The hatching of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) in response to different inorganic ions

Significant yield responses of up to 0.9 t/ha were obtained with the nematicides aldicarb and dibromochloropropane in seven of eleven field trials with the wheat variety, Condor. Both nematicides reduced the numbers of white cysts of Heterodera avenae on the roots of wheat. With aldicarb the increase in wheat yields varied directly as the decrease in white cysts: dibromochloropropane gave similar increases in yield as aldicarb with a greater reduction in cyst numbers. There was no yield increase with either nematicide when cereal cyst nematode was not present. An analysis of covariance indicated that over all the sites 64% of the increase in yield due to aldicarb could be explained in terms of cysts of cereal cyst nematode.

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The effects of soil sterilants on the cereal cyst-nematode (Heterodera avenae Woll.), take-all (Ophiobolus graminis Sacc.) and yields of spring wheat and barley

Annals of Applied Biology ◽

10.1111/j.1744-7348.1970.tb06440.x ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

pp. 329-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

T. D. WILLIAMS ◽

G. A. SALT

Keyword(s):

Spring Wheat ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽

Heterodera Avenae ◽

Take All

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Discovery of Heterodera filipjevi in Washington and Comparative Virulence with H. avenae on Wheat

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis-08-14-0789-re ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 376-386 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Richard W. Smiley ◽

Guiping Yan

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

The United States ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽

Heterodera Avenae ◽

Management Guidelines ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Species Specific ◽

Eastern Washington ◽

Cyst Morphology

The cereal cyst nematode Heterodera avenae suppresses wheat production in the western United States. A second species of cereal cyst nematode, H. filipjevi, was identified in eastern Oregon during 2008. This paper reports the discovery of H. filipjevi–infested fields in eastern Washington, thereby extending the known distribution of H. filipjevi in the United States. The identity of H. filipjevi was determined and confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), sequencing, and cyst morphology. Soils that were collected from naturally infested fields in Washington were used to compare the virulence of H. avenae and H. filipjevi on six spring wheat cultivars under controlled-environment conditions. Noninfested soils from nearby fields were used as controls. Cultivars Ouyen and WB Rockland were resistant to H. avenae and susceptible to H. filipjevi. Cultivars Sönmez and SY Steelhead were resistant to H. filipjevi and susceptible to H. avenae. Cultivars Louise and WB 936 were susceptible to both species. The resistance of SY Steelhead to ‘H. avenae’, reported in a previous paper, is corrected as resistance to H. filipjevi due to an earlier misidentification of H. filipjevi. Management guidelines that include crop rotations and resistant cultivars are presented. Discovery of additional infestations of H. filipjevi are anticipated when DNA-based tests become used routinely in commercial diagnostic laboratories.

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Resistance of wheat, barley and oat to Heterodera avenae in the Pacific Northwest, USA

Nematology ◽

10.1163/138855410x531862 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 13 (5) ◽

pp. 539-552 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Richard W. Smiley ◽

Guiping Yan ◽

John N. Pinkerton

Keyword(s):

Resistance Gene ◽

Pacific Northwest ◽

Resistance Genes ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽

Heterodera Avenae ◽

Wheat Cultivars ◽

The Pacific ◽

The Usa ◽

Breeding Programmes

Abstract The cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera avenae, occurs in at least seven western states of the USA and reduces grain yield in localised regions and in selected crop management systems. Virulence phenotypes for H. avenae populations in North America have not been reported. Nine individual assays in six experiments were conducted to determine the reactions of barley, oat and wheat cultivars to five H. avenae populations in the Pacific Northwest (PNW) states of Idaho, Oregon and Washington. Three populations were evaluated for virulence to 23 entries of the 'International Test Assortment for Defining Cereal Cyst Nematode Pathotypes', plus selected local cultivars and entries representing a greater diversity of resistance genes. The virulence phenotype(s) for populations of H. avenae in the PNW did not correspond to any of the 11 pathotypes defined by the Test Assortment. Five PNW populations exhibited affinities with Group 2 but were not defined by pathotypes Ha12 and Ha22. Reproduction was prevented or greatly inhibited by barley carrying the Rha3 resistance gene and by most carriers of Rha2 resistance, and by selected oat cultivars with multigenic resistance. Wheat cultivars carrying the Cre1 resistance gene were highly effective in suppressing H. avenae reproduction. Current PNW wheat cultivars do not carry the Cre1 resistance gene. Crosses between Ouyen, an Australian bread wheat with Cre1 resistance, and several PNW wheat cultivars were resistant. The CreR gene also prevented H. avenae reproduction in the trial where it was tested. Intermediate levels of reproduction occurred on wheat cultivars carrying the Cre5, Cre7 and Cre8 resistance genes, each of which was considered useful for pyramiding into cultivars with Cre1 resistance. This research identified genetic resources of value in PNW cereal crop breeding programmes.

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Observations on the prevalence and incidence of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) in Scotland

Crop Protection ◽

10.1016/0261-2194(88)90006-3 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 378-383 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

S.A. Bowen ◽

A.M. Spaull ◽

B. Boag

Keyword(s):

Cyst Nematode ◽

Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽

Heterodera Avenae

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Variation in reproductive capacity and virulence on different genotypes and resistance genes of Triticeae, in the cereal cyst nematode species complex

Nematology ◽

10.1163/156854101753389194 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 581-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Makram Bel Hadj Fradj ◽

Joseph Jahier ◽

Sadia Bekal ◽

Julie Nicol ◽

Jean-Pierre Gauthier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Genes ◽

Species Complex ◽

Triticum Turgidum ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Reproductive Capacity ◽

Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽

Host Responses ◽

Heterodera Avenae ◽

Genetic Introgression ◽

Experimental Conditions

AbstractTwo sets of experiments in 1998 and 1999 studied the (a)virulence status of 14 populations of Heterodera avenae, and two populations each of H. filipjevi and H. latipons towards the resistance genes and genotypes of Triticeae, presently known to be resistant to H. avenae, the main species of the cereal cyst nematode (CCN) species complex. Susceptible controls were Triticum aestivum cv. Arminda and Triticum turgidum cv. Cham1. Even in controlled experimental conditions, host responses differed between replicates in the same test and between consecutive tests for unexplained reasons. In spite of that, it has been confirmed that several of these CCN populations differ in their intrinsic capacity to reproduce, and this has to be taken into account in resistance screening. Consequently, the (a)virulence status of a CCN population is better established by a qualitative demarcation between resistant and susceptible plant genotypes based on an average of one cyst limit per plant. The matrix inferred from such a classification of host responses of pooled 1998 and 1999 data showed a complex distribution of avirulent and virulent phenotypes in these CCN populations which seems to arise from a mosaic-like evolution. The more or less wide virulence spectrum shown by this complex of populations and species is discussed in relation to their phylogenetic relationships. Correspondence factor analysis of the pooled data demonstrated a geographical demarcation between several populations of H. avenae and the representatives of H. filipjevi and H. latipons for their (a)virulence to either Cre1 or Cre3 genes and T. aestivum AUS4930 genotype. This could reveal local or regional selection of new pathotypes, more particularly in H. avenae. Genetic introgression to improve resistance to these nematodes in both bread and durum wheats is discussed for regional and global applications.

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