scholarly journals In Search of the Latin American Variety of Capitalism

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-163
Author(s):  
Tomás Bril-Mascarenhas
Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
María Irene Moyna

This study focuses on the address paradigm in the Spanish spoken in Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay, a Latin American variety which presents speakers with three options—one polite (usted), and two familiar (pan-Hispanic tú and regional vos). Recent quantitative studies have shown that the range of polite usted is shrinking in the dialect, as younger respondents reserve it for hierarchical contexts or for much older addressees. Indeed, speakers are uncertain about appropriate address choice to convey deference without distance. The present analysis supplements the previous quantitative data with responses of Montevideo speakers to an attitudinal interview (n = 12) analyzed qualitatively for themes with Atlas.ti. It finds that while speakers reject usted, they have adopted a range of strategies to maintain distinctions in politeness, including address avoidance, mirroring, and the repurposing of tú as an intermediate polite form.


2020 ◽  
Vol LXXVI (76) ◽  
pp. 361-372
Author(s):  
Witold Sobczak

On the so-called aspectual opposition between «he cantado» and «canté» in Latin American Spanish. According to the majority of linguists, the opposition between the forms «he cantado» and «canté» in the American variety of Spanish is related to aspect, which may raise doubts if it is assumed that aspect is a grammatical category typical of Slavic languages and absent in Romance languages. Based on this assumption and on a precise distinction between aspect and Aktionsart, the author attempts to prove that aspect did not exist in Latin, nor does it exist in contemporary Spanish. Therefore the claim that the tenses antepresente («he cantado») and pretérito («canté») are carriers of aspectual features is hard to accept. Keywords: aspect, Aktionsart, Spanish tense system, expressing the past O tak zwanej opozycji aspektowej pomiędzy «he cantado» a «canté» w hiszpańskim w Ameryce. Streszczenie: Według większości lingwistów opozycja pomiędzy formami «he cantado» a «canté» w amerykańskiej odmianie języka hiszpańskiego ma charakter aspektowy, co może wzbudzać wątpliwości, jeśli uzna się aspekt za kategorię gramatyczną typową dla języków słowiańskich i nieobecną w językach romańskich. W oparciu o to założenie oraz precyzyjne rozróżnienie pomiędzy aspektem a Aktionsartem autor próbuje udowodnić, że aspekt nie istniał ani w łacinie, ani nie istnieje we współczesnym języku hiszpańskim i w związku z tym trudne do zaakceptowania wydaje się stwierdzenie, że czasy antepresente («he cantado ») i pretérito («canté») są nośnikami treści aspektowych. Słowa klucze: aspekt, Aktionsart, hiszpański system czasowy, wyrażanie przeszłości


1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Muñiz ◽  
Gerardo Prieto ◽  
Leandro Almeida ◽  
Dave Bartram

Summary: The two main sources of errors in educational and psychological evaluation are the lack of adequate technical and psychometric characteristics of the tests, and especially the failure to properly implement the testing process. The main goal of the present research is to study the situation of test construction and test use in the Spanish-speaking (Spain and Latin American countries) and Portuguese-speaking (Portugal and Brazil) countries. The data were collected using a questionnaire constructed by the European Federation of Professional Psychologists Association (EFPPA) Task Force on Tests and Testing, under the direction of D. Bartram . In addition to the questionnaire, other ad hoc data were also gathered. Four main areas of psychological testing were investigated: Educational, Clinical, Forensic and Work. Key persons were identified in each country in order to provide reliable information. The main results are presented, and some measures that could be taken in order to improve the current testing practices in the countries surveyed are discussed. As most of the tests used in these countries were originally developed in other cultures, a problem that appears to be especially relevant is the translation and adaptation of tests.


2019 ◽  
Vol 227 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Sandro Gomes Pessoa ◽  
Linda Liebenberg ◽  
Dorothy Bottrell ◽  
Silvia Helena Koller

Abstract. Economic changes in the context of globalization have left adolescents from Latin American contexts with few opportunities to make satisfactory transitions into adulthood. Recent studies indicate that there is a protracted period between the end of schooling and entering into formal working activities. While in this “limbo,” illicit activities, such as drug trafficking may emerge as an alternative for young people to ensure their social participation. This article aims to deepen the understanding of Brazilian youth’s involvement in drug trafficking and its intersection with their schooling, work, and aspirations, connecting with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 and 16 as proposed in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development adopted by the United Nations in 2015 .


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