold than in the other crops. Northern root-knot nematodes were not detected in rotation crops. The study indicated that carrot yields did not differ irrespective of the previous crop, but root-lesion nematode populations in soil at harvest were highest in carrots that followed timothy and lowest in carrots that followed marigolds. Population levels of root-knot nematodes in carrots did not differ among the crop sequences.

EFFECTS OF SOIL MANAGEMENT ON NUMBERS OF THE ROOT-LESION NEMATODE PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS IN SOILS OF ONTARIO PEACH ORCHARDS

1973 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-185
Author(s):  
C. F. MARKS ◽  
W. J. SAIDAK ◽  
P. W. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Entire Area ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Lesion Nematode

The use of herbicides and cover crops in peach orchards influenced the numbers of the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus penetrans, in Fox sandy loam soils. Plots treated over the entire area with the herbicide combination of paraquat (1,1′-dimethyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ion) and linuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea) had the smallest number of P. penetrans in the soil. The soil management practice used by many Ontario growers, clean cultivation until 1 July followed by a weed cover, resulted in the largest numbers of nematodes in the soil. Creeping red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) as a cover crop retarded the rate of increase of P. penetrans numbers in the soil but Sudan grass (Sorghum vulgare cult sudanense Hitchc.) did not. Weed control practices that permitted a temporary re-establishment of weed covers, did not retard the increase of P. penetrans numbers. Use of paraquat plus linuron to limit weed growth in the tree rows coupled with a permanent cover of creeping red fescue between the rows appears to be an effective way of retarding increases of P. penetrans numbers in peach orchards. Soil management systems that incorporate these features may be of practical value to Ontario peach growers.

scholarly journals Crotalaria species in succession to soybean for the management of Pratylenchus brachyurus

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thays Torquato Cruz ◽  
Guilherme Lafourcarde Asmus ◽  
Rodrigo Arroyo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Production Systems ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Agricultural Crop ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Soil Pathogens ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Pratylenchus Brachyurus ◽  
Lesion Nematode

ABSTRACT: Soybean is the main agricultural crop in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. It is primarily cultivated in a crop succession system, in wich soybean is grown in spring/summer, followed by corn or graminaceous pastures in autumn/winter as a second crop. Due to the intensive cultivation, new phytosanitary problems have arisen, among them the root-lesion nematode, Pratylenchus brachyurus, which besides causing damage to plant roots, can be important gateway for other soil pathogens. The recent occurrence of high nematode population densities has brought great concern due to the limited resistant soybean genotypes available. Besides, the use of nematicides only reduces nematodes populations temporarily. A viable alternative for the control of soil nematodes could be the use of Crotalaria spp. in succession or rotation with soybean. Crotalaria is immune or a bad host to the nematode, besides having high capacity of biological nitrogen fixation. Thus, the objective of the present research was to define the best way of insertion of this legume as a second crop in soybean production systems to reduce the population density of the root-lesion nematode. Two experiments were carried out: one in the field, in an infested area, and other in a greenhouse. In both experiments, the treatments were: 1) Zea mays, 2) Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés,, 3) Z. mays + Crotalaria spectabilis, 4) Z. mays + C. ochroleuca, 5) B. brizantha cv. Xaraés + C. spectabilis, 6) B. brizantha cv. Xaraés + C. ochroleuca, 7) C. spectabilis, and 8) C. ochroleuca. The effect of the treatments was evaluated by estimating the number of nematodes in the roots of autumn/winter crops, as well as in the roots of the soybean cultivated in the sequence. The cultivation of both Crotalaria species provided suppression of the nematode population. However, when intercropped with corn or Xaraés palisade grass, the suppressive effect of Crotalaria was supplanted by corn and Xaraés palisadegrass susceptibility to the root-lesion nematode.

THE PATHOGENICITY OF PRATYLENCHUS PENETRANS TO CELERY

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Townshend
Keyword(s):  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Primary Parasite ◽  
Lesion Nematode

Celery seedlings, grown aseptically in silica sand with plant nutrients, were inoculated with surface-sterilized specimens of the root lesion nematode Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb, 1917) Filip. & Stek., 1941. The reactions of invaded roots were studied microscopically. The epidermis, cortex, and endodermis of young celery roots showed different degrees of discoloration after invasion of P. penetrans, with the endodermis most severely affected. Pratylenchus penetrans was a primary parasite and pathogen of celery.

Tagetes patula as an effective catch crop for long-term control of Pratylenchus penetrans

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 877-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albartus Evenhuis ◽  
Gerard Korthals ◽  
Leendert Molendijk
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Soil Fumigation ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
Tagetes Patula ◽  
Pratylenchus Penetrans ◽  
Root Lesion Nematode ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Chemical Soil ◽  
Lesion Nematode

AbstractTagetes patula is well known to be able to diminish Pratylenchus penetrans (Cobb) populations. In a field experiment, the increase of the P. penetrans soil population density after growing T. patula was significantly less than after chemical soil fumigation with metam sodium. The effect of T. patula on P. penetrans population densities lasted longer than the effect of chemical soil fumigation. Strawberries were grown for 3 consecutive years after T. patula without damage by the root lesion nematode. Assuming a linear rate of increase of the P. penetrans population density, we predict that strawberries could be grown for about 7 successive years without economic damage due to the root lesion nematode. Strawberry yield was greater from the crop grown 3 years after T. patula than that after soil fumigation 4 years previously. About 2 t strawberry yield increase is necessary to allow the growth of Tagetes every 5th year, without economic loss. The possibility of growing both strawberries and Tagetes in the same year should be investigated.

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