scholarly journals POSTURAL ADJUSTMENTS OF ACTIVE YOUTHS IN PERTURBATION AND DUAL-TASK CONDITIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 428-432
Author(s):  
Victor Spiandor Beretta ◽  
Paulo Cezar Rocha Santos ◽  
Diego Alejandro Rojas Jaimes ◽  
Mayara Borkowske Pestana ◽  
Alejandra Maria Franco Jimenez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
External Perturbation ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Postural Adjustments ◽  
External Perturbations

ABSTRACT Introduction Cognitive components are necessary to maintain posture during external perturbations. However, few studies have investigated postural control when external perturbations are associated with a concomitant cognitive task (DT). Objectives To analyze the behavior of reactive adjustments after perturbation with different intensities and displacements in active young adults; and to analyze the influence of DT on predictive and reactive adjustments in different perturbation conditions. Methods Twenty-eight physically active young adults stood on an item of equipment that produced displacements of the base. Four experimental conditions were introduced in a single task (ST) and DT (cognitive-report how many times a pre-established number appeared in the audio): 1 (5 cm and 10 cm/s); 2 (5 cm and 25 cm/s); 3 (12 cm and 10 cm/s) and 4 (12 cm and 25 cm/s). Three attempts were carried out for each condition (total=24). Center of pressure (CoP) parameters were analyzed considering the following windows: predictive (-250 to +50 ms), reactive 1 (+50 to +200 ms) and reactive 2 (+200 to +700 ms), in comparison to the start of the CoP activity. One-way ANOVAs were performed to analyze predictive adjustments, while two-way ANOVAs with factor for task (STxDT) and condition (1x2x3x4), with repeated measurements, were performed for the reactive adjustments. Results One-way ANOVA (predictive) indicated that the subjects had higher CoP parameters in ST vs DT. In reactive adjustments 1 and 2, ANOVA indicated greater CoP parameters in condition 2 and 4 when compared to 1 and 3, and in the ST vs DT. The subjects took longer to recover stable position in conditions 1 and 3 than in conditions 2 and 4. Conclusion Perturbation intensity has a greater influence on postural adjustments to maintain balance than on magnitude. Moreover, the association of cognitive tasks with external perturbation decreases CoP oscillation. Therefore, cognitive resources play an important role in postural control after perturbation. Level of evidence III; Study of nonconsecutive patients, with no “gold” standard applied uniformly.

scholarly journals Dual task and postural control in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-84
Author(s):  
Larissa Pires de Andrade ◽  
Natália Madalena Rinaldi ◽  
Flávia Gomes de Melo Coelho ◽  
Kátia Tanaka ◽  
Florindo Stella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽  
Dual Task ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Experimental Conditions

Patients with neurodegenerative diseases are required to use cognitive resources while maintaining postural control. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a frontal cognitive task on postural control in patients with Alzheimer, Parkinson and controls. Thirty-eight participants were instructed to stand upright on a force platform in two experimental conditions: single and dual task. Participants with Parkinson's disease presented an increase in the coefficient of variation greater than 100% in the dual task as compared to the single task for center of pressure (COP) area and COP path. In addition, patients with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease had a higher number of errors during the execution of the cognitive task when compared to the group of elderly without neurodegenerative diseases. The motor cortex, which is engaged in postural control, does not seem to compete with frontal brain regions in the performance of the cognitive task. However, patients with Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease presented worsened performance in cognitive task.

scholarly journals Postural Control and Sleep Quality in Cognitive Dual Tasking in Healthy Young Adults

J ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265
Author(s):  
Marina Saraiva ◽  
Joel Marouvo ◽  
Orlando Fernandes ◽  
Maria António Castro ◽  
João Paulo Vilas-Boas
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Standing Posture ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Dual Tasking

Although sleep quality disorders can have a negative effect on postural control, studies about this subject are scarce. The aim of this study is to assess the differences in standing posture performance during dual tasking between healthy young adults with a good and poor sleep quality. Thirty-five healthy participants (23.09 ± 3.97 years) performed a postural task (standing posture single task ((ST)) and a dual task (DT): quiet standing while performing a concurrent cognitive task, while the total excursion of the center of pressure (TOTEX CoP), the displacement anterior–posterior (CoP-AP) and medial–lateral (CoP-ML), the mean total velocity displacement of CoP (MVELO CoP) and ellipse sway area (CEA) were measured with a force plate. After assessing the sleep quality with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, they were divided into two groups (good ((n = 21)) and poor ((n = 14)) sleep quality) to establish comparisons. This study revealed no significant differences in TOTEX CoP, CoP-ML, CoP-AP, MVELO CoP, and CEA among both sleep quality groups. In conclusion, differences in the sleep quality (good or poor sleep quality) among young adults appear not to be a relevant factor in the CoP variation, but the DT versus ST can compromise postural control performance independently of the sleep quality.

Trunk Extensor Muscle Fatigue Does Not Affect Postural Control during Upright Static Stance in Young-adults and Middle-aged Adults

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giselle Delgado ◽  
Chelsea Coghlin ◽  
Katelyn Earle ◽  
Andrea Holek ◽  
Kate O'Hare
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Force Plate ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Aged Subjects ◽  
Back Problems ◽  
Trunk Extensor

Background. Falls can be extremely detrimental to someone’s daily living, as well as life threatening This is especially true for individuals who have back problems, are sedentary, and have other health disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of trunk extensor muscles fatigue on static postural control in young healthy adults compared to middle aged subjects. Methods. University students (n=10), and Middle-aged subjects (n=6; 40+ years of age) stood as immobile as possible on a force plate, with their feet together and eyes closed under two conditions; Fatigue and No fatigue. Fatigue was achieved through repetitive extensions of the trunk until a subjective fatigue level was reached. We measured center of pressure (CoP) displacements in the A/P and M/L planes using a force plate to assess standing balance. Findings. We did not observe any significant interaction between age and fatigue indicating that fatigue affected both age groups similarly. The CoP variability was higher for the middle aged compared to the young adults in both the fatigue and no-fatigue conditions. Interpretation. The results of this study indicate that trunk extensor fatigue does not affect balance differently for young compared to middle-aged subjects. This study also suggests that postural control decreases significantly with increasing age. Our finding that trunk extensor fatigue did not significantly affect the postural control of upright stance contradicts previous studies; this difference may be due to the subject sample in our study.

Comparison of the Effect of the Combined Mechanism Ankle Support on Static and Dynamic Postural Control of Chronic Ankle Instability Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 702-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hadadi ◽  
Faezeh Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Chronic Ankle Instability ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Balance Test ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Combined Mechanism ◽  
Ankle Support

Background: Chronic ankle instability (CAI) is associated with postural control impairment. Orthotic devices are routinely used to improve postural control of CAI patients and prevent recurrence of ankle sprain. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effect of combined mechanism ankle support (CMAS) with soft ankle support (SAS) and custom-molded foot orthosis (CFO) on static and dynamic postural control in patients with CAI. Methods: Twenty-two patients with CAI and 22 matched healthy subjects were recruited. The participants were evaluated in four orthotic conditions (without orthosis and with the CMAS, SAS, and CFO). Static balance was investigated in single-limb stance on the force platform, and dynamic balance was assessed using the Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT). Results: Statistically significant differences were found for the main effects of the groups in all center of pressure (COP) parameters and reach distances in medial (M), anteromedial (AM), and posteromedial (PM) directions of the SEBT ( P < .05). The main effect of the orthotics for all evaluated parameters, except reach distance in the PM direction, was statistically different. All COP parameters were significantly lower with the CMAS compared with other orthotic conditions in CAI patients. Also, the higher reach distances with the CMAS were obtained in the AM and M directions of the SEBT. Conclusion: The CMAS improved impaired postural control in static and dynamic stability tests, but no similar effect was found for SAS and CFO. This result may have implications for the best bracing for CAI. Level of Evidence: Level II, comparative study.

scholarly journals Postural Sway in Older Patients with Sagittal Imbalance and Young Adults during Local Vibratory Proprioceptive Stimulation

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 210
Author(s):  
Tadashi Ito ◽  
Yoshihito Sakai ◽  
Kazunori Yamazaki ◽  
Yohei Ito ◽  
Keitaro Kawai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Sagittal Imbalance ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Proprioceptive Stimulation ◽  
Risk Of Falls

This study aimed to assess differences in somatosensory control strategies between older patients with sagittal imbalance and young adults during postural tasks. The center of pressure displacement in 27 older patients with sagittal imbalance and 27 young adults was determined upon standing blindfolded on a balance board. Vibratory stimulation at 56 to 100 Hz was applied bilaterally to the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles (GS) and lumbar multifidus to evaluate the contributions of proprioceptive signals to postural control. Data of older patients and young adults were compared using the Mann–Whitney U-test or independent sample t-tests. Compared with the young adults, the older patients were significantly more reliant on the GS (p < 0.005) for their postural control and showed a higher relative proprioceptive weighting ratio (RPW) (p = 0.038). The postural strategy adopted by the older patients depended on the level of proprioceptive stimulation applied to the GS, and the postural control strategy of the ankle correlated with RPW. Overall, this study identifies RPW as a novel measure of postural strategy in older patients with sagittal imbalance and provides an understanding of strategies used to maintain balance, which may assist in developing preventative measures to reduce the risk of falls.

scholarly journals Motor strategy during postural control is not muscle fatigue joint-dependent, but muscle fatigue increases postural asymmetry

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0247395
Author(s):  
Tiago Penedo ◽  
Paula Favaro Polastri ◽  
Sérgio Tosi Rodrigues ◽  
Felipe Balistieri Santinelli ◽  
Elisa de Carvalho Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Muscle Fatigue ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Postural Asymmetry ◽  
Motor Strategy ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Before And After

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of ankle and hip muscle fatigue on motor adjustments (experiment 1) and symmetry (experiment 2) of postural control during a quiet standing task. Twenty-three young adults performed a bipedal postural task on separate force platforms, before and after a bilateral ankle and hip muscle fatigue protocol (randomized). Ankle and hip muscles were fatigued separately using a standing calf raise protocol (ankle fatigue) on a step and flexion and extension of the hip (hip fatigue) sitting on a chair, at a controlled movement frequency (0.5Hz), respectively. In both experiments, force, center of pressure, and electromyography parameters were measured. The symmetry index was used in experiment 2 to analyze the postural asymmetry in the parameters. Our main findings showed that muscle fatigue impaired postural stability, regardless of the fatigued muscle region (i.e., ankle or hip). In addition, young adults used an ankle motor strategy (experiment 1) before and after both the ankle and hip muscle fatigue protocols. Moreover, we found increased asymmetry between the lower limbs (experiment 2) during the quiet standing task after muscle fatigue. Thus, we can conclude that the postural motor strategy is not muscle fatigue joint-dependent and a fatigue task increases postural asymmetry, regardless of the fatigued region (hip or ankle). These findings could be applied in sports training and rehabilitation programs with the objective of reducing the fatigue effects on asymmetry and improving balance.

scholarly journals A Study on the Relationship between Postural Control and Pain-Related Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Nonspecific Low Back Pain

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Qiuhua Yu ◽  
Yunxia Huo ◽  
Min Chen ◽  
Zhou Zhang ◽  
Zhicheng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Onset Time ◽  
External Perturbation ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Postural Adjustments ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives. To explore the relationship between postural control and pain-related clinical outcomes in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (cNLBP). Methods. Participants with cNLBP and healthy individuals were recruited. Muscle activities were recorded during internal and external perturbation tasks. Postural control capacity was assessed by muscle onset time and integrals of electromyography (iEMGs) of postural muscles during the phases of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) and compensatory postural adjustments (CPAs). Correlation analysis was employed to investigate the relationship between postural control capacity, pain, and disability. Results. Twenty-seven patients with cNLBP and 27 healthy participants were recruited. Gastrocnemius (GA) muscle onset time was earlier in the cNLBP group than in the control group in the internal perturbation task. The onset time of GA and erector spinae (ES) of the cNLBP group was later than that of the controls in the external perturbation task. Disability level moderately correlated with the iEMGs of rectus abdominis (RA), GA, and external oblique (EO) during APAs. Pain score moderately correlated with the iEMGs of RA, EO, and ES during CPAs of perturbation tasks. Conclusion. cNLBP participants had altered muscle activation strategy to maintain postural stability in response to perturbation. This study further discovered that pain-related disabilities of cNLBP participants were likely related to the APAs capacity, whereas the pain intensity may relate to the CPAs capacity. Pain and disability may therefore be related to the control process of the posture-related muscles.

scholarly journals Vibration of the Whole Foot Soles Surface Using an Inexpensive Portable Device to Investigate Age-Related Alterations of Postural Control

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydiane Lauzier ◽  
Mohamed Abdelhafid Kadri ◽  
Emilie Bouchard ◽  
Kevin Bouchard ◽  
Sébastien Gaboury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Portable Device ◽  
Postural Adjustments ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Postural Performance ◽  
Related Increase

Background: Standing on a foam surface is used to investigate how aging affect the ability to keep balance when somatosensory inputs from feet soles become unreliable. However, since standing on foam also affects the efficacy of postural adjustments, the respective contributions of sensory and motor components are impossible to separate. This study tested the hypothesis that these components can be untangled by comparing changes of center of pressure (CoP) parameters induced by standing on a foam pad vs. a novel vibration (VIB) platform developed by our team and targeting feet soles’ mechanoreceptors.Methods: Bipedal postural control of young (n = 20) and healthy elders (n = 20) was assessed while standing barefoot on a force platform through 3 randomized conditions: (1) Baseline (BL); (2) VIB; and (3) Foam. CoP Amplitude and Velocity in the antero-posterior/medio-lateral (AP/ML) directions and COP Surface were compared between conditions and groups.Findings: Both VIB and Foam increased CoP parameters compared to BL, but Foam had a significantly greater impact than VIB for both groups. Young and Old participants significantly differed for all three Conditions. However, when correcting for BL levels of postural performance, VIB-related increase of COP parameters was no longer different between groups, conversely to Foam.Interpretation: Although both VIB and Foam highlighted age-related differences of postural control, their combined use revealed that “motor” and “sensory” components are differently affected by aging, the latter being relatively unaltered, at least in healthy/active elders. The combined used of these methods could provide relevant knowledge to better understand and manage postural impairments in the aging population.

scholarly journals Interest of active posturography to detect age-related and early Parkinson's disease-related impairments in mediolateral postural control

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (10) ◽  
pp. 2638-2646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédrick T. Bonnet ◽  
Arnaud Delval ◽  
Luc Defebvre
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Center Of Pressure ◽  
Behavioral Variability ◽  
Quiet Stance ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Elderly Control

Patients with Parkinson's disease display impairments of postural control most particularly in active, challenging conditions. The objective of the present study was to analyze early signs of disease-related and also age-related impairments in mediolateral body extension and postural control. Fifty-five participants (18 Hoehn and Yahr stage 2 patients in the off-drug condition, 18 healthy elderly control subjects, and 19 young adults) were included in the study. The participants performed a quiet stance task and two active tasks that analyzed the performance in mediolateral body motion: a limit of stability and a rhythmic weight shift task. As expected, the patients displayed significantly lower and slower body displacement (head, neck, lower back, center of pressure) than elderly control subjects when performing the two body excursion tasks. However, the behavioral variability in both tasks was similar between the groups. Under these active conditions, the patients showed significantly lower contribution of the hip postural control mechanisms compared with the elderly control subjects. Overall, the patients seemed to lower their performance in order to prevent a mediolateral postural instability. However, these patients, at an early stage of their disease, were not unstable in quiet stance. Complementarily, elderly control subjects displayed slower body performance than young adults, which therefore showed an additional age-related impairment in mediolateral postural control. Overall, the study illustrated markers of age-related and Parkinson's disease impairments in mediolateral postural control that may constrain everyday activities in elderly adults and even more in patients with Parkinson's disease.

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