scholarly journals EFFECT OF VETIVER ROOTS ON SOIL RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION IN A TYPIC FLUVIC NEOSSOL IN THE SÃO FRANCISCO RIVERBANK

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-943
Author(s):  
Lorena Machado ◽  
Francisco Sandro Rodrigues Holanda ◽  
Alceu Pedrotti ◽  
Olavo José Marques Ferreira ◽  
Renisson Neponuceno de Araújo Filho ◽  
...  

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the root of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides (L.) Robert) on the soil Resistance to penetration (RP) in the margins of the lower São Francisco River. Vetiver grass seedlings were planted on the riverbank margins in order to increase soil resistance to erosion processes, and RP assessments were made at soil depths of 0-0.20, 0.20-0.40, and 0.40-0.60 m in different situations (near the plants and within rows). RP data was obtained using an automated penetrometer. Gravimetric moisture data was also collected, as well as particle size data by densimetry, and root density data by the monolith method. The results of the RP, moisture, and root density studies were subjected to analysis of variance (p <0.05) and then the averages were compared by the Tukey test using SISVAR software. The samples next to the vetiver grass showed an average RP of 1793.94 kPa and an average moisture content of 11.78%, statistically differing from that of the sampled points within rows. RP and soil moisture did not differ statistically at the depth assessed. The vetiver grass produced an adequate ground cover, leading to higher water retention and hence a reduced resistance to penetration.

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 519-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen Lourenço Fernandes ◽  
Adriana Aparecida Ribon ◽  
João Tavares Filho ◽  
Gustavo Dias Custódio ◽  
Leonardo Rodrigues Barros

ABSTRACT The soil resistance to penetration study helps in understanding the state of soil compaction, indicating how best to manage it. The present study aimed to verify the influence of time management in modeling curves of resistance to penetration in Oxisol under different uses and management of pastures and woodland in field conditions, using the stepwise procedure. The study was conducted in the Cerrado region. Five (5) systems of uses and management of pastures and native woodland were evaluated: ILPF: crop-livestock-forest integration; ILP: crop-livestock integration; P: Area in the extensive grazing system; MN: native woodland; PIQ: rotated picket. The experiments were assessed for the years 2012/13 and 2013/14. To obtain the models, an analysis with four independent variables was performed: Gravimetric moisture (X1), bulk density (X2), total porosity (X3) and organic matter (X4) and the dependent variable, soil resistance to penetration (Y). The multiple regression analysis by STEPWISE with F of 0.15 was used. The equation that best estimated the resistance to penetration was RP = 14.68 to 0.26 for Native Woodland in layers from 0.20 - 0.40 m with R2 indices of 0.97 in year 1. For year 2, the equation that estimated the resistance to penetration was obtained in the PIQ treatment, PR = - 15.94 - 0.29 PT + 15.87 DS + 0.05 MO. with R2 of 0.94.


2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-871 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amauri Nelson Beutler ◽  
José Frederico Centurion ◽  
Alvaro Pires da Silva

The objective of this study was determine the resistance to penetration (PR), least limiting water range (LLWR) and critical bulk density (Db-crit) for soybean yield in a medium-textured oxisol (Haplustox). The treatments represented the soil compaction by passing a tractor over the site 0, 1, 2, 4, and 6 times, with 4 replications in a randomized experimental design. Samples were collected from 0.02-0.05, 0.07-0.10 and 0.15-0.18 m depths. Soybean (Glycine max cv. Embrapa 48) was sowed in December 2002. Plant height, number of pods, aerial dry matter, weight of 100 seeds, and the yield in 3.6 m² plots were recorded. Soybean yield started reduction at the PR of 0.85 MPa and Db of 1.48 Mg m-3. The LLWR was limited in highest part by water content at field capacity (0.01 MPa tension) and in lowest part by water content at PRcrit, achieved the Db-crit to yield at 1.48 Mg m-3.


2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Godoy ◽  
Osny Oliveira Santos Bacchi ◽  
Fernando Almeida Moreira ◽  
Klaus Reichardt

Soil decompaction is generally achieved through mechanical cultivation practices; however biological processes can significantly add to this process through root growth, development, and later senescence. This study was carried out in Piracicaba, SP, Brazil and had the purpose of selecting, among forty one pure pigeon pea lines, the most efficient genotypes that promote soil decompaction by roots penetrating compacted soil layers. Utilizing artificially compacted 30 mm high soil blocks, in a series of experiments, these lines were compared to the cultivar Fava Larga taken as a standard. Three lines were preliminarily selected out of the initial group, and afterwards, in more detailed screenings by monitoring soil resistance to penetration and also evaluating the behavior of Tanzania grass plants seeded after pigeon pea, two of them, g5-94 and g8-95, were selected as possessing the most fit root system to penetrate compacted soil layers.


2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge W. Cortez ◽  
Munir Mauad ◽  
Luiz C. F. de Souza ◽  
Mauricio V. Rufino ◽  
Paulo H. N. de Souza

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge W. Cortez ◽  
Victor H. Cavassini ◽  
Anamari V. de A. Motomiya ◽  
Roberto C. Orlando ◽  
Igor Q. M. Valente

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 697-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge W. Cortez ◽  
Wéliton P. da S. Matos ◽  
Sálvio N. S. Arcoverde ◽  
Victor H. Cavassini ◽  
Igor Q. M. Valente

1998 ◽  
Vol 130 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. JAMES ◽  
R. W. ALEXANDER

Studies of soil erosion in upland and marginal upland Britain are reviewed. Processes affecting soil erosion and runoff are described in marginal upland improved pastures of differing age in the Clwydian Hills, including one which was cultivated twice during the study period. A Gerlach-type trough was designed for trapping sediment and filtered runoff from bounded plots and for operating under grazing. Erosion and runoff amounts are interpreted in the light of ground cover, rainfall amounts and intensity, the action of grazing stock and other animals, and other influences. The chief erosion processes are the action of animals and surface wash by unconcentrated overland flow; no rilling occurred. The significance of particle size of eroded sediment is discussed.


Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Wayne Bingham ◽  
John R. Hall

Bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon(L.) Pers. ♯ CYNDA ‘Vamont’, ‘Midiron’, andCynodon dactylonXCynodon transvaalensisBurlt-Davy ♯ CYNTR ‘Tifway’] cultivars were tolerant to oxadiazon [2-tert-butyl-4(2,4-dichloro-5-isopropoxyphenyl)-Δ2-1, 3,4-oxadiazolin-5-one] applied at rates up to 4.5 kg ai/ha during sprig establishment. The rate of shoot growth from sprigs after oxadiazon treatment was excellent and provided adequate ground cover within 3 months. Oxadiazon applications adversely affected root development of the Midiron cultivar as measured by the force required to uproot the sod. Root development of Vamont and Tifway after oxadiazon application was equal to that of untreated bermudagrass. Oxadiazon plus bensulide [O,O-diisopropyl phosphorodithioateS-ester withN-(2-mercaptoethyl)benzenesulfonamide] was inhibitory to both root and shoot growth of all cultivars. Metribuzin [4-amino-6-tert-butyl-3-(methylthio)-as-triazin-5(4H)-one] applications at 3 and 5 weeks after sprigging caused severe root injury to Vamont and Midiron bermudagrass.


2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tonismar dos S. Pereira ◽  
Adroaldo D. Robaina ◽  
Marcia X. Peiter ◽  
Rogerio R. Torres ◽  
Jhosefe Bruning

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Oswaldo Julio Vischi Filho ◽  
Zigomar Menezes de Souza ◽  
Gustavo Soares de Souza ◽  
Allan Charlles Mendes de Sousa ◽  
Reginaldo Barboza da Silva

INTERVALO HÍDRICO ÓTIMO EM ÁREA DE CANA-DE-AÇÚCAR COM DIFERENTES CICLOS DE COLHEITA MECANIZADA  OSWALDO JULIO VISCHI FILHO1; ZIGOMAR MENEZES DE SOUZA1; GUSTAVO SOARES DE SOUZA2; ALLAN CHARLLES MENDES DE SOUSA1 E ; REGINALDO BARBOZA DA SILVA3  1Laboratório de Solos,Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Experimental Bananal do Norte, Instituto Capixaba de Pesquisa, Assistência Técnica e Extensão Rural, [email protected] Executiva, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho”, Campus de Registro, SP, [email protected]  1 RESUMO Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade física do solo, por meio do intervalo hídrico ótimo (IHO), visando diagnosticar o comportamento estrutural de solo sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar crua em diferentes ciclos produtivos. O experimento foi desenvolvido em lavoura comercial de cana-de-açúcar em um Latossolo Vermelho distrófico (LVd) com textura média. Os tratamentos foram: um (CM1) e três (CM3) ciclos produtivos da lavoura (em média seis anos por ciclo) com colheita mecanizada. O solo foi amostrado nas linhas de plantio e nas entrelinhas, distante 0,30 m da linha de plantio, nas camadas de 0,00-0,10, 0,10-0,20, 0,20-0,30 e 0,30-0,40 m. A qualidade física do solo foi avaliada por meio do IHO. O IHO foi maior no sistema de colheita mecanizada com três ciclos (CM3), quando relacionado com o sistema com um ciclo (CM1), sugerindo que esse sistema contribuiu para a melhoria das condições físicas do solo avaliado como densidade, porosidade, resistência do solo à penetração e capacidade de armazenamento de água. A maior faixa de água não limitante ao desenvolvimento radicular da cana no sistema CM3 foi decorrente da utilização efetiva do preparo mínimo da linha de plantio, permitindo uma recuperação dos atributos físicos do solo. O IHO foi maior na linha de plantio em relação à entrelinha. Palavra-Chave: Saccharum officinarum, água no solo, qualidade física do solo, resistência do solo à penetração.  VISCHI FILHO, O. J.; SOUZA, Z. M.; SOUZA, G. S.; SOUSA, A. C. M.; SILVA, R. B.LEAST LIMITING WATER RANGE ON SUGARCANE AREA WITH DIFFERENT CYCLES OF MECHANICAL HARVEST  2 ABSTRACT The present study aimed to assess the soil physical quality, through Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR), aiming to diagnose the soil structural behavior, under sugarcane cultivation at different times of handling. The experiment was conducted on a sugarcane commercial farming on Oxisol Typic Acrudox with medium texture. The treatments were: one (CM1) and three (CM3) handling cultivation cycles (six years average for cycle) through mechanical harvest system. Soil samples were collected on the planting rows and on between rows, distance of 0.30 m from planting rows, at layers of 0.00-0.10; 0.10-0.20; 0.20-0.30 e 0.30-0.40 m. Soil physical quality was assessed by LLWR. The LLWR was higher in mechanical harvesting system with three cycles (CM3), when related to one cycle system (CM1), suggesting that this system has contributed for the improvement of assessed soil physical conditions such as  bulk density, soil porosity, soil resistance to penetration and water storage. The largest LLWR at sugarcane root development on CM3 system was due to the effective use of row planting reduced tillage, allowing recovery of soil physical properties. The LLWR was higher on planting rows than between rows. Keywords: Saccharum officinarum, soil water, soil physical quality, soil resistance to penetration.


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