scholarly journals Plasticity in the timing of activity in the Red-rumped Agouti, Dasyprocta leporina (Mammalia: Rodentia), in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Martins Magalhães ◽  
Ana Carolina Srbek-Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Behavioral Plasticity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Local Effect ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Solar Rays

Abstract Timing of activity is a consequence of adaptations to daily and seasonal changes in the environment and examining these patterns is important to better understand the temporal niches of the species. Here we examine temporal activity in the Red-rumped Agouti (Dasyprocta leporina) in two fragments of Atlantic Forest and those factors that influence the circadian rhythm in the study areas. Camera traps were used to gather data in two protected areas (one montane and other coastal) in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. A total of 49 photos were taken in the mountains and 152 in the coastal area. Activity patterns were diurnal and bimodal, and animals were active for 14-15 hours each day. Activity peaked in the morning soon after sunrise and then before and during dusk. Activity patterns were different in the two study areas (W = 6.77, p = 0.034). There was a longer peak in the morning in the coastal area, and a higher peak in the evening in the mountains, where activity starts later and becomes less intense earlier. The difference between activity patterns in the two locations suggests plasticity in agouti behavior. Because the two study areas are at about the same latitude, we suggest that the behavioral plasticity is due to different temperature regimes associated with a local effect of altitude and topography of the terrain on the incidence of solar rays inside the forest. The influence of other factors is also discussed. In addition to a better understanding of the temporal niche of the Red-rumped Agouti, the behavior patterns we describe here can be useful to optimize strategies for D. leporina conservation in southeastern Brazil once the species is more susceptible to poaching at times when animals are most active.

Differences in activity patterns of the Neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis between rivers of two Brazilian ecoregions

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Lopes Rheingantz ◽  
Caroline Leuchtenberger ◽  
Carlos André Zucco ◽  
Fernando A.S. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Kernel Density ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Use Of Time ◽  
Activity Behaviour ◽  
Lontra Longicaudis

Abstract:Circadian use of time is an important, but often neglected, part of an animal's niche. We compared the activity patterns of the Neotropical otter Lontra longicaudis in two different areas in Brazil using camera traps placed at the entrance of holts. We obtained 58 independent photos in the Atlantic Forest (273 camera trap-days) and 46 photos in Pantanal (300 camera trap-days). We observed different kernel density probabilities on these two areas (45.6% and 14.1% overlap between the 95% and 50% density isopleths respectively). We observed the plasticity in Neotropical otter activity behaviour with different activity patterns in the two areas. In the Pantanal, the Neotropical otter selected daylight (Ivlev = 0.23) and avoided night (Ivlev = −0.44), while in the Atlantic Forest it selected dawn (Ivlev = 0.24) and night (Ivlev = 0.14), avoiding daylight (Ivlev = −0.33). We believe that this pattern can be due to human activity or shifts in prey activity.

Daily and Seasonal Activity Patterns of the Solitary Tinamou (Tinamus solitarius) in the Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-894 ◽  
Author(s):  
Letícia Coutinho Sangy Dias ◽  
Christine Steiner São Bernardo ◽  
Ana Carolina Srbek-Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Seasonal Activity

scholarly journals Temporal activity of rural free-ranging dogs: implications for the predator and prey species in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Douglas Carvalho ◽  
Luís Miguel Rosalino ◽  
Maíra Sant’Ana M. Godoy ◽  
Marília F. Giorgete ◽  
Cristina Harumi Adania ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Site Occupancy ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Potential Prey ◽  
Large Predators ◽  
Free Ranging

Domestic or free-ranging dogs (Canislupusfamiliaris) can have deleterious effects on wildlife, acting as predators or competitors to native species. These impacts can be highly important in fragmented pristine habitats or well-preserved areas located in human dominated landscapes and where biodiversity values are usually high, such as those in southeastern Brazil. Here we explored the level of overlap or mismatch in the distributions of activity patterns of rural free-ranging dogs and potential wild prey (Didelphisaurita, Cuniculuspaca; Sylvilagusbrasiliensis) and a wild predator (Leoparduspardalis) in areas of Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. We further explored the possible influence of the wild predator on the dog presence pattern detected in the territory analyzed. Our camera-trap data (714 camera-trap days) showed that while rural free-ranging dogs display a cathemeral activity pattern, with activity peaks at dusk and dawn, ocelot and prey species are mainly nocturnal. Moreover, we found no evidence of an effect of ocelot presence, the distance to human houses and the presence of native forests on site occupancy by dogs. The ocelot activity patterns in this study were similar to those already reported in previous studies. On the other hand, previous studies have indicated that that free-ranging dogs are often reported to be more diurnal, and it seems that the rural free-ranging dogs in our study area may have adjusted their behaviour to be more active at dawn and dusk periods. This might be to both maintain some overlap with potential prey, e.g. Sylvilagusbrasiliensis, and also to avoid ocelots by being less active in periods when this predator is more active (which also coincides with peaks in activity for potential prey species). We hypothesize that the presence of ocelots might be influencing the temporal niche dimension of rural free-ranging dogs. As a sustainable management strategy, we propose conserving territories to promote the presence of medium to large predators in natural areas, in order to control free-ranging dogs and protect their vertebrate prey species.

Seasonal activity of snakes in the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Eterovic ◽  
Otavio Marques ◽  
Whaldener Endo
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Seasonal Abundance ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Seasonal Activity ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Annual Activity ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractSeasonal abundance of some snake species from the Atlantic forest in southeastern Brazil was inferred from collection data gathered throughout twelve years at the Instituto Butantan in São Paulo, Brazil. The number of collected individuals of Chironius spp., Liophis miliaris, Spilotes pullatus, Tropidodryas spp., Micrurus corallinus, and Bothrops jararaca was significantly higher during the rainy season, whereas the number of Sibynomorphus neuwiedi was higher during the dry season. Erythrolamprus aesculapii, Xenodon neuwiedii, Tomodon dorsatus and Bothrops jararacussu did not show significant differences in the number of individuals collected at each of these seasons. Seasonality in captures may result from seasonal activity patterns. Food availability, tolerance to climatic conditions, reproductive cycle, and phylogenetic constraints are considered the main factors responsible for the observed patterns. A multivariate approach is recommended for analysis of annual activity.

scholarly journals Activity patterns of nine phyllostomid bat species in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludmilla Moura de Souza Aguiar ◽  
Jader Marinho-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Capture Rates

Seasonal, monthly and hourly activity patterns of nine bat species were studied based on their capture rates at the Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Feliciano Miguel Abdala (RPPN-FMA), Caratinga, Minas Gerais state, southeastern Brazil. The frugivorous and nectarivorous bat species have their activity closely related to the availability of food. Divergence in monthly and hourly activity is discussed for pairs of similar species and the hypothesis of reduction in competition for nectarivorous and frugivorous species are rejected. Further studies on frugivores-plants interactions should be conducted to assess the long term consequences for the whole system at the RPPN-MFA.

scholarly journals Comparison of two mammalian surveys made with camera traps in southeastern Brazil, focusing the abundance of wild mammals and domestic dogs

2013 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
WD. Carvalho ◽  
CH. Adania ◽  
CEL. Esbérard
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Capture Success ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mammal Communities ◽  
The Impact

Sampling allows assessing the impact of human activities on mammal communities. It is also possible to assess the accuracy of different sampling methods, especially when the sampling effort is similar. The present study aimed at comparing two mammalian surveys carried out over a three-year interval, in terms of sampling effort, capture success, abundance of domestic dogs, impact of human activities, and relative biomass using camera traps, in the Serra do Japi Biological Reserve and surroundings, located in Jundiaí, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. The total richness recorded was 13 species, one domestic and 12 wild mammals. Sampling effort in both surveys was similar, but capture success and number of captures differed. The abundance of wild mammals and dogs did also differ between surveys. There was a highly significant correlation between abundance of wild mammals and capture effort for the survey performed in 2006/2007, but not for the survey performed in 2009/2010. The difference between samples may be related to human disturbance, since the number of domestic mammals photographed was higher in the second survey, three years after the first survey. Despite being a reserve, the area is still under pressure from urbanization, biological invasion, environmental degradation, and hunting, which may reduce the abundance of wild mammals.

scholarly journals Parasitism by Amblyomma humerale (Acari: Ixodidae) on Chelonoidis denticulatus (Testudines: Testudinidae) in the Atlantic Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ygor Machado ◽  
Igor Cunha Lima Acosta ◽  
Thiago Fernandes Martins ◽  
Ana Carolina Srbek-Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Attachment Sites ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Host Parasite

Abstract The present study reports on patterns of parasitism by Amblyomma humerale on yellow-footed tortoise, Chelonoidis denticulatus, in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil. The tortoises were sampled occasionally, from July 2005 to January 2020. We collected 81 adult ticks from seven tortoises (mean = 11.57 ± 6.90 ticks/host), of which 72 were males (88.9%) and nine females (11.1%), resulting in an 8:1 sex ratio (males:females). Males were found in clusters, attached to the carapace. Females occurred mainly isolated, attached to coriaceous integumental areas (n = 7; 77.8%), especially the engorged females (100%). We suggest that the difference between attachment sites is a strategy used by fertilized females to avoid mechanical removal from their host through friction with elements of the environment. Because they undergo a considerable increase of volume when engorged, they move to more sheltered places on their host's surface. The parasitism patterns by A. humerale on C. denticulatus were compatible with those observed in the Amazon region and in the Cerrado-Amazonia transition. The present work provides information about the life history and host-parasite interface of the two species and contributes to understanding the parasitism patterns by A. humerale on C. denticulatus in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil.

scholarly journals Medium-sized and large mammals from Quedas do Rio Bonito Ecological Park, Minas Gerais, Brazil

Check List ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassius Klay Santos ◽  
Gabrielle Soares Muniz Pacheco ◽  
Marcelo Passamani
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Species Conservation ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Forest Fragments ◽  
Large Mammals ◽  
Leopardus Pardalis ◽  
Line Transects ◽  
Chrysocyon Brachyurus

Information about the occurrence of medium-sized and large mammals in the Cerrado and the Atlantic Forest is essential for monitoring the conservation status of these species in such biodiversity hotspots. This study presents the results of a survey of medium-sized and large mammals from Quedas do Rio Bonito Ecological Park, located in an ecotone between Cerrado and Atlantic Forest in Southeastern Brazil. Four sampling methods were used: sand plots, camera traps, line transects and tomahawk traps. We recorded 20 species belonging to 12 families and 7 orders, with a high occurrence of Carnivora (50%). We highlight the occurrence of five endangered species: Chrysocyon brachyurus, Leopardus pardalis, L. guttulus, Puma yagouaroundi and P. concolor. The species with the highest frequencies of occurrence were P. concolor (27%), C. brachyurus (17%), and Sylvilagus brasiliensis (13%). Our results confirm that, despite their small size, forest fragments are essential for “top-of-the-chain” species conservation in the region.

scholarly journals Influence of camera-trap sampling design on mammal species capture rates and community structures in southeastern Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Srbek-Araujo ◽  
Adriano Garcia Chiarello
Keyword(s):  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Camera Trap ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Sampling Point ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Forest Interior ◽  
Trap Location ◽  
Capture Rates

The distribution of species and population attributes are critical data for biodiversity conservation. As a tool for obtaining such data, camera traps have become increasingly common throughout the world. However, there are disagreements on how camera-trap records should be used due to imperfect species detectability and limitations regarding the use of capture rates as surrogates for abundance. We evaluated variations in the capture rates and community structures of mammals in camera-trap surveys using four different sampling designs. The camera traps were installed on internal roads (in the first and fourth years of the study), at 100-200 m from roads (internal edges; second year) and at 500 m from the nearest internal road (forest interior; third year). The mammal communities sampled in the internal edges and forest interior were similar to each other but differed significantly from those sampled on the roads. Furthermore, for most species, the number of records and the capture success varied widely among the four sampling designs. A further experiment showed that camera traps placed on the same tree trunk but facing in opposing directions also recorded few species in common. Our results demonstrated that presence or non-detection and capture rates vary among the different sampling designs. These differences resulted mostly from the habitat use and behavioral attributes of species in association with differences in sampling surveys, which resulted in differential detectability. We also recorded variations in the distribution of records per sampling point and at the same spot, evidencing the stochasticity associated with the camera-trap location and orientation. These findings reinforce that for species whose specimens cannot be individually identified, the capture rates should be best used as inputs for presence and detection analyses and for behavior inferences (regarding the preferential use of habitats and activity patterns, for example). Comparisons between capture rates or among relative abundance indices, even for the same species, should be made cautiously.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal co-occurrence and overlap of two sympatric mongoose species in an urban environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadine Elizabeth Cronk ◽  
Neville Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Urban Environment ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Camera Traps ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
Occupancy Probability ◽  
Yellow Mongoose ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Habitat Scale

Abstract Small carnivores are becoming increasingly common in urban areas. What has received less attention is whether and how resource partitioning among sympatric species in urban areas facilitates their coexistence. We examined the spatial, temporal and combined spatiotemporal occurrence and overlap of co-existing yellow mongoose Cynictis penicillata and slender mongoose Galerella sanguinea in an urban estate in South Africa. The reserve comprised two parts, an Eco-Estate where human residential and natural areas are interspersed and wildlife has greater contact with people, and a Nature Estate, where contact is reduced by palisade fencing between people and natural areas. Using photographic data from camera traps collected over 11 consecutive months, we found a moderate level of spatial overlap between the mongoose species. Differences between the species occurred at a finer habitat scale: yellow mongooses were more common in open habitats located near human residents whereas the slender mongooses were more common in covered areas further away from human residents. The detection probability of the yellow mongoose, however, was greater than that of the slender mongoose, and the occupancy probability of the slender mongoose was reduced in the presence of the yellow mongoose. Although both species demonstrated bimodal diurnal peaks in activity, they varied in their active periods, with temporal overlap being greater during colder than warmer months. No complete spatiotemporal overlap (occurrence in the same place at the same time/within a 10-min period) occurred. This may have been as a result of the difference in detection and occupancy probabilities of the two species. Resource availability (food), however, appears to influence the different habitat selection, space use, and activity patterns of yellow and slender mongoose in the study area. Therefore, we conclude that partitioning along the spatial and somewhat on the temporal dimensions aids in the coexistence of these mongoose species in an urban environment.

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