Occurrence of gastrointestinal parasites in Spheniscus magellanicus (Foster, 1781) located in Pontal do Sul, PR, Brazil

ABSTRACT Gastrointestinal parasitism is the main health problem faced by Spheniscus magellanicus, known as Magellanic penguins, in route on the Brazilian coast. The aim of this research was to report the occurrence and intensity of gastrointestinal parasites in S. magellanicus that reached Pontal do Sul, Paraná, South of Brazil. The study was performed at the Marine Study Center of the Federal University of Parana (CEM-UFPR) with 38 specimens, 31 were necropsied and seven were examined alive with coproparasitological exams. From the necropsied animals, 93.5% (29/31) were parasitized with at least one parasite species. Contracaecum pelagicum was the most prevalent 93,5% (29/31) parasite, followed by Cardiocephaloides physalis (64.5%) and Tetrabothrius lutzi (51.6%). Only one animal was free of parasites and the most infected bird had 1.076 parasites with an average of 194 worms. Willis-Mollay method revealed that 57.1% (4/7) had C. pelagicum eggs. In conclusion, the high rate of gastrointestinal parasites in S. magellanicus confirms the clinical exams, when animals had poor health conditions when they were found in the cost of Paraná. This study provides data to enrich the literature regarding the helminth fauna of the Magellanic penguins, assisting sanitary control programs in Rehabilitation Centers for Marine Animals.

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Host–parasite relationship in Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) during their long northward journey to the Brazilian coast

Polar Biology ◽

10.1007/s00300-020-02706-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (9) ◽

pp. 1261-1272 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Angélica A. de Paula ◽

Paulo H. Ott ◽

Maurício Tavares ◽

Roberta A. Santos ◽

Ângela T. Silva-Souza

Keyword(s):

Brazilian Coast ◽

Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽

Magellanic Penguins ◽

Host Parasite Relationship ◽

Parasite Relationship ◽

Host Parasite

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Two different avipoxviruses associated with pox disease in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) along the Brazilian coast

Avian Pathology ◽

10.1080/03079457.2013.849794 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 42 (6) ◽

pp. 546-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Claudia Niemeyer ◽

Cíntia M. Favero ◽

Cristiane K. M. Kolesnikovas ◽

Renata C. C. Bhering ◽

Paulo Brandão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brazilian Coast ◽

Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽

Magellanic Penguins

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Clinical, hematological, total plasma protein and fibrinogen parameters of magellanic penguins ( Spheniscus magellanicus ) pre- and post-rehabilitation

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2014001300009 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (suppl 1) ◽

pp. 43-48 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Angela M. Coraiola ◽

Cristiane K.M. Kolesnikovas ◽

Ricardo Krul ◽

Paulo R. Mangini ◽

Rosangela Locatelli-Dittrich

Keyword(s):

Plasma Protein ◽

Body Condition Score ◽

The Body ◽

Total Plasma ◽

Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽

Magellanic Penguins ◽

Rehabilitation Centers ◽

Total Plasma Protein ◽

Condition Score ◽

Two Parameters

Abstract: Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) usually arrive in poor body conditions at Brazilian beaches during the winter. Hematology provides valuable information about clinical and immunity status of the animals. The aims of this study were to determine the hematologic, total plasma protein (TPP) and fibrinogen profiles of young and adult magellanic penguins in PROAMAR and CETAS-SC, relating these results with the state of health and survival possibility of the animals. In Paraná 14 animals were evaluated in pre and eight in post-rehabilitation and 29 animals were evaluated in Santa Catarina after rehabilitation. Before rehabilitation, all animals showed weakness. In hematological exams of these animals, we found that anemia was present in 83% of the penguins that died and 50% of those which survived. The heterophils/lymphocytes (H/L) ratio was 3.87±0.57 in animals that died, significantly higher than the average of 2.20±0.30 for animals that survived. These two parameters are useful to assess the survival possibility of animals to rehabilitation. The body condition score was positively correlated with hematocrit and TPP, and negatively correlated with H/L ratio. After rehabilitation, the values were similar to other animals of the family Spheniscidae, with averages ranging from 1.64 to 1.90x106 erythrocytes/μL; 43.38 to 48.80% of hematocrit; 12.45 to 13.52g/dL of hemoglobin; 8,684 to 14,011 leukocytes/μL; 4,767 to 8,041 heterophils/μL; 3,215 to 4,951 lymphocytes/μL; 95 to 655 eosinophils/μl; 179.8 to 277.9 monocytes/μL; 141 to 184.9 basophils/μL; and 1.26 to 1.74 of H/L ratio. These parameters can therefore be used as reference values and release parameters for young and adult Magellanic penguins in captivity on the rehabilitation centers.

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Levels of Cadmium, Mercury, and Lead in Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) Stranded on the Brazilian Coast

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology ◽

10.1007/s00244-009-9349-0 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 460-468 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Claudia M. Vega ◽

Salvatore Siciliano ◽

Paulo R. G. Barrocas ◽

Sandra S. Hacon ◽

Reinaldo C. Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brazilian Coast ◽

Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽

Magellanic Penguins

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Serological monitoring of antibodies for an early diagnosis ofaspergillosis in captive penguins

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira ◽

10.1590/s0100-736x2015000600015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 35 (6) ◽

pp. 573-578 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ângela L. Cabana ◽

Melissa O. Xavier ◽

Vanice Poester ◽

Gabriel B. Klafke ◽

Pedro L. B.Filho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Early Diagnosis ◽

Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽

Post Mortem ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Marine Animals ◽

Agar Gel ◽

Predictive Values ◽

Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽

Final Destination ◽

Magellanic Penguins

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of detection of anti-Aspergillus fumigatus antibodies in captive penguins by double radial agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) for the aspergillosis diagnosis. We included 134 Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) in rehabilitation at the Center for Recovery of Marine Animals (CRAM / FURG). All of them were monitored by AGID weekly until its final destination (death or release), totalizing 660 serum samples studied. All animals were clinically accompanied and post-mortem examinations was performed in penguins that died during the studied period. A total of 28% (37/134) of the penguins died, 89.2% (33/37) due to aspergillosis, 11% (4/37) by other causes and 97 were released. From the 33 animals with proven aspergillosis, 21 presented anti- A. fumigatus antibodies by AGID, being the average interval between death and positive AGID 16.4 days. Twelve animals with negative serology died of aspergillosis. The sensitivity and specificity rates were 63.6% and 95% respectively, and the positive and negative predictive values were 80.7% and 88.9% respectively. These data demonstrate that the serological monitoring for detection of antibodies by AGID can be an important tool for the diagnosis of aspergillosis in penguins.

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Clinical biochemistry of rescued Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus): serum or heparinized plasma?

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia ◽

10.1590/1678-4162-9984 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 71 (3) ◽

pp. 782-790

Author(s):

J. Morais ◽

J. Volpato ◽

A. Costa ◽

C. Kolesnikovas ◽

M. Souza ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Clinical Biochemistry ◽

Reference Intervals ◽

Gamma Glutamyl Transpeptidase ◽

Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽

Material Resources ◽

Magellanic Penguins ◽

Rehabilitation Centers ◽

Paired Samples ◽

Sampling Volume ◽

Glutamyl Transpeptidase

ABSTRACT In the last few years, an increasing number of debilitated Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) has been rescued and taken to rehabilitation centers on Brazil’s southern coast to be clinically treated and evaluated for re-introduction. This work aims to compare the viability of heparinized plasma with the viability of serum for biochemistry analyses under rehabilitation conditions. Blood sampled from 31 physically healthy rescued penguins was processed into serum/plasma-paired samples and analyzed for 12 biochemical parameters: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol (CHOL), creatine kinase (CK), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), glucose, (GLU) lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), total proteins (TP), triglycerides (TG), urea (UR), and uric acid (UA).The results showed that six paired samples presented visual signs of hemolysis (visual hemolytic score≥1), four of which occurred exclusively in the serum counterpart. Significant differences (P≤ 0.5) between sample types were found for CHOL (3%), GLU (6%) and TG (52%). Only TG was considered clinically relevant (>10%). All mean/median results fell within the available reference intervals by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (Penguin, 2014). In conclusion, we verified that heparinized plasma is a viable sample for the clinical biochemistry of rescued Magellanic penguins as it yields compatible results with serum, while providing practical benefits. The adoption of this practice favors a faster bird recovery, by minimizing blood sampling volume, and optimizes material resources, allowing use of the same collector tube as for hematology.

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Health state and reproductive output in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus)

Ethology Ecology & Evolution ◽

10.1080/08927014.2002.9522758 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 19-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

J. Moreno ◽

P. Yorio ◽

P. Garcia-Borboroglu ◽

J. Potti ◽

S. Villar

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Output ◽

Health State ◽

Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽

Magellanic Penguins

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PLASMODIUM RELICTUM AS A CAUSE OF AVIAN MALARIA IN WILD-CAUGHT MAGELLANIC PENGUINS (SPHENISCUS MAGELLANICUS)

Journal of Wildlife Diseases ◽

10.7589/0090-3558-24.4.610 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 610-619 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Andrew S. Fix ◽

Cheryl Waterhouse ◽

Ellis C. Greiner ◽

Michael K. Stoskopf

Keyword(s):

Avian Malaria ◽

Plasmodium Relictum ◽

Spheniscus Magellanicus ◽

Magellanic Penguins

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Observation of initial clinical manifestations and repercussions from the treatment of 314 human injuries caused by black sea urchins (Echinometra lucunter) on the southeastern Brazilian coast

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822012000300021 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 390-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Vidal Haddad Junior

Keyword(s):

Foreign Body ◽

Black Sea ◽

Sea Urchins ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Signs And Symptoms ◽

Early Observation ◽

The Black Sea ◽

Brazilian Coast ◽

Marine Animals

INTRODUCTION: Injuries caused by sea urchins are the most common caused by marine animals in humans in Brazil, with the black sea urchin (Echinometra lucunter) causing the most injuries to bathers. METHODS: This study observed 314 human wounds with emphasis on the early observation of clinical signs and symptoms and their implications on the recommended treatment. RESULTS: All the injuries were caused by black sea urchins and were observed in bathers. The lesions and the pain were associated with penetration of the spines; there was no early inflammation or pain without pressure on the wounded places. Complications arising from this kind on injury, including infections and foreign body granulomas, are associated with the permanence of the spines in the wounds. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed that this kind of injury is the most common accident caused by aquatic animals in Brazil. The main therapeutical recommendation is early removal of the spines to prevent late complications, such as infections and the formation of foreign body granulomas.

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